Strong G5228ὑπέρ
above/for
- Transliteration
- huper
- Pronunciation
- hoop-er'
- Morphology
- Greek Preposition
Definition
A primary preposition; over that is (with the genitive case) of place above 6
beyond across or causal for the sake of instead 6
regarding; with the accusative case superior to more than . In compounds it retains many of the listed applications: - (+ exceeding abundantly) above in (on) behalf of beyond by + very chiefest concerning exceeding (above -ly) for + very highly more (than) of over on the part of for sake of in stead than to (-ward) very. In compounds it retains many of the above applications.
beyond across or causal for the sake of instead 6
regarding; with the accusative case superior to more than . In compounds it retains many of the listed applications: - (+ exceeding abundantly) above in (on) behalf of beyond by + very chiefest concerning exceeding (above -ly) for + very highly more (than) of over on the part of for sake of in stead than to (-ward) very. In compounds it retains many of the above applications.
Detailed definition
ὑπέρ (when following subst.—poët.—ὕπερ; so as adv., 2Co.11:23),
prep. with genitive, accusative
I. C. genitive, primarily of place (rest or motion), over, above, across, beyond, hence, metaphorically,
1. for, on behalf of: of prayer, Mat.5:44, Act.8:24, Rom.10:1, Jas.5:16, al.; of laying down life, Jhn.10:11, Rom.9:3, al.; esp. of Christ giving his life for man's redemption, Mrk.14:24, Jhn.10:15, Act.21:13, Rom.5:6-8, al.; opposite to κατά, Mrk.9:40, Luk.9:50, Rom.8:31.
2. Causal, for, because of, for the sake of: with genitive of person(s), Act.5:41, Rom.1:5, Php.1:29, 2Co.12:10, al.; with genitive of thing(s), Jhn.11:4, Rom.15:8, 2Co.1:6, al.
3. = ἀντί (see M, Pr., 105), for, instead of, in the name of: 1Co.15:29, 2Co.5:15, 21 Gal.3:13, Col.1:7, Phm 13 (cf. Field, Notes, 225).
4. In more colourless sense, = περί (M, Pr., l.with), for, concerning, with regard to: Rom.9:27, 2Co.1:6 8:23 12:8, Php.1:7, 2Th.2:1, al.
II. C. accusative, primarily of place, over, beyond, across, hence, metaphorically, of measure or degree in excess, above, beyond, over, more than: Mat.10:24, 37 Luk.6:40, Act.26:13, 1Co.10:13, 2Co.1:8, Eph.1:22 3:20, Phm 16, al.; after comparatives = than (Jdg.11:25, al.), Luk.16:8, Heb.4:12.
III. As adv. (see supr. ad init.), more: ὕπερ ἐγώ, I more, 2Co.11:23; in compounds, see: ὑπεράνω, ὑπερλίαν, ὑπερπερισσῶς.
IV. In composition: over (ὑπεραίρω), beyond (ὑπερβάλλω), more (ὐπερνικάω), on behalf of (ὐπερεντυγχάνω).
(AS)
prep. with genitive, accusative
I. C. genitive, primarily of place (rest or motion), over, above, across, beyond, hence, metaphorically,
1. for, on behalf of: of prayer, Mat.5:44, Act.8:24, Rom.10:1, Jas.5:16, al.; of laying down life, Jhn.10:11, Rom.9:3, al.; esp. of Christ giving his life for man's redemption, Mrk.14:24, Jhn.10:15, Act.21:13, Rom.5:6-8, al.; opposite to κατά, Mrk.9:40, Luk.9:50, Rom.8:31.
2. Causal, for, because of, for the sake of: with genitive of person(s), Act.5:41, Rom.1:5, Php.1:29, 2Co.12:10, al.; with genitive of thing(s), Jhn.11:4, Rom.15:8, 2Co.1:6, al.
3. = ἀντί (see M, Pr., 105), for, instead of, in the name of: 1Co.15:29, 2Co.5:15, 21 Gal.3:13, Col.1:7, Phm 13 (cf. Field, Notes, 225).
4. In more colourless sense, = περί (M, Pr., l.with), for, concerning, with regard to: Rom.9:27, 2Co.1:6 8:23 12:8, Php.1:7, 2Th.2:1, al.
