Strong G1097γινώσκω
to know
- Transliteration
- ginōskō
- Pronunciation
- ghin-oce'-ko
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
A prolonged form of a primary verb; to know (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as shown at left with others not thus clearly expressed): - allow be aware (of) feel (have) known (-ledge) perceive be resolved can speak be sure understand.
Detailed definition
γινώσκω (= γιγν-: see previous word. So also vulgar Attic, in Inscr., see Thumb, MGV, 207),
[in LXX chiefly for ידע;]
to be taking in knowledge, come to know, recognize, perceive, understand; in past tenses to know, realize; pass., to become known: with accusative, Mat.22:18, Mrk.5:43, Col.4:8, 1Th.3:5, al. Pass., Mat.10:26, Php.4:5, al.; before ὅτι, Mat.21:45, Jhn.4:1, al.; τί, Mat.6:3; ἀπό, Mrk.15:45; ὅ, Rom.7:15; τ. λεγόμενα, Luk.18:34; τ. θέλημα, Luk.12:47; τ. καρδίας, Luk.16:15; with accusative of person(s), of recognition by God, 1Co.8:3, Gal.4:9; by Christ, neg., Mat.7:23; frequently of the knowledge of divine things, of God and Christ; τ. θεόν, Rom.1:21 Gal.4:9; τ. πατέρα, Jhn.8:55; τ. κύριον, Heb.8:1 (LXX); νοῦν κυρίου, Rom.11:34; Χριστόν, Jhn.17:3, 1Jn.3:6; τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος, 1Co.2:14; τ. πνεύμα, 1Jn.4:6; τ. ἀλήθειαν, Jhn.8:32; of Christ's knowledge of the Father (ἐπιγ.), Mat.11:27 (Dalman, Words, 282ff.). In Hellenistic writers [LXX for Heb. ידע, Gal.4:1, al.], of sexual intercourse, to know carnally: Mat.1:25, Luk.1:34 (Cremer, 153).
SYN.: γ., to know by observation and experience is thus prop. disting. from οἶδα, to know by reflection (a mental process, based on intuition or information); cf. also ἐφίστημι, συνίημι. (Cf. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, προ-γινώσκω.) (AS)
[in LXX chiefly for ידע;]
to be taking in knowledge, come to know, recognize, perceive, understand; in past tenses to know, realize; pass., to become known: with accusative, Mat.22:18, Mrk.5:43, Col.4:8, 1Th.3:5, al. Pass., Mat.10:26, Php.4:5, al.; before ὅτι, Mat.21:45, Jhn.4:1, al.; τί, Mat.6:3; ἀπό, Mrk.15:45; ὅ, Rom.7:15; τ. λεγόμενα, Luk.18:34; τ. θέλημα, Luk.12:47; τ. καρδίας, Luk.16:15; with accusative of person(s), of recognition by God, 1Co.8:3, Gal.4:9; by Christ, neg., Mat.7:23; frequently of the knowledge of divine things, of God and Christ; τ. θεόν, Rom.1:21 Gal.4:9; τ. πατέρα, Jhn.8:55; τ. κύριον, Heb.8:1 (LXX); νοῦν κυρίου, Rom.11:34; Χριστόν, Jhn.17:3, 1Jn.3:6; τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος, 1Co.2:14; τ. πνεύμα, 1Jn.4:6; τ. ἀλήθειαν, Jhn.8:32; of Christ's knowledge of the Father (ἐπιγ.), Mat.11:27 (Dalman, Words, 282ff.). In Hellenistic writers [LXX for Heb. ידע, Gal.4:1, al.], of sexual intercourse, to know carnally: Mat.1:25, Luk.1:34 (Cremer, 153).
SYN.: γ., to know by observation and experience is thus prop. disting. from οἶδα, to know by reflection (a mental process, based on intuition or information); cf. also ἐφίστημι, συνίημι. (Cf. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, προ-γινώσκω.) (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G1097 appears in 208 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- know163
- knoweth16
- perceive9
- understand7
- have5
- ye5
- knowest4
- shall4
- thou4
- be3
- let3
- aware2
First verses
- Matthew 1:25And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.
- Matthew 6:3But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth:
- Matthew 7:23And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.
- Matthew 9:30And their eyes were opened; and Jesus straitly charged them, saying, See that no man know it.
- Matthew 10:26Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known.
- Matthew 12:7But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.
- Matthew 12:15But when Jesus knew it, he withdrew himself from thence: and great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all;
- Matthew 12:33Either make the tree good, and his fruit good; or else make the tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: for the tree is known by his fruit.
- Matthew 13:11He answered and said unto them, Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given.
