Strong G5590G5590Jψυχή
âme : personne
L’un des 5 sens de Strong G5590
- Translittération
- psuchē
- Prononciation
- psoo-khay'
- Morphologie
- nom grec (féminin)
Définition
- le souffle.
- le souffle de vie.
- la force vitale qui anime le corps et se montre dans la respiration.
- des animaux.
- des hommes.
- la vie.
- ce dans quoi se trouve la vie.
- un être vivant, une âme vivante.
- l'âme.
- le siège des sentiments, désirs, affections, aversions (notre cœur, notre âme etc.).
- l'âme (humaine) pour autant qu'elle soit constituée par le bon usage de l'aide qui lui est offerte par Dieu pour atteindre les buts les plus hauts, et s'assurer une bénédiction éternelle, l'âme considérée comme un être moral destiné à la vie éternelle.
- l'âme comme essence qui diffère du corps et n'est pas détruite par la mort, contrairement aux autres parties du corps.
Définition détaillée
ψυχή, -ῆς, ἡ,
[dans la LXX, très fréquemment pour נֶפֶשׁ, parfois pour לֵבַב,לֵב, etc. ;]
1. souffle (lat. anima), souffle de vie, vie (Hom., al. ; chez Arist., à propos du principe vital) : Mat.6:25, Mrk.3:4 10:45, Luk.12:22, Jhn.10:11, Act.20:10, 24 2Co.1:23, Php.2:30, 1Th.2:8, al.
2. l’âme,
__(a) comme siège de la volonté, des désirs et des affections: Mat.26:38, Mrk.12:30" (LXX) 14:34, Luk.1:46, Jhn.10:24, Act.14:2, Php.1:27, al. ; ἐκ ψυχῆς, du fond du cœur, de tout cœur: Eph.6:6, Col.3:23 ;
__(b) comme périphrase désignant la personne ou soi-même (fréquemment dans la traduction d’originaux sémitiques, voir M, Pr., 87 ; Robinson, Évangiles, 113ff. ; mais aussi fréquemment chez les auteurs classiques, voir LS, voir le mot II, 2 ; Edwards, Lex., App. A.) : Mat.11:29, Mrk.8:36, Act.2:41, Rom.2:9, 1Pe.3:20, al. ; πᾶσα ψ., Act.2:43 3:23" (LXX), Rom.13:1 ; ψ. ζῶσα (ζωῆς), 1Co.15:45, Rev.16:3 ;
__(lorsqu’elle est) l’objet de la grâce divine et du salut éternel: Heb.13:17, Jas.1:21 5:20, 1Pe.1:9, 22 2:11 4:19, 3Jo.2.
SYN.: voir : νοῦς, πνεῦμα, ψυχικός, et cf. ICC sur 1Th.5:23, Lft., Notes, 88f. (AS)
[dans la LXX, très fréquemment pour נֶפֶשׁ, parfois pour לֵבַב,לֵב, etc. ;]
1. souffle (lat. anima), souffle de vie, vie (Hom., al. ; chez Arist., à propos du principe vital) : Mat.6:25, Mrk.3:4 10:45, Luk.12:22, Jhn.10:11, Act.20:10, 24 2Co.1:23, Php.2:30, 1Th.2:8, al.
2. l’âme,
__(a) comme siège de la volonté, des désirs et des affections: Mat.26:38, Mrk.12:30" (LXX) 14:34, Luk.1:46, Jhn.10:24, Act.14:2, Php.1:27, al. ; ἐκ ψυχῆς, du fond du cœur, de tout cœur: Eph.6:6, Col.3:23 ;
__(b) comme périphrase désignant la personne ou soi-même (fréquemment dans la traduction d’originaux sémitiques, voir M, Pr., 87 ; Robinson, Évangiles, 113ff. ; mais aussi fréquemment chez les auteurs classiques, voir LS, voir le mot II, 2 ; Edwards, Lex., App. A.) : Mat.11:29, Mrk.8:36, Act.2:41, Rom.2:9, 1Pe.3:20, al. ; πᾶσα ψ., Act.2:43 3:23" (LXX), Rom.13:1 ; ψ. ζῶσα (ζωῆς), 1Co.15:45, Rev.16:3 ;
__(lorsqu’elle est) l’objet de la grâce divine et du salut éternel: Heb.13:17, Jas.1:21 5:20, 1Pe.1:9, 22 2:11 4:19, 3Jo.2.
SYN.: voir : νοῦς, πνεῦμα, ψυχικός, et cf. ICC sur 1Th.5:23, Lft., Notes, 88f. (AS)
Dans la Bible
Strong G5590J apparaît dans 9 versets de la LSG.
Traduit dans la LSG par
- personne4
- âme3
- chacun1
- souffle1
Premiers versets
- Actes 2:41Ceux qui acceptèrent sa parole furent baptisés ; et, en ce jour-là, le nombre des disciples s’augmenta d’environ trois mille âmes.
- Actes 2:43La crainte s’emparait de chacun, et il se faisait beaucoup de prodiges et de miracles par les apôtres.
- Actes 3:23et quiconque n’écoutera pas ce prophète sera exterminé du milieu du peuple.
- Actes 7:14Puis Joseph envoya chercher son père Jacob, et toute sa famille, composée de soixante-quinze personnes.
- Actes 27:37Nous étions, dans le navire, deux cent soixante-seize personnes en tout.
- Romains 2:9Tribulation et angoisse sur toute âme d’homme qui fait le mal, sur le Juif premièrement, puis sur le Grec !
- Romains 13:1Que toute personne soit soumise aux autorités supérieures ; car il n’y a point d’autorité qui ne vienne de Dieu, et les autorités qui existent ont été instituées de Dieu.
