Christian Standard Bible
Malachi 1:3
3but I hated Esau. I turned his mountains into a wasteland, and gave his inheritance to the desert jackals.”
Malachi 1:3 in other versions
- King James Version (KJV)And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
- New International Version (NIV)but Esau I have hated, and I have turned his hill country into a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”
- English Standard Version (ESV)but Esau I have hated. I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert."
- New King James Version (NKJV)But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness.”
Context of Malachi 1:3
1A pronouncement: The word of the Lord to Israel through Malachi. 2“I have loved you,” says the Lord. Yet you ask, “How have you loved us?” “Wasn’t Esau Jacob’s brother?” This is the Lord’s declaration. “Even so, I loved Jacob, but I hated Esau. I turned his mountains into a wasteland, and gave his inheritance to the desert jackals.” 4Though Edom says, “We have been devastated, but we will rebuild the ruins,” the Lord of Armies says this: “They may build, but I will demolish. They will be called a wicked country and the people the Lord has cursed forever. 5Your own eyes will see this, and you yourselves will say, ‘The Lord is great, even beyond the borders of Israel.’
Read all of Malachi 1Malachi 1:3 word by word
וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃Read the interlinear
Words taken from the KJV.
- And I hatedשָׂנֵאώânê' · to hateH8130
- Esauעֵשָׂו‛êώâv · EsauH6215
- and laidשׂוּםώûm ώîym · to set: makeH7760
- his mountainsהַרhar · mountain: mountH2022
- and his heritageנַחֲלָהnachălâh · inheritanceH5159
- wasteשְׁמָמָהshemâmâh shimâmâh · devastationH8077
- for the dragonsתַּנָּהtannâh · dragonH8568
- of the wildernessמִדְבָּרmidbâr · wildernessH4057
Cross-references for Malachi 1:3
- Genesis 29:30Jacob slept with Rachel also, and indeed, he loved Rachel more than Leah. And he worked for Laban another seven years.
- Deuteronomy 21:15“If a man has two wives, one loved and the other neglected, and both the loved and the neglected bear him sons, and if the neglected wife has the firstborn son,
- Luke 14:26“If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters — yes, and even his own life — he cannot be my disciple.
- Isaiah 34:9Edom’s streams will be turned into pitch, her soil into sulfur; her land will become burning pitch.
- Jeremiah 49:16As to the terror you cause, your arrogant heart has deceived you. You who live in the clefts of the rock, you who occupy the mountain summit, though you elevate your nest like the eagles, even from there I will bring you down. This is the Lord’s declaration.
- Ezekiel 25:13therefore this is what the Lord God says: I will stretch out my hand against Edom and cut off both people and animals from it. I will make it a wasteland; they will fall by the sword from Teman to Dedan.
- Ezekiel 36:3therefore, prophesy and say, ‘This is what the Lord God says: Because they have made you desolate and have trampled you from every side, so that you became a possession for the rest of the nations and an object of people’s gossip and slander,
- Joel 3:19Egypt will become desolate, and Edom a desert wasteland, because of the violence done to the people of Judah in whose land they shed innocent blood.
- Obadiah 1:10You will be covered with shame and destroyed forever because of violence done to your brother Jacob.
- Isaiah 13:21But desert creatures will lie down there, and owls will fill the houses. Ostriches will dwell there, and wild goats will leap about.
- Isaiah 34:13Her palaces will be overgrown with thorns; her fortified cities, with thistles and briers. She will become a dwelling for jackals, an abode for ostriches.
- Isaiah 35:7the parched ground will become a pool, and the thirsty land, springs. In the haunt of jackals, in their lairs, there will be grass, reeds, and papyrus.
- Jeremiah 9:11I will make Jerusalem a heap of rubble, a jackals’ den. I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, an uninhabited place.
- Jeremiah 51:37Babylon will become a heap of rubble, a jackals’ den, a desolation and an object of scorn, without inhabitant.
Commentaries on Malachi 1:3
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary · v. 3And I hated Esau - I have shown him less love; Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31. I comparatively hated him by giving him an inferior lot. And now, I have not only laid waste the dwelling-place of the Edomites, by the incursions of their enemies; but ( Malachi 1:4;) they shall remain the perpetual monuments of my vengeance. On the subject of loving Jacob and hating Esau, see the notes on Genesis 27 (note), and Romans 9:13; (note). Let it be remembered, That…Read the comment
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible · v. 3And I made his mountains a waste, and his heritage for the jackals of the wilderness - o Malachi attests the first stage of fulfillment of Joel‘s prophecy (Joel 3:19, vol. i. pp. 214,215), “Edom shall be a desolate wilderness.” In temporal things, Esau‘s blessing was identical with Jacob‘s; “the fatness of the earth and of the dew of heaven from above;” and the rich soil on the terraces of its mountain-sides, though yielding nothing now except a wild…Read the comment
- Tyndale Open Study Notes · v. 3hated (the opposite of loved in Malachi 1:2): Love and hate are opposite words in Old Testament legal and prophetic texts (see Deuteronomy 7:9–10; Amos 5:15). They often describe the separation caused by a broken covenant. Here, God says he rejected Esau and his descendants, the Edomites. Esau had despised and rejected a covenant relationship with the Lord (see Genesis 25:34; 26:34–35). Esau was the ancestor of the Edomite nation. His inheritance, the…Read the comment
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary · v. 33. hated--not positively, but relatively; that is, did not choose him out to be the object of gratuitous favor, as I did Jacob (compare Lu 14:26, with Mt 10:37; Ge 29:30, 31; De 21:15, 16). laid his mountains ... waste--that is, his territory which was generally mountainous. Israel was, it is true, punished by the Chaldeans, but Edom has been utterly destroyed; namely, either by Nebuchadnezzar [Rosenmuller], or by the neighboring peoples, Egypt, Ammon…Read the comment
Topics related to Malachi 1:3
In the dictionaries
Commentaries on Malachi 1
- Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
- Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
- Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
- Tyndale Open Study Notes
- Jamieson–Fausset–Brown Commentary
- Rashi on Tanakh
- Calvin’s Commentaries
- Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
- John Wesley’s Notes
- Darby Translation Notes
- Geneva Bible Translation Notes
- Kingcomments
- Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
- Matthew Henry’s Modern English Commentary
- Scofield Reference Notes, 1917 Edition
- Original Douay–Rheims Annotations
- Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
- EGW Writings
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