II. C. accusative, primarily of place, over, beyond, across, hence, metaphorically, of measure or degree in excess, above, beyond, over, more than: Mat.10:24, 37 Luk.6:40, Act.26:13, 1Co.10:13, 2Co.1:8, Eph.1:22 3:20, Phm 16, al.; after comparatives = than (Jdg.11:25, al.), Luk.16:8, Heb.4:12.
III. As adv. (see supr. ad init.), more: ὕπερ ἐγώ, I more, 2Co.11:23; in compounds, see: ὑπεράνω, ὑπερλίαν, ὑπερπερισσῶς.
IV. In composition: over (ὑπεραίρω), beyond (ὑπερβάλλω), more (ὐπερνικάω), on behalf of (ὐπερεντυγχάνω).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5228 appears in 144 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- for105
- above11
- of11
- more3
- on3
- very3
- behalf2
- in2
- sake2
- than2
- to2
- beyond1
First verses
- Matthew 5:44But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;
- Matthew 10:24The disciple is not above his master, nor the servant above his lord.
- Matthew 10:37He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.
- Mark 9:40For he that is not against us is on our part.
- Luke 6:28Bless them that curse you, and pray for them which despitefully use you.
- Luke 6:40The disciple is not above his master: but every one that is perfect shall be as his master.
- Luke 9:50And Jesus said unto him, Forbid him not: for he that is not against us is for us.
- Luke 16:8And the lord commended the unjust steward, because he had done wisely: for the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light.
- Luke 22:19And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.
- Luke 22:20Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
- John 6:51I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.
- John 10:11I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep.
- John 10:15As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.
- John 11:4When Jesus heard that, he said, This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified thereby.
- John 11:50Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.
- John 11:51And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation;
- John 11:52And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.
- John 13:37Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake.
- John 13:38Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.
- John 15:13Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- ὑπερβάλλωto surpassG5235
- ὑπερεντυγχάνωto intercedeG5241
- ὕψοςheightG5311
- ἀνθύπατοςproconsulG446
- ὑπερέκειναbeyondG5238
- ὑπερεκχύνωto overflowG5240
- ὑπερνικάωto conquerG5245
- ὑπερπερισσῶςexceedinglyG5249
- ὑπερῷονupper roomG5253
- ὑπέρογκοςboastfulG5246
- ὑπερήφανοςarrogantG5244
- ὑπεράνωaboveG5231
- ὑπέρακμοςpast one’s primeG5230
- ὑπερπερισσεύωto aboundG5248
- ὑπερπλεονάζωto aboundG5250
- ὑπερεκτείνωto overextendG5239
- ὑπερβαίνωto wrongG5233
- ὑπερείδωto overlookG5237
- ὑπερέχωbe higherG5242
- ὑπεραίρωbe haughtyG5229
- ὑπεραυξάνωto increaseG5232
- ὑπερυψόωto exaltG5251
- ὕβριςmistreatmentG5196
- ὑπερφρονέωbe haughtyG5252
Detailed Greek dictionary
ὑπέρ [ῠ],
Epic dialect also ὑπείρ, used by [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (for the sake of meter) only in the phrase ὑπεὶρ ἅλα (see. ὑπείρ); 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] ὁπέρ (which see): in Aeolic dialect replaced by περί (see. περί [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V): _preposition_ governing _genitive_ and _accusative_, in 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] also dative (Cf. Sanskrit upaári 'above', Gothic ufar, O[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] ofer 'over':—from it are formed the comparative and superlative ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also adverb ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.)