- 1 Pierre 3:20qui autrefois avaient été incrédules, lorsque la patience de Dieu se prolongeait, aux jours de Noé, pendant la construction de l’arche, dans laquelle un petit nombre de personnes, c’est-à-dire, huit, furent sauvées à travers l’eau.
- Apocalypse 18:13de cinnamome, d’aromates, de parfums, de myrrhe, d’encens, de vin, d’huile, de fine farine, de blé, de bœufs, de brebis, de chevaux, de chars, de corps et d’âmes d’hommes.
Répartition par livre
Mots liés
Famille de mots
Dictionnaire grec détaillé
ψῡχ-ή, ἡ,
vie, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.296, etc.; ψ. τεκαὶ αἰών 16.453, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.523; θυμοῦ καὶ ψ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.334, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.154; λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.325)]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι au péril de leur vie, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.74, 9.255; αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψ. παραβαλλόμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.322)]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων par ta vie,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (22.338; so ἀντὶ ψ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1326: but περὶ ψ.)] pour sauver leur vie, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.423; περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 22.245; περὶ ψ. θέον Ἕκτορος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.161; τρέχων περὶ τῆς ψ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.37; τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 115, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 946, “Heracl.” 984; περὶ ψ. κινδυνεύων 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.1.4, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.50; ἁγὼν.. σῆς ψ. πέρι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1492, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1330, “Or.” 847, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.44; τὸν περὶ ψ. δρόμον δραμεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 375 (Lyric poetry); ἀγωνίζεσθαι περὶ τῆς ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.19)]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] en échange de la vie, [NT+7th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 85; τῆς ψ. πρίασθαί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.36; τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψ. αὐτο; NT.Mark.8.37. In early poets: ψυχὰν ἀποπνεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 52; ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 23; ψυχέων φειδόμενοι 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.14; θειδωλὴν ψ. θέμενος 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 13.46; ψυχῆς εἵνεκα καὶ βιότου 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 730; ψυχὰν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 1.68; ψυχὰς βαλον [prev. author] “O.” 8.39; χαλκῷ ἀπὸ ψυχὴν ἀρύσας 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 138; τοὐμὸν ἐκπίνουσ᾽ ἀεὶ ψυχῆς ἄκρατον αἷμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 786)]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 775; τὴν ψ. ἐκπίνουσιν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 712 (_anapaest meter_); ψ. ἀφήσω 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1171; ψ. σέθεν ἔκτεινε [prev. author] “Tr.” 1214; ψ. παραιτέεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.24)]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction pour la vie de [NT+5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus, [prev. author] 2.134; ψυχῆς ἀποστερῆσαί τινα 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.1.6, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.136, etc.; τὴν ψ. ἢ τὴν οὐσίαν ἢ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τινὸς ἀφελόμενος 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.88; τὸ τῆς ψ. ἀπαιτηθεὶς χρέος LXX.Wis.15. 8, cf. NT.Luke.12.20; ζητοῦσι τὴν ψ. μου LXX.1Ki.19.10, cf. NT.Matt.2.20; τὴν ψ. αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων NT.John.10.11, etc.)]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ à un cheveu de sa vie, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.3:)] — l’expression ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα risquant sa vie, est probablement une falsa lectio dans [LXX+4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Xenarchus Comicus 4.20; ἡ ψ. μου ἐν ταῖς χερσί [σου] διὰ πάντος LXX.Psa.118(119).109, cf. LXX.1Ki.19.5, 28.21, +others)]; de la vie chez les animaux, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.426, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 173, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 1.47, etc.; τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα, ὅσα ψ. ἔχει 5th c.BC: Anaxagoras Philosophus 4, compare 12; πάντων τῶν ζῴων ἡ ψ. τὸ αὐτό, ἀήρ 4th c.BC: Diogenes Cynicus Philosophus Apoll.5 (compare infr. IV. 1))]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (à propos de l’incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 172; [ἑρπετὸν] ὃ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ψ. ζωῆς LXX.Gen.1.30)]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX (LXX.Lev.17.11, cf. LXX.Deu.12.23.)]
2 métaphoriquement, à propos de choses chères comme la vie, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 686; πᾶσι δ᾽ ἀνθρώποις ἄρ᾽ ἦν ψ. τέκν᾽ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 419; τἀργύριόν ἐστιν αἷμα καὶ ψ. βροτοῖς 4th c.BC: Timocles Comicus 35)]; ainsi comme terme affectueux, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 1.8, +others; ζωὴ καὶ ψ. 1st c.AD: Juvenalis, D. Junius Poeta Latinus 6.195; ψ. μου 1st c.AD: Martialis Epigrammaticus Latinus 10.68.)]
II chez [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], esprit défunt, fantôme (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Apollodorus Damascenus Mechanicus Hist. “fragment” 102(a) 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus); ψ. Πατροκλῆος.. πάντ᾽ αὐτῷ.. ἐϊκυῖα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.65: frequently in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11, ψ. Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀχιλῆος, etc., 387, 467, +others)]; ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.104, compare 72, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.14; ψ. κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.100)]; ψυχὰς ἡρώων, opposé à αὐτούς,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (1.3, compare 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 151; ψυχαὶ δ᾽ Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.330; ψ. δὲ κατ᾽ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ᾽ ἐπειγομένη 14.518)]; parfois à peine distinct du sens[Refs (1, ἅμα ψ. τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ᾽ αἰχμήν 16.505)]; dans les évanouissements, il quitte le corps, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs (5.696)]; de même chez les auteurs plus tardifs (rarement dans la tragédie), σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.21)]; ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 4.159, compare “N.” 8.44; αἱ ψ. ὀσμῶνται καθ᾽ Ἅιδην 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 98; πέμψατ᾽ ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 630 (_anapaest meter_); ποτωμένην ψ. ὑπὲρ σοῦ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 676, compare “fragment” 912.9 (_anapaest meter_); τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψ., αἷς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν αὑτῶν ἐκγόνων κήδεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 927b)]; ψ. σοφαί, peut-être « fantômes sages », [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 94; δὶς ἀποθανουμένη ψ. Anonymus cited in 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.236d.)]