- Matthew 16:3And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky is red and lowring. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times?
- Matthew 16:8Which when Jesus perceived, he said unto them, O ye of little faith, why reason ye among yourselves, because ye have brought no bread?
- Matthew 21:45And when the chief priests and Pharisees had heard his parables, they perceived that he spake of them.
- Matthew 22:18But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites?
- Matthew 24:32Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When his branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh:
- Matthew 24:33So likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is near, even at the doors.
- Matthew 24:39And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.
- Matthew 24:43But know this, that if the goodman of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken up.
- Matthew 24:50The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of,
- Matthew 25:24Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed:
- Matthew 26:10When Jesus understood it, he said unto them, Why trouble ye the woman? for she hath wrought a good work upon me.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- καρδιογνώστηςheart-knowerG2589
- νοῦςmindG3563
- γνώστηςexpert inG1109
- γνωρίζωto make knownG1107
- ὄνομαnameG3686
- διαγινώσκωto decideG1231
- ἀναγινώσκωto readG314
- προγινώσκωto know/chooseG4267
- γνώμηresolutionG1106
- συγγνώμηconcessionG4774
- γνῶσιςknowledgeG1108
- καταγινώσκωto condemnG2607
- γνωστός, γνώριμοςacquainted withG1110
- ἐπιγινώσκωto come to knowG1921
Detailed Greek dictionary
Included with: γιγνώσκω,
Doric dialect [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 9, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.97))], Aeolic dialect, Ionic dialect, and after [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus)] γινώσκω, but γιγνώσκω in early Attic dialect Inscrr., as [Refs (“IG” 12.127.19)] (κατα-), etc.: future γνώσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.497, etc.)], Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular γνωσεῖται [Refs (Callias Epigrammaticus “Lav. Pall.” 123 (γνώσω)] is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Steril.” 215))]; Cretan dialect form ἀνα-γνώοντι uncertain in [Refs (“GDI” 5075 (for _aorist_ 1, see at {ἀναγιγνώσκω}))]: perfect ἔγνωκα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.287, etc.)]: aorist 2 ἔγνων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.72, etc.)], Epic dialect dual γνώτην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.36)], Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔγνον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.120; _imperative_ γνῶθι 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus [264], etc.)]; subjunctive γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.411, etc.)], Epic dialect also γνώω, γνώομεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.304, γνώωσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.610; _optative_ γνοίην 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.125, etc.; _plural_ γνοῖμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.129a)]; infinitive γνῶναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.312, etc.)], Epic dialect γνώμεναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.266)]; participle γνούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 731, etc.)]:—middle, aorist 1 γνώσασθαι [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 2.51)]:—passive, future γνωσθήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 918, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.124, etc.)]: aorist ἐγνώσθην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 7 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 852, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65)]: perfect ἔγνωσμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1287, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.38)]:— come to know, perceive, and in past tenses, know, with accusative, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.272, etc.)]; as distinct from οἶδα know by reflection, γιγνώσκω, = know by observation, γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.69; ἐγὼ δ᾽ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι γιγνώσκετε τοῦτον ἅπαντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.276)]; χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή it is hard to perceive whether one knows or not, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Anthologia Graeca” 0.76a26)]; discern, distinguish, recognize, ὄφρ᾽ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.128; ἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων by his shield, [prev. work] 182)]; ironically, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται he will learn him to his cost,[Refs 3rd c.BC+ (18.270; νῦν ἔγνων τὸν Ἔρωτα 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.15: sometimes with _genitive_, γνώτην ἀλλήλων)] were aware of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.36, compare 23.109.)]
2 followed by relative clauses, γιγνώσκω δ᾽ ὡς.. I perceive that..,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (21.209; ἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.10; ἔγνωκας ὡς οὐδὲν λέγεις 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1095)]; γ. ὅτι.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 108, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 104, 379, etc.)]; ἵν᾽ εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.143; γνώμεναι εἴ μιν.. φοβέουσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.266; γ. τί πέπονθε πάθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 60d: with _accusative_ and _relative_ clause, Τυδείδην δ᾽ οὐκ ἂν γνοίης, ποτέροισι μετείη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.85; γ. θεοὺς οἵτινές εἰσι 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 5; Σωκράτην γ. οἷος ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.8.11)]; τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyr.” 2.1.11; also ἀλλοτρίας γῆς γ. ὅτι δύναται φέρειν [prev. author] “Oec.” 16.3: with)]participle, ἔγνων μιν.. οἰωνὸν ἐόντα perceived that he was.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.532; γνόντες οὐδεμίαν σφίσι τιμωρίαν οὖσαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.25; ἔγνωκα.. ἠπατημένη 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 807)]; ἔγνων ἡττημένος I felt that I was beaten, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 658; χρυσῷ πάττων μ᾽ οὐ γιγνώσκεις [prev. author] “Nu.” 912, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.33, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.17: with _genitive_, ὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο)] when he was aware of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.357, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27a)]: with infinitive, ἵνα γνῷ τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχεστέραν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1089)]: with accusative et infinitive, recognize that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.43, etc.)]; take a thing to mean that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.78)]: with double accusative, perceive or know another to be.., οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.4: _absolutely_, ὁ γιγνώσκων)] the perceiver, opposed to τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα the objects perceived, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 508e)]; also ὁ γ. one who knows, a prudent person, [Refs ([prev. work] 347d)]:—passive, εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ.. if it were known of them in what.., [Refs ([prev. author] “Prt.” 342b.)]