A WITH GENIT.,
A.I of Place, over;
A.I.1 in a state of rest, over, above, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, βάλε.. στέρνον ὑ. μαζοῖο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.528)]; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων not reaching to the knees, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.4.13; ἕστηκε.. ὅσον τ᾽ ὄργυι᾽ ὑ. αἴης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.327; εἴθ᾽ ὑ. γῆς, εἴτ᾽ ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴθ᾽ ὑπὸ γῆς 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Igne” 1)]; στῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood over his head as he lay asleep, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.20, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.803, +others; πασάων ὕ. ἥ γε κάρη ἔχει 6.107; ὑ. πόλιος, ὅθι Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, ἦα 16.471)]; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι over head, i. e. over the gateway, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187; ὑ. τῆς ὀροφῆς “IG” 12.373.246; ὑ. τοῦ ἀγάλματος [prev. work]264; ὄρος τὸ ὑ. Τεγέης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.105)]; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Agesilaus” 2.20)]; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.65; λιμὴν καὶ πόλις ὑ. αὐτοῦ κεῖται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.46, compare 6.4, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 40.14)]: of relative geographical position, above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.175; ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑ. Αἰγύπτου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.48; τοῖς ὑ. Χερρονήσου Θρᾳξίν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.2; ὑ. Μασσαλίας 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.14.8, compare 5.73.3, +others)]: in Hellenistic Gr. the accusative is commoner in this sense, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus I.)]
A.I.1.b of ships at sea, off a place, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.112, 8.95; ναυμαχίην τὴν ὑ. Μιλήτου γενομένην 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.25; ὑ. τούτου (i.e. Φαλήρου) ἀνακωχεύσαντες τὰς νέας [prev. work] 116.)]
A.I.2 in a state of motion, over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.382; τὸν δ᾽ ὑ. οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.575; πηδῶντος.. τάφρων ὕ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1279; ὑ. θαλάσσης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 576)]; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [τῶν ξιφῶν] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 2.11.)]
A.I.3 over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.257.)]
A.II metaphorically, in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.449; ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑ. Δαναῶν 1.444)]: generally, for the prosperity or safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.39.65, compare 45.5; ἱερὰ θυόμενα ὑ. τῆς πόλεως 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.2.13; ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς θυσίας ὑ. τε ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων “UPZ” 14.27 (2nd c.BC))]; in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ᾽ ἀνέθηκεν.. εὐξαμένη.. ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.524, compare 22.4403, 42(1).569 (Epid.); Ἀρτέμιδι Σωτείρᾳ ὑ. βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου Ἐπικράτης Ἀθηναῖος “OGI” 18 (Egypt, 3rd c.BC), compare 365 (Amasia, 2nd c.BC), +others; ὑ. τῆς εἰς αἰῶνα διαμονῆς Ἀντωνείνου Καίσαρος [prev. work]702.3 (Egypt, 2nd c.AD); ὑ. τῆς τύχης.. Ἀντωνείνου Σεβαστοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς [prev. work]703.2 (Ptolemais, 2nd c.AD); ὑ. σωτηρίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν.. Ἀντωνείνου [prev. work]706 (Egypt, 2nd-3rd c.AD))]; εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 705)]; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 642c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.6; ἧς ἔθνῃσχ᾽ ὕ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 708; ὑ. γῆς τῆς Ἀθηναίων ναυμαχέειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.70; ὑ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀμῦναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 692d)]; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 8.105; νῦν ὑ. πάντων ἀγών 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 405; ὑ. δόξης τελευτήσαντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.210, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.93)]; πάνθ᾽ ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός in your interests, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.80, compare 83; ὑ. τῆς Ἀσίας στρατηγήσας 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.154)]; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.225)]; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42 (1).121.10,42, 123.11 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 68.3 (2nd c.BC))]; sometimes even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ. about slavery, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 111 (Lyric poetry), compare 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.10.)]
A.II.2 for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν on his own behalf, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.141; ὑ. τινὸς ἀποκρίνεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 590a; προλέγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.3; ἐπεὶ οὖν σὺ σιωπᾷς, ἐγὼ λέξω καὶ ὑ. σοῦ καὶ ὑ. ἡμῶν [prev. author] “Cyr.” 3.3.14, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 554)]; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων as Zeno's representative, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PSI” 4.389.8 (3rd c.BC))]; ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“PGrenf.” 2.17.9 (2nd c.BC))]; θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ᾽ ἔσεσθ᾽ ὑ. Φιλίππου as though by commission from P., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.6)]; so in other dialects with accusative, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus see)]
A.II.3 in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ᾽ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.665, compare 660)]; then more metaphorically, by, λίσσομ᾽ ὑ. ψυχῆς (as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (22.338, compare 24.466; λίσσομ᾽ ὑ. θυέων καὶ δαίμονος.. σῆς τ᾽ αὐτοῦ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἑταίρων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.261; λίσσου᾽ ὑ. μακάρων σέο τ᾽ αὐτῆς ἠδὲ τοκήων 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.701)]; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός in the name of Zeus, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 7.499.2 (3rd c.BC: Theaetetus Epigrammaticus))]; so Aeolic dialect περ (see. περί [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V).)]
