Strong G5469χαλινός

χᾰλῑνός
(dialecte éolien χάλιννος probablement dans [Refs (“Etymologicum Gudianum” 561.5))], ὁ, pluriel irrégulier χαλινά [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.1607, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Oppianus Anazarbensis Epicus “Halieutica - Poetae Bucolici et Didactici” 1.191, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.613c, 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.100, etc.)]:—mors, une fois dans [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς γαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.393; χαλινὸν ἐμβαλεῖν γνάθοις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 492; χ. ἐξαιρεῖται 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 3.2)]; du cheval, χ. οὐκ ἐπίσταται φέρειν (métaphoriquement de Cassandre) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1066)]; χ. δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 3.2, 6.10)]; λαβεῖν, ἔχειν, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1393b16, 21)]; τὸν χ. ἐνδακεῖν mâcher le mors, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 254d)]; du cavalier, δοτέον τὸν χ. il faut laisser la bride au cheval, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 10.12)]; ὀπίσω σπάσαι, ξυνέχειν ἀνάγκῃ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 254e, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DDeor.” 25.1; [χ.] εἰς ἄκρον τὸ στόμα καθιέμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.9.)]—Expliqué comme désignant le mors, par opposition aux rênes (ἡνίαι), par [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.148; so ἡνίας τε.. καὶ χ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 601c; χ. τινα χαλκεῖ ἐκδιδόντα σκευάσαι [prev. author] “Prm.” 127a; κατὰ [τὸν κυνόδοντα] ἐμβάλλεται ὁ χ. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 576b18, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 123 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1067 (Lyric poetry))]; mais distingué de στόμιον par [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.215, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 207 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.9, 10.9, etc.)]; et peut s’employer généralement pour mors et bride, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.118, 4.64, “IG” 12.374.176, “PCair.Zen.” 659.11 (3rd c.BC).)]
2 métaphoriquement, pour tout ce qui bride, retient, ou contraint, Ἀργοῦς χ., à propos d’une ancre, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.25)]; χ. λινόδετοι, ={χαλινωτήρια}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1043)]; παρθενίας χ. λύειν, à propos de la ceinture virginale, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 8(7).48)]; χαλινοῖς ἐν πετρίνοισιν, à propos des liens de Prométhée, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 562 (_anapaest meter_); Διὸς χ., of the will of Zeus, [prev. work] 672)]; χαλινῶν ἀναύδῳ μένει, à propos d’une contrainte imposée par la force, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ag.” 238 (Lyric poetry))]; πολλῶν χαλινῶν ἔργον οἰάκων θ᾽ ἅμα, c.-à-d. qu’il faut beaucoup d’habileté et de force pour diriger, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 869)]; τῷ δήμῳ χ. ἐμβαλεῖν ὕβρεως une bride pour contenir leur violence, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Comp. Per.Fab.” 1, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Herm.” 82; τῆς γλώττης τὰ χ. 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.613c; ἐπέστω τῷ στόματι χ. 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Epistulae” 315.4; χ. οὐδεὶς ὀμμάτων 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 6.11.)]
II généralement, courroie, lanière, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 461 (dual).)]
III partie du gréement d’un navire, [Refs (Inscriptiones Graecae 22.1610.11,14.)]
IV commissure de la bouche du cheval, où repose le mors, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 2.90 (_plural_))]; de la bouche humaine, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Alexipharmaca” 117, 223, “PUniv.Giss.” 44.7, (2nd-1st c.BC), 1st-2nd c.AD: Heliodorus Medicus cited in Orib 48.31.4, 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.100, “PSI” 9.1016.25 (2nd c.BC), 2nd c.AD: Aretaeus Medicus “περὶ αἰτιῶν καὶ σημείων ὀξέων παθῶν” 1.9, 5th c.AD: Caelius Aurelianus Medicus “TP” 1.4, 6th c.AD: Aëtius Medicus 8.27)]; mais, ={ἡ σύνδεσις τῶν γνάθων}, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Rufus Medicus “περὶ ὀνομασίας” 53, compare 6th c.AD: Aëtius Medicus 8.40.)]
IV.2 crochets des serpents, en raison de leur forme et de leur position dans la bouche, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 234.)]