III l’âme immatérielle et immortelle, d’abord chez Pindare, ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“fragment” 133, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 81b; εἰπόντες ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψ. ἀθάνατός ἐστι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.123; ἀγένητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 246a, compare “Phd.” 70c, +others; ἀθάνατος ἡμῶν ἡ ψ. καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπόλλυται [prev. author] “R.” 608d; ἁψ. τῷ σώματι συνέζευκται καὶ καθάπερ ἐν σάματι τέθαπται 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 14, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 400c: hence frequently opposed to σῶμα, ψ. καὶ σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.5, compare “An.” 3.2.20; ψ. ἢ σῶμα ἢ συναμφότερον, τὸ ὅλον τοῦτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.130a; εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψ. ἀφικνεῖται καὶ ἐκ θηρίου.. πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον [prev. author] “Phdr.” 249b; κατὰ τοὺς Πυθαγορικοὺς μύθους τὴν τυχοῦσαν ψ. εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδύεσθαι σῶμα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 407b22; οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπείσθην, ὡς ἡ ψ., ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν θνητῷ σώματι ᾖ, ζῇ, ὅταν δὲ τούτου ἀπαλλαγῇ, τέθνηκεν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.19; ἀνθρώπου γε ψ., ἣ τοῦ θείου μετέχει,.. ὁρᾶται δ᾽ οὐδ᾽ αὐτή [prev. author] “Mem.” 4.3.14, compare “Cyr.” 8.7.17)]; αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.945 (5th c.BC))]; ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 32 f. 1; ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ψ., ζῷον ἀθάνατον ἐν θνητῷ καθειργμένον φρουρίῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Axiochus” 365e.)]
IV le soi conscient ou la personnalité, comme centre des émotions, des désirs et des affections, χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.39; μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ᾽ ἄκαμπτος [prev. author] “I.” 4(3).53(71); ἐνίους τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 6.16; θνητοῦ σώματος ἔτυχες, πειρῶ τῆς ψ. ἀθάνατον μνήμην καταλιπεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.37; opposed to material blessings, κτεάνων ψ. ἔχοντες κρέσσονας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.32; μήτε σωμάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μήτε χρημάτων.. οὕτω σφόδρα ὡς τῆς ψ. ὅπως ὡς ἀρίστη ἔσται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 30b, compare 29e)]: d’où, considéré abstraitement, τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ᾽ εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 959a; ἡ ψ. ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος [prev. author] Alcaeus1.130c; οὐδὲ νῦν τήν γ ἐμὴν ψ. ἑωρᾶτε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.17, compare above 111: sometimes, therefore, distinguished from oneself, ψ. γὰρ ηὔδα πολλά μοι μυθουμένη 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 227; ἡ ψ. μου πεπότηται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 319 (_anapaest meter_); τί ποτ᾽ ἔστι μαθεῖν ἔραται ψ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 173 (_anapaest meter_); ἄλλο τι βουλομένη ἑκατέρου ἡ ψ. δήλη ἐστίν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 192c)]; οἴμοι ψυχή malheur à moi ! [LXX (LXX.Mic.7.1)]; καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψ. μου, « ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθά » [NT (NT.Luke.12.19)]; dans des périphrases, ψ. Ὀρέστου, ={Ὀρέστης}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1127, +others: but τὴν Φιλοκτήτου ψ. ἐκκλέψεις)] ses facultés, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 55; ἡ δ᾽ ἐμὴ ψ. τέθνηκεν [prev. author] “Ant.” 559, compare “OC” 999)]; ainsi ψυχαί absolument, ={ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα} [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1457 (Lyric poetry))]; ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον beaucoup d’âmes périrent, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 864; πᾶσαι αἱ ψ., υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες λ γ LXX.Gen.46.15, cf. LXX.Exo.12.4, +others; [κιβωτὸς] εἰς ἣν ὀλίγοι, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν ὀκτὼ ψ., διεσώθησαν NT.1Pet.3.20. In apostrophe, μή, φίλα ψ. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.61; ὦ μελέα ψ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 712 (Lyric poetry); ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.3.8)]; à propos de personnes, ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 496b (compare μεγαλόψυχος))]; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα la créature, [NT+4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 28.2; πάσῃ ψ. τετελευτηκυίᾳ LXX.Num.6.6, 11; πᾶσα ψ. ὑποτασσέσθω NT.Rom.13.1, etc.)] : généralement, être, ψυχὴ ζῶσα créature vivante, [LXX (LXX.Gen.1.24, compare 20 (_plural_).)]
IV.2 de divers aspects du soi, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) cœur endurant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.48; διεπειρᾶτο αὐτοῦ τῆς ψ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.14, ἦν ηὰρ.. ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος)] sans courage, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 5.124; ψυχὴν ἄριστε πάντων 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 457; καρτερὰν ψ. λαβεῖν [prev. author] “Ach.” 393; κράτιστοι ἂν τὴν ψ. κριθεῖεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40; τοῖς σώμασι δύνανται τὰς δὲ ψ. οὐκ ἔχουσιν 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.29; ὁ γὰρ᾽ λόγχην ἀκονῶν καὶ τὴν ψ. τι παρακονᾷ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.33, compare “Oec.” 21.3.)]