A.II.4 of the cause or motive, for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 1125 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. παθέων [prev. author] “Hipp.” 159 (Lyric poetry); ἔριδος ὕ. [prev. author] “Andr.” 490 (Lyric poetry))]; of punishment or reward, for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ᾽ ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 932 (_anapaest meter_), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 11.39, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.43, 4.20, 13.41,42, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.4)]; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father's property shall pay the fine for the father, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“Leg.Gort.” 11.42; ἀποτεισάτω ὁ δεσπότης ὑ. τοῦ δούλου “PHal.” 1.198 (3rd c.BC))]; τοῦτον (i.e. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 121.24 (2nd c.BC))]; τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον as a thank-offering for.., [Refs 1st c.BC+ (Sammelb. 3926.12 (1st c.BC))]; ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.57; ἀποδοῦναι χάριν ὑ. ὧν.. ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργέτησεν [prev. author] 4.56)]; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου [Refs (“IG” 12.140.2)]; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου on account of H., i.e. debiting H.'s account, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“PFay.” 16 (1st c.BC))]; μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον for the credit of your account, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (PAmh. 2.88.22 (2nd c.AD))]; ὑ. λαογραφίας [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“Ostr.Bodl.” iii 80 (1st c.AD))]; ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“Ostr.” 1479 (3rd c.AD))]; ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 3.126a, compare 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 3.39.)]
A.II.5 ὑ. τοῦ μή with infinitive, for the purpose of preventing or avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα.. βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 4.3; ὑ. τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ προσταττόμενον 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.64, compare 12.80; τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπέμειναν.. ὑ. τοῦ μὴ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιῆσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.204: also without μή,)] for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die for the sake of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.94; μὴ τοσαύτην ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν ὑ. τοῦ βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡλίκην ὑ. τοῦ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς παθεῖν δεινόν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.94.9, compare 5.32.1, 5.86.8)]: this construction is found also in signification [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111.)]
A.III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε᾽ ἀκούω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.524; κᾶρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑ. καλλινίκου ἅρμασι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.32; Σκύθαι μὲν ὧδε ὑ. σφέων τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς χώρης τῆς κατύπερθε λέγουσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.8)]; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων variant in [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.123; τοὺς ὑ. τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 20)]; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 39e, “Lg.” 776e)]; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 24.4, compare 21, 16.20; ὑ. οὗ.. ὁμολογῶ.. διαφέρεσθαι τούτοις 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.31)]; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον] [Refs 3rd c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.94; ἔγραψάς μοι ὑ. τῶν καμίνων “PCair.Zen.” 273.2 (3rd c.BC))]; ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PSI” 6.554.24 (3rd c.BC))]; ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν.. ὄλυραν [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 46.4 (2nd c.BC))]; συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.43.1)]; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk of sending L., [Refs ([prev. author] 5.18.5, compare 6)]; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.93; ὑ. τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν.. ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.152; ἐκ τῶν ἐμφανῶν ὑ. τῶν ἀφανῶν πιστεύειν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 4.138b; with verbs expressing emotion, ποίας.. γυναικὸς ἐκφοβεῖσθ᾽ ὕ.; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 989; εἰ τὰ παρὰ σοὶ καλῶς ἔχει, θάρρει ὑ. ἐκείνων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.17; οὐδεὶς ὑ. μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται κατασφαγείσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 101 (approaching sense 11.1).)]