II form a judgement, think, ταὐτά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.2; τἀναντία τούτοις γ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.38; οὕτω γ. [prev. author] “An.” 6.1.19; τὰ δίκαια γ. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.2)]; ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν (={τὴν γνώμην λ}.) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.1; περὶ τῆς βοηθείας ταῦτα γιγνώσκω [prev. author] 1.19)]; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 572, compare 648; ὡς ἐμοῦ ἀγωνιουμένου οὕτω γίγνωσκε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.15: _absolutely_, αὐτὸς γνώσῃ)] see thou to that, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 505c)]; especially in dialogue, ἔγνων I understand, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 36)]; ἔγνως you are right, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Tr.” 1221, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 883)]; ἔγνωκα; Latin tenes? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Nausicrates Comicus 1.5)]; judge, determine, decree that.., with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.74, 6.85, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 17.16)]: with infinitive, determine to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.107)]:— passive, to be pronounced, of a sentence or judgement, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.36; παρανόμως γνωσθεῖσα δίαιτα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.33, compare 59.47; κρίσις ἐγνωσμένη ὑπό τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.30.)]
II.2 passive, of persons, to be judged guilty, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 7; γνωσθέντα ζημιοῦσιν οἱ νόμοι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1431b30; τεθνάτω ἐὰν γνωσθῇ, ἐὰν δὲ φυγὴ γνωσθῇ, φευγέτω “IG” 12.10.29.)]
II.3 perfect passive with active sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are determined, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.228 (sed to be read ἡμᾶς).)]
III know carnally, [NT+4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 558.5, 4th c.AD: Heraclides Historicus “περὶ πολιτειῶν - fragment” 64, LXX.Gen.4.1, +others, NT.Matt.1.25, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Galba” 9, etc.)]
IV γ. χάριν, ={εἰδέναι χάριν}, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 39.9.)]
B causal, make known, celebrate, γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.3 _accusative_ to Scholia (at [prev. work]), see uncertain (Root γνω-)], cf. Sanskrit jānāmi, jñātas, Latin gnosco, gnotus, etc.)
Doric dialect [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 9, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.97))], Aeolic dialect, Ionic dialect, and after [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus)] γινώσκω, but γιγνώσκω in early Attic dialect Inscrr., as [Refs (“IG” 12.127.19)] (κατα-), etc.: future γνώσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.497, etc.)], Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular γνωσεῖται [Refs (Callias Epigrammaticus “Lav. Pall.” 123 (γνώσω)] is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Steril.” 215))]; Cretan dialect form ἀνα-γνώοντι uncertain in [Refs (“GDI” 5075 (for _aorist_ 1, see at {ἀναγιγνώσκω}))]: perfect ἔγνωκα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.287, etc.)]: aorist 2 ἔγνων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.72, etc.)], Epic dialect dual γνώτην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.36)], Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔγνον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.120; _imperative_ γνῶθι 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus [264], etc.)]; subjunctive γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.411, etc.)], Epic dialect also γνώω, γνώομεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.304, γνώωσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.610; _optative_ γνοίην 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.125, etc.; _plural_ γνοῖμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.129a)]; infinitive γνῶναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.312, etc.)], Epic dialect γνώμεναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.266)]; participle γνούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 731, etc.)]:—middle, aorist 1 γνώσασθαι [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 2.51)]:—passive, future γνωσθήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 918, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.124, etc.)]: aorist ἐγνώσθην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 7 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 852, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65)]: perfect ἔγνωσμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1287, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.38)]:— come to know, perceive, and in past tenses, know, with accusative, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.272, etc.)]; as distinct from οἶδα know by reflection, γιγνώσκω, = know by observation, γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.69; ἐγὼ δ᾽ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι γιγνώσκετε τοῦτον ἅπαντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.276)]; χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή it is hard to perceive whether one knows or not, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Anthologia Graeca” 0.76a26)]; discern, distinguish, recognize, ὄφρ᾽ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.128; ἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων by his shield, [prev. work] 182)]; ironically, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται he will learn him to his cost,[Refs 3rd c.BC+ (18.270; νῦν ἔγνων τὸν Ἔρωτα 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.15: sometimes with _genitive_, γνώτην ἀλλήλων)] were aware of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.36, compare 23.109.)]
