Malachi 1:3

Malachi 1:3 in other versions

• King James Version (KJV)And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
• English Standard Version (ESV)but Esau I have hated. I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert."
• New King James Version (NKJV)But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness.”
• New Living Translation (NLT)but I rejected his brother, Esau, and devastated his hill country. I turned Esau’s inheritance into a desert for jackals.”

Context of Malachi 1:3

1A prophecy: The word of the Lord to Israel through Malachi. 2“I have loved you,” says the Lord. “But you ask, ‘How have you loved us?’ “Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?” declares the Lord. “Yet I have loved Jacob, but Esau I have hated, and I have turned his hill country into a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.” 4Edom may say, “Though we have been crushed, we will rebuild the ruins.” But this is what the Lord Almighty says: “They may build, but I will demolish. They will be called the Wicked Land, a people always under the wrath of the Lord. 5You will see it with your own eyes and say, ‘Great is the Lord—even beyond the borders of Israel!’

Malachi 1:3 word by word

וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃Read the interlinear

Words taken from the KJV.

• And I hatedשָׂנֵאώânê' · to hateH8130
• Esauעֵשָׂו‛êώâv · EsauH6215
• and laidשׂוּםώûm ώîym · to set: makeH7760
• his mountainsהַרhar · mountain: mountH2022
• and his heritageנַחֲלָהnachălâh · inheritanceH5159
• wasteשְׁמָמָהshemâmâh shimâmâh · devastationH8077
• for the dragonsתַּנָּהtannâh · dragonH8568
• of the wildernessמִדְבָּרmidbâr · wildernessH4057

Cross-references for Malachi 1:3

• Genesis 29:30Jacob made love to Rachel also, and his love for Rachel was greater than his love for Leah. And he worked for Laban another seven years.
• Deuteronomy 21:15If a man has two wives, and he loves one but not the other, and both bear him sons but the firstborn is the son of the wife he does not love,
• Luke 14:26“If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters—yes, even their own life—such a person cannot be my disciple.
• Isaiah 34:9Edom’s streams will be turned into pitch, her dust into burning sulfur; her land will become blazing pitch!
• Jeremiah 49:16The terror you inspire and the pride of your heart have deceived you, you who live in the clefts of the rocks, who occupy the heights of the hill. Though you build your nest as high as the eagle’s, from there I will bring you down,” declares the Lord.
• Ezekiel 25:13therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will stretch out my hand against Edom and kill both man and beast. I will lay it waste, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword.
• Ezekiel 36:3Therefore prophesy and say, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because they ravaged and crushed you from every side so that you became the possession of the rest of the nations and the object of people’s malicious talk and slander,
• Joel 3:19But Egypt will be desolate, Edom a desert waste, because of violence done to the people of Judah, in whose land they shed innocent blood.
• Obadiah 1:10Because of the violence against your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame; you will be destroyed forever.
• Isaiah 13:21But desert creatures will lie there, jackals will fill her houses; there the owls will dwell, and there the wild goats will leap about.
• Isaiah 34:13Thorns will overrun her citadels, nettles and brambles her strongholds. She will become a haunt for jackals, a home for owls.
• Isaiah 35:7The burning sand will become a pool, the thirsty ground bubbling springs. In the haunts where jackals once lay, grass and reeds and papyrus will grow.
• Jeremiah 9:11“I will make Jerusalem a heap of ruins, a haunt of jackals; and I will lay waste the towns of Judah so no one can live there.”
• Jeremiah 51:37Babylon will be a heap of ruins, a haunt of jackals, an object of horror and scorn, a place where no one lives.

Commentaries on Malachi 1:3

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 3And I hated Esau - I have shown him less love; Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31. I comparatively hated him by giving him an inferior lot. And now, I have not only laid waste the dwelling-place of the Edomites, by the incursions of their enemies; but ( Malachi 1:4;) they shall remain the perpetual monuments of my vengeance. On the subject of loving Jacob and hating Esau, see the notes on Genesis 27 (note), and Romans 9:13; (note). Let it be remembered, That…Read the comment
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 3And I made his mountains a waste, and his heritage for the jackals of the wilderness - o Malachi attests the first stage of fulfillment of Joel‘s prophecy (Joel 3:19, vol. i. pp. 214,215), “Edom shall be a desolate wilderness.” In temporal things, Esau‘s blessing was identical with Jacob‘s; “the fatness of the earth and of the dew of heaven from above;” and the rich soil on the terraces of its mountain-sides, though yielding nothing now except a wild…Read the comment
• Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 3hated (the opposite of loved in Malachi 1:2): Love and hate are opposite words in Old Testament legal and prophetic texts (see Deuteronomy 7:9–10; Amos 5:15). They often describe the separation caused by a broken covenant. Here, God says he rejected Esau and his descendants, the Edomites. Esau had despised and rejected a covenant relationship with the Lord (see Genesis 25:34; 26:34–35). Esau was the ancestor of the Edomite nation. His inheritance, the…Read the comment
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 33. hated--not positively, but relatively; that is, did not choose him out to be the object of gratuitous favor, as I did Jacob (compare Lu 14:26, with Mt 10:37; Ge 29:30, 31; De 21:15, 16). laid his mountains ... waste--that is, his territory which was generally mountainous. Israel was, it is true, punished by the Chaldeans, but Edom has been utterly destroyed; namely, either by Nebuchadnezzar [Rosenmuller], or by the neighboring peoples, Egypt, Ammon…Read the comment

Topics related to Malachi 1:3

• Dragon
• Edomites
• God Continued...
• Jackal
• Predestination
• Quotations and Allusions

In the dictionaries

• Esau
• Dragon
• Edom
• Malachi, Prophecies of
• Hate; Hatred
• Jackal
• Malachi
• Nabataeans; Nabathaeans
• Obadiah, Book of
• Whale

Commentaries on Malachi 1

• Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
• Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
• Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
• Tyndale Open Study Notes
• Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
• Rashi on Tanakh
• Calvin’s Commentaries
• Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
• John Wesley’s Notes
• Darby Translation Notes
• Geneva Bible Translation Notes
• Kingcomments
• Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
• Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
• Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
• Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
• Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
• EGW Writings