IV.3 du soi émotionnel, ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 505, compare 527 (Lyric poetry); πάνυ μου ἡ ψ. ἐπεθύμει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 6.14; τίνα ποτὲ ψ. ἔχω; 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 32.12)]; τίν᾽ οἴεσθ᾽ αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδ; comment se sentira-t-elle ? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.21)]; μία ψ., proverbial à propos d’amis, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1168b7)]; ψ. μία ἤστην probablement dans [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista “Praeparatio Sophistica” p.128B.)]; à propos de l’appétit, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 841 (assuming variant), compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 297, Theocr. 16.24; λίχνῳ δὲ ὄντι τὴν ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 579b; τῷ δὲ ἡ ψ. σῖτον μὲν οὐ προσίετο, διψῆν δ᾽ ἐδόκει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.4.)]
IV.4 du soi moral et intellectuel, ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.70; ψ. τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 176; ἀρκεῖν.. κἀντὶ μυρίων μίαν ψ. τάδ᾽ ἐκτίνουσαν, ἢν εὔνους παρῇ [prev. author] “OC” 499; ψ. γὰρ εὔνους καὶ φρονοῦσα τοὔνδικον [prev. author] “fragment” 101; ἡ κακὴ σὴ ψ. [prev. author] “Ph.” 1014; ψυχῆς κατήγορος κακῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.15, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 353e; ἡ βουλεύσασα ψ. 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.1.7, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 873a)]; τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ l’esprit conscient de son innocence, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.93; τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι.. ἐσθ᾽ ὅτῳ ἄλλῳ ἢ ψυχῇ δικαίως ἂν ἀποδοῖμε; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 353d; τὴν τῆς ψ. ἐπιμέλειαν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.4, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.304; τὰ ἐν τῇ ψ. διὰ τὴν παιδείαν ἐγγιγνόμενα [prev. work]290; τῆς ψ. ἐξελθούσης, ἐν ᾗ μόνῃ γίγνεται φρόνησις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.53; νοῦς τε καὶ ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 400a, compare “Phdr.” 247c, +others; ἐμπαίει τί μοι ψυχῇ σύνηθες ὄμμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 903; ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψ., τέκνον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1171. Phrases:— ἐκ τῆς ψ. φίλος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.43)]; ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν de tout cœur, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 17.3; βόσκοιτ᾽ ἐκ ψυχᾶς τὰς ἀμνάδας 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 8.35; ὅλῃ τῇ ψ. κεχαρίσθαι τινί 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.11.10)]; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν il ne nous laisse pas disposer de notre âme, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista “Praeparatio Sophistica” p.128B.)]
IV.5 à propos des animaux, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, à propos d’un cheval, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 11.1; θηρίων ψ. ἡμεροῦμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.12)]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 101, 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 5.)]
IV.6 à propos des choses inanimées, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.138, compare 7.14; ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 60.23; οἷον ψ. ὁ μῦθος τῆς τραγῳδίας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1450a38)]; également à propos de l’esprit d’un auteur, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Lysia” 11.)]
V Emplois philosophiques :
V.1 Chez les premiers physiciens, à propos de la substance première, source de vie et de conscience, ὁρίζονται πάντες (c’est-à-dire οἱ πρότεροι) τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 405b11; τὸν λίθον ἔφη [Θαλῆς] ψ. ἔχειν ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ, of the magnet, [prev. work] 405a20)]; ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ. (c’est-à-dire πῦρ) [Refs 6th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 36; ἡ ψ. πνεῦμα 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus cited in 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 9.19)]; καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 13; τοῦτο [ἀὴρ] αὐτοῖς καὶ ψ. ἐστι καὶ νόησις 4th c.BC: Diogenes Cynicus Philosophus Apoll.4; τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων φύσιν οὐ πιστεύεις Ἀναξαγόρᾳ νοῦν καὶ ψ. εἶναι τὴν διακοσμοῦσα; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 400a, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 404a25)]; Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν (c’est-à-dire ψυχὴν) εἶναι[Refs ([prev. work] 404a1, compare “Resp.” 472a4.)]
V.2 l’esprit de l’univers, ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 34b, compare 30b; τὴν τοῦ παντὸς δῆλον ὅτι τοιαύτην εἶναι βούλεται [ὁ Τίμαιος] οἷόν ποτ᾽ ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος νοῦς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 407a3)]; ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι[Refs 3rd c.BC+ ([prev. work] 411a8; ὁ κόσμος ψ. ἐστὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἡγεμονικόν 3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 2.186)]; ψ. [κόσμου] [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1013e, compare 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 4.40; ψ. ἐλθοῦσα εἰς σῶμα οὐρανοῦ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 5.1.2; τόδε τὸ πᾶν ψ. μίαν ἔχον εἰς πάντα αὐτοῦ μέρη [prev. author] 4.4.32)]; περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος, titre d’un ouvrage de [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus)]
V.3 Chez [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)], principe immatériel du mouvement et de la vie, ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 399d, compare “Def.” 411c; [ψυχῆς λόγον ἔχομεν] τὴν δυναμένην αὐτὴν αὑτὴν κινεῖν κίνησιν [prev. author] “Lg.” 896a; μεταβολῆς τε καὶ κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία [ἡ ψ.] ἅπασιν [prev. work] b, compare 892c)]; sa présence est nécessaire à la pensée, σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Phlb.” 30c, compare “Ti.” 30b, “Sph.” 249a; defined by 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus as οὐσία ὡς εἶδος σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος “de An.” 412a20; ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ ὀργανικοῦ [prev. work] 412b5)]; division tripartite de ψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.AD: Iamblichus Philosophus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 1.49.34, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 439e.ff; in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus ἡ ψ. τούτοις ὥρισται, θρεπτικῷ, αἰσθητικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει· πότερον δὲ τοὔτων ἕκαστόν ἐστι ψ. ἢ ψυχῆς μόριο; “de An.” 413b11, compare “PA” 641b4; ἡ θρεπτικὴ ψ. [prev. author] “de An.” 434a22, +others)]; chez les stoïciens et les épicuriens, σῶμα ἡ ψ. Zénon et [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 1.38)]; à propos de la scala naturae, τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ᾽ ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta” 2.150, compare 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 6.14; ἡ ψ. σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές.. προσεμφερέστατον πνεύματι θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν ἔχοντι 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.19U.; τέλος.. τὸ μήτε ἀλγεῖν κατὰ σῶμα μήτε ταράττεσθαι κατὰ ψ. [prev. author] “Ep.” 3p.64U.)]; chez les néoplatoniciens, caractérisée par la pensée discursive, τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 1.1.7)]; liée à νοῦς comme l’image à l’archétype, εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ.] [Refs ([prev. author] 5.1.3)]; présente tout entière dans chaque partie, πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. [Refs ([prev. author] 5.1.2, compare 4.7.5; φύσις ψ. οὖσα, γέννημα ψυχῆς προτέρας [prev. author] 3.8.4)]; les corps animaux et végétaux possèdent οἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς [Refs 5th c.AD+ ([prev. author] 4.4.18; πᾶν σῶμα.. ψυχῆς μετουσίᾳ κινεῖται ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ζῇ διὰ ψ. 5th c.AD: Proclus Philosophus “Inst.” 20.)]