B WITH ACCUSATIVE
B.I of Place in reference to motion, over, beyond, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, e.g. ὑ. ὦμον ἤλυθ᾽ ἀκωκή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.16, compare 851; ἀλάλησθε.. ὑπεἰρ ἅλα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.73, compare 7.135, +others, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 250, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1145 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. τὸν δρύφακτον ὑπερτιθέμενοι 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.22.10)]: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Critias” 108e, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.6d; τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑ. τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπερίσχον 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.84.9; τῶν ὑ. τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων [prev. author] 2.14.6; ὑ. Μασσαλίαν [prev. author] 2.16.1; λόφον κείμενον ὑ. τὴν ὁδόν [prev. author] 2.27.5, compare 3.47.2, +others; τῶν συριῶν ὑ. τὴν σκηνὴν οὐσῶν “PHib.” 1.38.7 (3rd c.BC))]; οὐλὴ.. ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 76.13 (3rd c.BC))]; τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον.. σπόνδυλον [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.102; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 4.135a.)]
B.II of Measure, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.28; ὑ. τὸ βέλτιστον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 378 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. ἐλπίδα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 366 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. δύναμιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.16; μεγέθει ὑ. τοὺς ἐν τῇ νηΐ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 488b; ὑ. ἄνθρωπον εἶναι [prev. author] “Lg.” 839d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Vit.Auct.” 2)]; ὑ. ἡμᾶς beyond our powers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 128b; ὑ. τὴν ἀξίαν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 146; ὑ. τὴν οὐσίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 372b)]; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (compare (ὕδωρ 1.4) 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pr.Im.” 29.)]
B.II.b after comparative, than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ... [LXX (LXX.Judg.18.26: so after Posit., τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὑ. αὐτόν)] better than he,[LXX (LXX.3Ki.2.32.)]
B.II.2 of transgression, in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opposed to κατ᾽ αἶσαν, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.59, +others; ὑ. Διὸς αἶσαν 17.321; ὑ. μοῖραν 20.336)]; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον)[Refs ([prev. work] 30; ὑ. θεόν 17.327; ὑ. ὅρκια 3.299, +others)]
B.III of Number, above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.41.23, compare 22.48, +others; ὑ. τεσσεράκοντα ἄνδρας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.64)]; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (i.e. ἔτη) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.13; ὑ. τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονόσι [prev. author] “Cyr.” 1.2.4)]; ὑ. ἥμισυ more than half, [Refs ([prev. work] 3.3.47.)]
B.IV of Time, beyond, i.e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.41; ὑ. τὴν φθοράν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 23c.)]
B.V in some dialects, in sense [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.1,2)], on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“SIG” 437 (Delph., 3rd c.BC), +others,compare “IG” 42(1).109iv113 (Epid., 3rd c.BC), 5(2).438-40,442 (Megalopolis, 2nd c.BC), 42(1).380,665 (Epid., 1st c.AD), “IPE” 4.71.10 (Cherson., 2nd c.AD))]; in sense [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111)], concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς [LXX (LXX.Ruth.1.13.)]
C WITH DAT., only [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, μαχόμενοι ὑ. τᾷ τᾶς πόλιος ἐλευθερίᾳ)] fighting for.., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (Inscriptiones Graecae 5(2).16 (Tegea, 3rd c.BC).)]
D POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its substantive, but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.339, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.450, +others, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1444, etc.)]
E AS adverb., over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 627 (Lyric poetry))]; also written ὑπεράγαν, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 3.2.9, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 3.38, etc.)]; compare ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσ; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am more [than they], [NT (NT.2Cor.11.23.)]
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), signifies over, above, in all relations, e. g.,
F.1 of Place, over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος.
F.2 of doing a thing for or in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω.
F.3 above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.
Epic dialect also ὑπείρ, used by [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (for the sake of meter) only in the phrase ὑπεὶρ ἅλα (see. ὑπείρ); 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] ὁπέρ (which see): in Aeolic dialect replaced by περί (see. περί [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V): _preposition_ governing _genitive_ and _accusative_, in 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] also dative (Cf. Sanskrit upaári 'above', Gothic ufar, O[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] ofer 'over':—from it are formed the comparative and superlative ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also adverb ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.)