2 followed by relative clauses, γιγνώσκω δ᾽ ὡς.. I perceive that..,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (21.209; ἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.10; ἔγνωκας ὡς οὐδὲν λέγεις 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1095)]; γ. ὅτι.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 108, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 104, 379, etc.)]; ἵν᾽ εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.143; γνώμεναι εἴ μιν.. φοβέουσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.266; γ. τί πέπονθε πάθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 60d: with _accusative_ and _relative_ clause, Τυδείδην δ᾽ οὐκ ἂν γνοίης, ποτέροισι μετείη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.85; γ. θεοὺς οἵτινές εἰσι 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 5; Σωκράτην γ. οἷος ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.8.11)]; τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyr.” 2.1.11; also ἀλλοτρίας γῆς γ. ὅτι δύναται φέρειν [prev. author] “Oec.” 16.3: with)]participle, ἔγνων μιν.. οἰωνὸν ἐόντα perceived that he was.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.532; γνόντες οὐδεμίαν σφίσι τιμωρίαν οὖσαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.25; ἔγνωκα.. ἠπατημένη 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 807)]; ἔγνων ἡττημένος I felt that I was beaten, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 658; χρυσῷ πάττων μ᾽ οὐ γιγνώσκεις [prev. author] “Nu.” 912, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.33, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.17: with _genitive_, ὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο)] when he was aware of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.357, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27a)]: with infinitive, ἵνα γνῷ τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχεστέραν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1089)]: with accusative et infinitive, recognize that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.43, etc.)]; take a thing to mean that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.78)]: with double accusative, perceive or know another to be.., οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.4: _absolutely_, ὁ γιγνώσκων)] the perceiver, opposed to τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα the objects perceived, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 508e)]; also ὁ γ. one who knows, a prudent person, [Refs ([prev. work] 347d)]:—passive, εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ.. if it were known of them in what.., [Refs ([prev. author] “Prt.” 342b.)]
II form a judgement, think, ταὐτά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.2; τἀναντία τούτοις γ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.38; οὕτω γ. [prev. author] “An.” 6.1.19; τὰ δίκαια γ. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.2)]; ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν (={τὴν γνώμην λ}.) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.1; περὶ τῆς βοηθείας ταῦτα γιγνώσκω [prev. author] 1.19)]; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 572, compare 648; ὡς ἐμοῦ ἀγωνιουμένου οὕτω γίγνωσκε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.15: _absolutely_, αὐτὸς γνώσῃ)] see thou to that, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 505c)]; especially in dialogue, ἔγνων I understand, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 36)]; ἔγνως you are right, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Tr.” 1221, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 883)]; ἔγνωκα; Latin tenes? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Nausicrates Comicus 1.5)]; judge, determine, decree that.., with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.74, 6.85, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 17.16)]: with infinitive, determine to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.107)]:— passive, to be pronounced, of a sentence or judgement, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.36; παρανόμως γνωσθεῖσα δίαιτα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.33, compare 59.47; κρίσις ἐγνωσμένη ὑπό τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.30.)]
II.2 passive, of persons, to be judged guilty, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 7; γνωσθέντα ζημιοῦσιν οἱ νόμοι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1431b30; τεθνάτω ἐὰν γνωσθῇ, ἐὰν δὲ φυγὴ γνωσθῇ, φευγέτω “IG” 12.10.29.)]
II.3 perfect passive with active sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are determined, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.228 (sed to be read ἡμᾶς).)]
III know carnally, [NT+4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 558.5, 4th c.AD: Heraclides Historicus “περὶ πολιτειῶν - fragment” 64, LXX.Gen.4.1, +others, NT.Matt.1.25, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Galba” 9, etc.)]
IV γ. χάριν, ={εἰδέναι χάριν}, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 39.9.)]
B causal, make known, celebrate, γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.3 _accusative_ to Scholia (at [prev. work]), see uncertain (Root γνω-)], cf. Sanskrit jānāmi, jñātas, Latin gnosco, gnotus, etc.)