VI papillon ou papillon de nuit, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 551a14, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 2.4.4, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.636c.)]
VI.2 τριπόλιον, pseudo-[Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 4.132.)]
VII Psyché, dans l’allégorie de Psyché et Éros, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Apuleius Scriptor Botanicus “Metam.” books 4-6, Aristophontes cited in Fulg. “Myth.” 3.6. (See ancient speculations on the derivation, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 399d - 400a, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 405b29, 3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 2.222; 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus usage gives little support to the derivation from ψύχω)] « souffler, respirer » ; τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.696)] signifie « son esprit quitta son corps », et λειποψυχέω signifie donc « s’évanouir », non « perdre le souffle » ; ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.467)] signifie « elle exhala son esprit », c’est-à-dire « s’évanouit » ; la ressemblance entre ἄμπνυτο « reprit connaissance » et ἀμπνέω « reprendre son souffle » est trompeuse, voir sous {ἄμπνυτο, ἔμπνυτο} : lorsqu’il est concret, le ψ. homérique est plutôt du sang chaud que du souffle,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.518, 16.505, where the ψ.)] qui s’échappe par une blessure ; comparer ψυχοπότης, ψυχορροφέω, et [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 786, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 712 (see. above 1).))]
vie, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.296, etc.; ψ. τεκαὶ αἰών 16.453, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.523; θυμοῦ καὶ ψ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.334, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.154; λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.325)]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι au péril de leur vie, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.74, 9.255; αἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψ. παραβαλλόμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.322)]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων par ta vie,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (22.338; so ἀντὶ ψ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1326: but περὶ ψ.)] pour sauver leur vie, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.423; περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 22.245; περὶ ψ. θέον Ἕκτορος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.161; τρέχων περὶ τῆς ψ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.37; τῆς ἐμῆς περὶ ψ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 115, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 946, “Heracl.” 984; περὶ ψ. κινδυνεύων 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.1.4, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.50; ἁγὼν.. σῆς ψ. πέρι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1492, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1330, “Or.” 847, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.44; τὸν περὶ ψ. δρόμον δραμεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 375 (Lyric poetry); ἀγωνίζεσθαι περὶ τῆς ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.19)]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] en échange de la vie, [NT+7th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 85; τῆς ψ. πρίασθαί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.36; τί γὰρ δοῖ ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψ. αὐτο; NT.Mark.8.37. In early poets: ψυχὰν ἀποπνεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 52; ψυχὰς ἔχοντες κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 23; ψυχέων φειδόμενοι 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.14; θειδωλὴν ψ. θέμενος 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 13.46; ψυχῆς εἵνεκα καὶ βιότου 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 730; ψυχὰν Ἀΐδᾳ τελέων 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 1.68; ψυχὰς βαλον [prev. author] “O.” 8.39; χαλκῷ ἀπὸ ψυχὴν ἀρύσας 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 138; τοὐμὸν ἐκπίνουσ᾽ ἀεὶ ψυχῆς ἄκρατον αἷμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 786)]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 775; τὴν ψ. ἐκπίνουσιν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 712 (_anapaest meter_); ψ. ἀφήσω 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1171; ψ. σέθεν ἔκτεινε [prev. author] “Tr.” 1214; ψ. παραιτέεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.24)]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction pour la vie de [NT+5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus, [prev. author] 2.134; ψυχῆς ἀποστερῆσαί τινα 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.1.6, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.136, etc.; τὴν ψ. ἢ τὴν οὐσίαν ἢ τὴν ἐπιτιμίαν τινὸς ἀφελόμενος 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.88; τὸ τῆς ψ. ἀπαιτηθεὶς χρέος LXX.Wis.15. 8, cf. NT.Luke.12.20; ζητοῦσι τὴν ψ. μου LXX.1Ki.19.10, cf. NT.Matt.2.20; τὴν ψ. αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων NT.John.10.11, etc.)]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ à un cheveu de sa vie, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.3:)] — l’expression ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα risquant sa vie, est probablement une falsa lectio dans [LXX+4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Xenarchus Comicus 4.20; ἡ ψ. μου ἐν ταῖς χερσί [σου] διὰ πάντος LXX.Psa.118(119).109, cf. LXX.1Ki.19.5, 28.21, +others)]; de la vie chez les animaux, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.426, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 173, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 1.47, etc.; τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα, ὅσα ψ. ἔχει 5th c.BC: Anaxagoras Philosophus 4, compare 12; πάντων τῶν ζῴων ἡ ψ. τὸ αὐτό, ἀήρ 4th c.BC: Diogenes Cynicus Philosophus Apoll.5 (compare infr. IV. 1))]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (à propos de l’incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 172; [ἑρπετὸν] ὃ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ ψ. ζωῆς LXX.Gen.1.30)]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX (LXX.Lev.17.11, cf. LXX.Deu.12.23.)]