A WITH GENIT.,
A.I of Place, over;
A.I.1 in a state of rest, over, above, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, βάλε.. στέρνον ὑ. μαζοῖο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.528)]; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων not reaching to the knees, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.4.13; ἕστηκε.. ὅσον τ᾽ ὄργυι᾽ ὑ. αἴης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.327; εἴθ᾽ ὑ. γῆς, εἴτ᾽ ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴθ᾽ ὑπὸ γῆς 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Igne” 1)]; στῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood over his head as he lay asleep, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.20, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.803, +others; πασάων ὕ. ἥ γε κάρη ἔχει 6.107; ὑ. πόλιος, ὅθι Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, ἦα 16.471)]; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι over head, i. e. over the gateway, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187; ὑ. τῆς ὀροφῆς “IG” 12.373.246; ὑ. τοῦ ἀγάλματος [prev. work]264; ὄρος τὸ ὑ. Τεγέης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.105)]; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Agesilaus” 2.20)]; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.65; λιμὴν καὶ πόλις ὑ. αὐτοῦ κεῖται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.46, compare 6.4, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 40.14)]: of relative geographical position, above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.175; ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑ. Αἰγύπτου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.48; τοῖς ὑ. Χερρονήσου Θρᾳξίν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.2; ὑ. Μασσαλίας 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.14.8, compare 5.73.3, +others)]: in Hellenistic Gr. the accusative is commoner in this sense, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus I.)]
A.I.1.b of ships at sea, off a place, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.112, 8.95; ναυμαχίην τὴν ὑ. Μιλήτου γενομένην 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.25; ὑ. τούτου (i.e. Φαλήρου) ἀνακωχεύσαντες τὰς νέας [prev. work] 116.)]
A.I.2 in a state of motion, over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.382; τὸν δ᾽ ὑ. οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.575; πηδῶντος.. τάφρων ὕ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1279; ὑ. θαλάσσης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 576)]; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [τῶν ξιφῶν] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 2.11.)]
A.I.3 over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.257.)]
A.II metaphorically, in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.449; ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑ. Δαναῶν 1.444)]: generally, for the prosperity or safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.39.65, compare 45.5; ἱερὰ θυόμενα ὑ. τῆς πόλεως 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.2.13; ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς θυσίας ὑ. τε ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων “UPZ” 14.27 (2nd c.BC))]; in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ᾽ ἀνέθηκεν.. εὐξαμένη.. ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.524, compare 22.4403, 42(1).569 (Epid.); Ἀρτέμιδι Σωτείρᾳ ὑ. βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου Ἐπικράτης Ἀθηναῖος “OGI” 18 (Egypt, 3rd c.BC), compare 365 (Amasia, 2nd c.BC), +others; ὑ. τῆς εἰς αἰῶνα διαμονῆς Ἀντωνείνου Καίσαρος [prev. work]702.3 (Egypt, 2nd c.AD); ὑ. τῆς τύχης.. Ἀντωνείνου Σεβαστοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς [prev. work]703.2 (Ptolemais, 2nd c.AD); ὑ. σωτηρίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν.. Ἀντωνείνου [prev. work]706 (Egypt, 2nd-3rd c.AD))]; εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 705)]; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 642c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.6; ἧς ἔθνῃσχ᾽ ὕ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 708; ὑ. γῆς τῆς Ἀθηναίων ναυμαχέειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.70; ὑ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀμῦναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 692d)]; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 8.105; νῦν ὑ. πάντων ἀγών 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 405; ὑ. δόξης τελευτήσαντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.210, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.93)]; πάνθ᾽ ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός in your interests, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.80, compare 83; ὑ. τῆς Ἀσίας στρατηγήσας 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.154)]; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.225)]; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42 (1).121.10,42, 123.11 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 68.3 (2nd c.BC))]; sometimes even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ. about slavery, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 111 (Lyric poetry), compare 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.10.)]
A.II.2 for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν on his own behalf, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.141; ὑ. τινὸς ἀποκρίνεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 590a; προλέγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.3; ἐπεὶ οὖν σὺ σιωπᾷς, ἐγὼ λέξω καὶ ὑ. σοῦ καὶ ὑ. ἡμῶν [prev. author] “Cyr.” 3.3.14, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 554)]; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων as Zeno's representative, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PSI” 4.389.8 (3rd c.BC))]; ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“PGrenf.” 2.17.9 (2nd c.BC))]; θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ᾽ ἔσεσθ᾽ ὑ. Φιλίππου as though by commission from P., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.6)]; so in other dialects with accusative, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus see)]
A.II.3 in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ᾽ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.665, compare 660)]; then more metaphorically, by, λίσσομ᾽ ὑ. ψυχῆς (as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (22.338, compare 24.466; λίσσομ᾽ ὑ. θυέων καὶ δαίμονος.. σῆς τ᾽ αὐτοῦ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἑταίρων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.261; λίσσου᾽ ὑ. μακάρων σέο τ᾽ αὐτῆς ἠδὲ τοκήων 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.701)]; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός in the name of Zeus, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 7.499.2 (3rd c.BC: Theaetetus Epigrammaticus))]; so Aeolic dialect περ (see. περί [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V).)]
