Tree of Life Version
Malachi 1:3
3and Esau I hated. I made his hills a wasteland and gave his inheritance to jackals of the wilderness.”
Malachi 1:3 in other versions
- King James Version (KJV)And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
- New International Version (NIV)but Esau I have hated, and I have turned his hill country into a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”
- English Standard Version (ESV)but Esau I have hated. I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert."
- New King James Version (NKJV)But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness.”
Context of Malachi 1:3
1An oracle: The word of Adonai to Israel by Malachi. 2“I loved you,” says Adonai. But you say: “How have you loved us?” “Was Esau not Jacob’s brother?” —it is the declaration of Adonai— “Yet I loved Jacob and Esau I hated. I made his hills a wasteland and gave his inheritance to jackals of the wilderness.” 4For Edom may say, “We have been beaten down, but we will return and rebuild the ruins.” Thus Adonai-Tzva’ot says: “They may rebuild but I will tear down. They will be called a wicked territory, the people Adonai denounced forever. 5So you will see, and you will say: ‘May Adonai be magnified beyond the border of Israel!’”
Read all of Malachi 1Malachi 1:3 word by word
וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃Read the interlinear
Words taken from the KJV.
- And I hatedשָׂנֵאώânê' · to hateH8130
- Esauעֵשָׂו‛êώâv · EsauH6215
- and laidשׂוּםώûm ώîym · to set: makeH7760
- his mountainsהַרhar · mountain: mountH2022
- and his heritageנַחֲלָהnachălâh · inheritanceH5159
- wasteשְׁמָמָהshemâmâh shimâmâh · devastationH8077
- for the dragonsתַּנָּהtannâh · dragonH8568
- of the wildernessמִדְבָּרmidbâr · wildernessH4057
Cross-references for Malachi 1:3
- Genesis 29:30Jacob also went to Rachel and indeed loved Rachel more than Leah. So he served with him for yet another seven years.
- Deuteronomy 21:15“Suppose a man has two wives—the one loved and the other unloved—and both the loved and the unloved bear him sons. But it happens that the firstborn son belongs to the unloved wife.
- Luke 14:26“If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his own father, mother, wife, children, brothers, and sisters—and yes, even his own life—he cannot be My disciple.
- Isaiah 34:9Its streams will be turned into pitch, its dust into brimstone, and its land will become burning tar.
- Jeremiah 49:16Your terrorism has deceived you, so that your heart is arrogant. You who live in the clefts of the rock, who occupy the height of the hill. Though you make your nest as high as an eagle’s, I will bring you down from there.” It is a declaration of Adonai.
- Ezekiel 25:13therefore thus says Adonai Elohim: ‘I will stretch out My hand upon Edom. I will cut off man and beast from it. I will make it desolate. From Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword.
- Ezekiel 36:3Therefore prophesy and say, thus says Adonai Elohim: ‘Because they ravaged and crushed you from every side, so that you became the possession of the rest of the nations and you became the talk and evil gossip of people,’
- Obadiah 1:10“Because of your violence to your brother Jacob, shame will cover you, and you will be cut off forever.
- Isaiah 13:21But desert creatures will lie there. Their houses will be full of owls. Ostriches will dwell there, and goat-demons will dance there.
- Isaiah 34:13Thorns will come up in its palaces, nettles and thistles in its fortresses. It will be a haunt of jackals, an abode for ostriches.
- Isaiah 35:7The parched land will become a pool, the thirsty ground springs of water. In the haunt of jackals, where they rest, grass will become reeds and rushes.
- Jeremiah 9:11Who is the one wise enough to understand this? To whom has the mouth of Adonai spoken that he may explain it? Why is the land ruined, laid waste like a wilderness, so that no one passes through?”
- Jeremiah 51:37Babylon will become heaps, a dwelling for jackals, a horror and a hissing, uninhabited.
Commentaries on Malachi 1:3
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 3And I hated Esau - I have shown him less love; Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31. I comparatively hated him by giving him an inferior lot. And now, I have not only laid waste the dwelling-place of the Edomites, by the incursions of their enemies; but ( Malachi 1:4;) they shall remain the perpetual monuments of my vengeance. On the subject of loving Jacob and hating Esau, see the notes on Genesis 27 (note), and Romans 9:13; (note). Let it be remembered, That…Read the comment
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 3And I made his mountains a waste, and his heritage for the jackals of the wilderness - o Malachi attests the first stage of fulfillment of Joel‘s prophecy (Joel 3:19, vol. i. pp. 214,215), “Edom shall be a desolate wilderness.” In temporal things, Esau‘s blessing was identical with Jacob‘s; “the fatness of the earth and of the dew of heaven from above;” and the rich soil on the terraces of its mountain-sides, though yielding nothing now except a wild…Read the comment
- Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 3hated (the opposite of loved in Malachi 1:2): Love and hate are opposite words in Old Testament legal and prophetic texts (see Deuteronomy 7:9–10; Amos 5:15). They often describe the separation caused by a broken covenant. Here, God says he rejected Esau and his descendants, the Edomites. Esau had despised and rejected a covenant relationship with the Lord (see Genesis 25:34; 26:34–35). Esau was the ancestor of the Edomite nation. His inheritance, the…Read the comment
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 33. hated--not positively, but relatively; that is, did not choose him out to be the object of gratuitous favor, as I did Jacob (compare Lu 14:26, with Mt 10:37; Ge 29:30, 31; De 21:15, 16). laid his mountains ... waste--that is, his territory which was generally mountainous. Israel was, it is true, punished by the Chaldeans, but Edom has been utterly destroyed; namely, either by Nebuchadnezzar [Rosenmuller], or by the neighboring peoples, Egypt, Ammon…Read the comment
Topics related to Malachi 1:3
In the dictionaries
Commentaries on Malachi 1
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Calvin’s Commentaries
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
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