2 métaphoriquement, à propos de choses chères comme la vie, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 686; πᾶσι δ᾽ ἀνθρώποις ἄρ᾽ ἦν ψ. τέκν᾽ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 419; τἀργύριόν ἐστιν αἷμα καὶ ψ. βροτοῖς 4th c.BC: Timocles Comicus 35)]; ainsi comme terme affectueux, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 1.8, +others; ζωὴ καὶ ψ. 1st c.AD: Juvenalis, D. Junius Poeta Latinus 6.195; ψ. μου 1st c.AD: Martialis Epigrammaticus Latinus 10.68.)]
II chez [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], esprit défunt, fantôme (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Apollodorus Damascenus Mechanicus Hist. “fragment” 102(a) 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus); ψ. Πατροκλῆος.. πάντ᾽ αὐτῷ.. ἐϊκυῖα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.65: frequently in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11, ψ. Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀχιλῆος, etc., 387, 467, +others)]; ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.104, compare 72, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.14; ψ. κατὰ χθονὸς ᾤχετο τετριγυῖα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.100)]; ψυχὰς ἡρώων, opposé à αὐτούς,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (1.3, compare 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 151; ψυχαὶ δ᾽ Ἄϊδόσδε κατῆλθον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.330; ψ. δὲ κατ᾽ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτ᾽ ἐπειγομένη 14.518)]; parfois à peine distinct du sens[Refs (1, ἅμα ψ. τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ᾽ αἰχμήν 16.505)]; dans les évanouissements, il quitte le corps, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs (5.696)]; de même chez les auteurs plus tardifs (rarement dans la tragédie), σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.21)]; ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 4.159, compare “N.” 8.44; αἱ ψ. ὀσμῶνται καθ᾽ Ἅιδην 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 98; πέμψατ᾽ ἔνερθεν ψυχὴν ἐς φῶς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 630 (_anapaest meter_); ποτωμένην ψ. ὑπὲρ σοῦ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 676, compare “fragment” 912.9 (_anapaest meter_); τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψ., αἷς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν αὑτῶν ἐκγόνων κήδεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 927b)]; ψ. σοφαί, peut-être « fantômes sages », [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 94; δὶς ἀποθανουμένη ψ. Anonymus cited in 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.236d.)]
III l’âme immatérielle et immortelle, d’abord chez Pindare, ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“fragment” 133, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 81b; εἰπόντες ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψ. ἀθάνατός ἐστι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.123; ἀγένητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 246a, compare “Phd.” 70c, +others; ἀθάνατος ἡμῶν ἡ ψ. καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπόλλυται [prev. author] “R.” 608d; ἁψ. τῷ σώματι συνέζευκται καὶ καθάπερ ἐν σάματι τέθαπται 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 14, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 400c: hence frequently opposed to σῶμα, ψ. καὶ σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.5, compare “An.” 3.2.20; ψ. ἢ σῶμα ἢ συναμφότερον, τὸ ὅλον τοῦτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.130a; εἰς θηρίου βίον ἀνθρωπίνη ψ. ἀφικνεῖται καὶ ἐκ θηρίου.. πάλιν εἰς ἄνθρωπον [prev. author] “Phdr.” 249b; κατὰ τοὺς Πυθαγορικοὺς μύθους τὴν τυχοῦσαν ψ. εἰς τὸ τυχὸν ἐνδύεσθαι σῶμα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 407b22; οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπείσθην, ὡς ἡ ψ., ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐν θνητῷ σώματι ᾖ, ζῇ, ὅταν δὲ τούτου ἀπαλλαγῇ, τέθνηκεν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.19; ἀνθρώπου γε ψ., ἣ τοῦ θείου μετέχει,.. ὁρᾶται δ᾽ οὐδ᾽ αὐτή [prev. author] “Mem.” 4.3.14, compare “Cyr.” 8.7.17)]; αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.945 (5th c.BC))]; ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 32 f. 1; ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ψ., ζῷον ἀθάνατον ἐν θνητῷ καθειργμένον φρουρίῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Axiochus” 365e.)]
IV le soi conscient ou la personnalité, comme centre des émotions, des désirs et des affections, χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.39; μορφὰν βραχύς, ψυχὰν δ᾽ ἄκαμπτος [prev. author] “I.” 4(3).53(71); ἐνίους τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 6.16; θνητοῦ σώματος ἔτυχες, πειρῶ τῆς ψ. ἀθάνατον μνήμην καταλιπεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.37; opposed to material blessings, κτεάνων ψ. ἔχοντες κρέσσονας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.32; μήτε σωμάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μήτε χρημάτων.. οὕτω σφόδρα ὡς τῆς ψ. ὅπως ὡς ἀρίστη ἔσται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 30b, compare 29e)]: d’où, considéré abstraitement, τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ᾽ εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 959a; ἡ ψ. ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος [prev. author] Alcaeus1.130c; οὐδὲ νῦν τήν γ ἐμὴν ψ. ἑωρᾶτε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.17, compare above 111: sometimes, therefore, distinguished from oneself, ψ. γὰρ ηὔδα πολλά μοι μυθουμένη 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 227; ἡ ψ. μου πεπότηται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 319 (_anapaest meter_); τί ποτ᾽ ἔστι μαθεῖν ἔραται ψ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 173 (_anapaest meter_); ἄλλο τι βουλομένη ἑκατέρου ἡ ψ. δήλη ἐστίν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 192c)]; οἴμοι ψυχή malheur à moi ! [LXX (LXX.Mic.7.1)]; καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψ. μου, « ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθά » [NT (NT.Luke.12.19)]; dans des périphrases, ψ. Ὀρέστου, ={Ὀρέστης}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1127, +others: but τὴν Φιλοκτήτου ψ. ἐκκλέψεις)] ses facultés, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 55; ἡ δ᾽ ἐμὴ ψ. τέθνηκεν [prev. author] “Ant.” 559, compare “OC” 999)]; ainsi ψυχαί absolument, ={ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα} [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1457 (Lyric poetry))]; ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον beaucoup d’âmes périrent, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 864; πᾶσαι αἱ ψ., υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες λ γ LXX.Gen.46.15, cf. LXX.Exo.12.4, +others; [κιβωτὸς] εἰς ἣν ὀλίγοι, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν ὀκτὼ ψ., διεσώθησαν NT.1Pet.3.20. In apostrophe, μή, φίλα ψ. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.61; ὦ μελέα ψ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 712 (Lyric poetry); ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.3.8)]; à propos de personnes, ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 496b (compare μεγαλόψυχος))]; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα la créature, [NT+4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 28.2; πάσῃ ψ. τετελευτηκυίᾳ LXX.Num.6.6, 11; πᾶσα ψ. ὑποτασσέσθω NT.Rom.13.1, etc.)] : généralement, être, ψυχὴ ζῶσα créature vivante, [LXX (LXX.Gen.1.24, compare 20 (_plural_).)]
IV.2 de divers aspects du soi, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) cœur endurant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.48; διεπειρᾶτο αὐτοῦ τῆς ψ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.14, ἦν ηὰρ.. ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος)] sans courage, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 5.124; ψυχὴν ἄριστε πάντων 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 457; καρτερὰν ψ. λαβεῖν [prev. author] “Ach.” 393; κράτιστοι ἂν τὴν ψ. κριθεῖεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40; τοῖς σώμασι δύνανται τὰς δὲ ψ. οὐκ ἔχουσιν 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.29; ὁ γὰρ᾽ λόγχην ἀκονῶν καὶ τὴν ψ. τι παρακονᾷ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.2.33, compare “Oec.” 21.3.)]
IV.3 du soi émotionnel, ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 505, compare 527 (Lyric poetry); πάνυ μου ἡ ψ. ἐπεθύμει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 6.14; τίνα ποτὲ ψ. ἔχω; 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 32.12)]; τίν᾽ οἴεσθ᾽ αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδ; comment se sentira-t-elle ? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.21)]; μία ψ., proverbial à propos d’amis, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1168b7)]; ψ. μία ἤστην probablement dans [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista “Praeparatio Sophistica” p.128B.)]; à propos de l’appétit, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 841 (assuming variant), compare 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 297, Theocr. 16.24; λίχνῳ δὲ ὄντι τὴν ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 579b; τῷ δὲ ἡ ψ. σῖτον μὲν οὐ προσίετο, διψῆν δ᾽ ἐδόκει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.4.)]
IV.4 du soi moral et intellectuel, ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.70; ψ. τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 176; ἀρκεῖν.. κἀντὶ μυρίων μίαν ψ. τάδ᾽ ἐκτίνουσαν, ἢν εὔνους παρῇ [prev. author] “OC” 499; ψ. γὰρ εὔνους καὶ φρονοῦσα τοὔνδικον [prev. author] “fragment” 101; ἡ κακὴ σὴ ψ. [prev. author] “Ph.” 1014; ψυχῆς κατήγορος κακῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.15, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 353e; ἡ βουλεύσασα ψ. 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.1.7, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 873a)]; τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ l’esprit conscient de son innocence, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.93; τὸ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν καὶ βουλεύεσθαι.. ἐσθ᾽ ὅτῳ ἄλλῳ ἢ ψυχῇ δικαίως ἂν ἀποδοῖμε; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 353d; τὴν τῆς ψ. ἐπιμέλειαν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.4, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.304; τὰ ἐν τῇ ψ. διὰ τὴν παιδείαν ἐγγιγνόμενα [prev. work]290; τῆς ψ. ἐξελθούσης, ἐν ᾗ μόνῃ γίγνεται φρόνησις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.53; νοῦς τε καὶ ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 400a, compare “Phdr.” 247c, +others; ἐμπαίει τί μοι ψυχῇ σύνηθες ὄμμα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 903; ἰδὼν μὲν γνούς τε σῇ ψ., τέκνον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1171. Phrases:— ἐκ τῆς ψ. φίλος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.43)]; ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν de tout cœur, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 17.3; βόσκοιτ᾽ ἐκ ψυχᾶς τὰς ἀμνάδας 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 8.35; ὅλῃ τῇ ψ. κεχαρίσθαι τινί 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.11.10)]; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν il ne nous laisse pas disposer de notre âme, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista “Praeparatio Sophistica” p.128B.)]
IV.5 à propos des animaux, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, à propos d’un cheval, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 11.1; θηρίων ψ. ἡμεροῦμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.12)]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 101, 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 5.)]
IV.6 à propos des choses inanimées, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.138, compare 7.14; ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὴ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἦν ψ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 60.23; οἷον ψ. ὁ μῦθος τῆς τραγῳδίας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1450a38)]; également à propos de l’esprit d’un auteur, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Lysia” 11.)]
V Emplois philosophiques :
V.1 Chez les premiers physiciens, à propos de la substance première, source de vie et de conscience, ὁρίζονται πάντες (c’est-à-dire οἱ πρότεροι) τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 405b11; τὸν λίθον ἔφη [Θαλῆς] ψ. ἔχειν ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ, of the magnet, [prev. work] 405a20)]; ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ. (c’est-à-dire πῦρ) [Refs 6th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 36; ἡ ψ. πνεῦμα 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus cited in 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 9.19)]; καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 13; τοῦτο [ἀὴρ] αὐτοῖς καὶ ψ. ἐστι καὶ νόησις 4th c.BC: Diogenes Cynicus Philosophus Apoll.4; τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων φύσιν οὐ πιστεύεις Ἀναξαγόρᾳ νοῦν καὶ ψ. εἶναι τὴν διακοσμοῦσα; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 400a, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 404a25)]; Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν (c’est-à-dire ψυχὴν) εἶναι[Refs ([prev. work] 404a1, compare “Resp.” 472a4.)]
V.2 l’esprit de l’univers, ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 34b, compare 30b; τὴν τοῦ παντὸς δῆλον ὅτι τοιαύτην εἶναι βούλεται [ὁ Τίμαιος] οἷόν ποτ᾽ ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος νοῦς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 407a3)]; ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι[Refs 3rd c.BC+ ([prev. work] 411a8; ὁ κόσμος ψ. ἐστὶν ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἡγεμονικόν 3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 2.186)]; ψ. [κόσμου] [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1013e, compare 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 4.40; ψ. ἐλθοῦσα εἰς σῶμα οὐρανοῦ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 5.1.2; τόδε τὸ πᾶν ψ. μίαν ἔχον εἰς πάντα αὐτοῦ μέρη [prev. author] 4.4.32)]; περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος, titre d’un ouvrage de [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus)]
V.3 Chez [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)], principe immatériel du mouvement et de la vie, ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 399d, compare “Def.” 411c; [ψυχῆς λόγον ἔχομεν] τὴν δυναμένην αὐτὴν αὑτὴν κινεῖν κίνησιν [prev. author] “Lg.” 896a; μεταβολῆς τε καὶ κινήσεως ἁπάσης αἰτία [ἡ ψ.] ἅπασιν [prev. work] b, compare 892c)]; sa présence est nécessaire à la pensée, σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Phlb.” 30c, compare “Ti.” 30b, “Sph.” 249a; defined by 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus as οὐσία ὡς εἶδος σώματος φυσικοῦ δυνάμει ζωὴν ἔχοντος “de An.” 412a20; ἐντελέχεια ἡ πρώτη σώματος φυσικοῦ ὀργανικοῦ [prev. work] 412b5)]; division tripartite de ψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.AD: Iamblichus Philosophus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 1.49.34, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 439e.ff; in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus ἡ ψ. τούτοις ὥρισται, θρεπτικῷ, αἰσθητικῷ, διανοητικῷ, κινήσει· πότερον δὲ τοὔτων ἕκαστόν ἐστι ψ. ἢ ψυχῆς μόριο; “de An.” 413b11, compare “PA” 641b4; ἡ θρεπτικὴ ψ. [prev. author] “de An.” 434a22, +others)]; chez les stoïciens et les épicuriens, σῶμα ἡ ψ. Zénon et [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 1.38)]; à propos de la scala naturae, τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ᾽ ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta” 2.150, compare 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 6.14; ἡ ψ. σῶμά ἐστι λεπτομερές.. προσεμφερέστατον πνεύματι θερμοῦ τινα κρᾶσιν ἔχοντι 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.19U.; τέλος.. τὸ μήτε ἀλγεῖν κατὰ σῶμα μήτε ταράττεσθαι κατὰ ψ. [prev. author] “Ep.” 3p.64U.)]; chez les néoplatoniciens, caractérisée par la pensée discursive, τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 1.1.7)]; liée à νοῦς comme l’image à l’archétype, εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ.] [Refs ([prev. author] 5.1.3)]; présente tout entière dans chaque partie, πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. [Refs ([prev. author] 5.1.2, compare 4.7.5; φύσις ψ. οὖσα, γέννημα ψυχῆς προτέρας [prev. author] 3.8.4)]; les corps animaux et végétaux possèdent οἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς [Refs 5th c.AD+ ([prev. author] 4.4.18; πᾶν σῶμα.. ψυχῆς μετουσίᾳ κινεῖται ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ζῇ διὰ ψ. 5th c.AD: Proclus Philosophus “Inst.” 20.)]
VI papillon ou papillon de nuit, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 551a14, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 2.4.4, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.636c.)]
VI.2 τριπόλιον, pseudo-[Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 4.132.)]
VII Psyché, dans l’allégorie de Psyché et Éros, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Apuleius Scriptor Botanicus “Metam.” books 4-6, Aristophontes cited in Fulg. “Myth.” 3.6. (See ancient speculations on the derivation, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 399d - 400a, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 405b29, 3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 2.222; 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus usage gives little support to the derivation from ψύχω)] « souffler, respirer » ; τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.696)] signifie « son esprit quitta son corps », et λειποψυχέω signifie donc « s’évanouir », non « perdre le souffle » ; ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.467)] signifie « elle exhala son esprit », c’est-à-dire « s’évanouit » ; la ressemblance entre ἄμπνυτο « reprit connaissance » et ἀμπνέω « reprendre son souffle » est trompeuse, voir sous {ἄμπνυτο, ἔμπνυτο} : lorsqu’il est concret, le ψ. homérique est plutôt du sang chaud que du souffle,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.518, 16.505, where the ψ.)] qui s’échappe par une blessure ; comparer ψυχοπότης, ψυχορροφέω, et [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 786, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 712 (see. above 1).))]