A.II.4 of the cause or motive, for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 1125 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. παθέων [prev. author] “Hipp.” 159 (Lyric poetry); ἔριδος ὕ. [prev. author] “Andr.” 490 (Lyric poetry))]; of punishment or reward, for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ᾽ ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 932 (_anapaest meter_), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 11.39, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.43, 4.20, 13.41,42, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.4)]; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father's property shall pay the fine for the father, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“Leg.Gort.” 11.42; ἀποτεισάτω ὁ δεσπότης ὑ. τοῦ δούλου “PHal.” 1.198 (3rd c.BC))]; τοῦτον (i.e. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 121.24 (2nd c.BC))]; τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον as a thank-offering for.., [Refs 1st c.BC+ (Sammelb. 3926.12 (1st c.BC))]; ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.57; ἀποδοῦναι χάριν ὑ. ὧν.. ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργέτησεν [prev. author] 4.56)]; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου [Refs (“IG” 12.140.2)]; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου on account of H., i.e. debiting H.'s account, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“PFay.” 16 (1st c.BC))]; μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον for the credit of your account, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (PAmh. 2.88.22 (2nd c.AD))]; ὑ. λαογραφίας [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“Ostr.Bodl.” iii 80 (1st c.AD))]; ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (“Ostr.” 1479 (3rd c.AD))]; ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 3.126a, compare 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 3.39.)]
A.II.5 ὑ. τοῦ μή with infinitive, for the purpose of preventing or avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα.. βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 4.3; ὑ. τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ προσταττόμενον 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.64, compare 12.80; τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπέμειναν.. ὑ. τοῦ μὴ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιῆσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.204: also without μή,)] for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die for the sake of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.94; μὴ τοσαύτην ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν ὑ. τοῦ βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡλίκην ὑ. τοῦ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς παθεῖν δεινόν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.94.9, compare 5.32.1, 5.86.8)]: this construction is found also in signification [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111.)]
A.III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε᾽ ἀκούω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.524; κᾶρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑ. καλλινίκου ἅρμασι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.32; Σκύθαι μὲν ὧδε ὑ. σφέων τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς χώρης τῆς κατύπερθε λέγουσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.8)]; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων variant in [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.123; τοὺς ὑ. τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 20)]; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 39e, “Lg.” 776e)]; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 24.4, compare 21, 16.20; ὑ. οὗ.. ὁμολογῶ.. διαφέρεσθαι τούτοις 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.31)]; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον] [Refs 3rd c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.94; ἔγραψάς μοι ὑ. τῶν καμίνων “PCair.Zen.” 273.2 (3rd c.BC))]; ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PSI” 6.554.24 (3rd c.BC))]; ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν.. ὄλυραν [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“UPZ” 46.4 (2nd c.BC))]; συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.43.1)]; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk of sending L., [Refs ([prev. author] 5.18.5, compare 6)]; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.93; ὑ. τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν.. ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.152; ἐκ τῶν ἐμφανῶν ὑ. τῶν ἀφανῶν πιστεύειν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 4.138b; with verbs expressing emotion, ποίας.. γυναικὸς ἐκφοβεῖσθ᾽ ὕ.; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 989; εἰ τὰ παρὰ σοὶ καλῶς ἔχει, θάρρει ὑ. ἐκείνων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.17; οὐδεὶς ὑ. μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται κατασφαγείσης 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 101 (approaching sense 11.1).)]
B WITH ACCUSATIVE
B.I of Place in reference to motion, over, beyond, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, e.g. ὑ. ὦμον ἤλυθ᾽ ἀκωκή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.16, compare 851; ἀλάλησθε.. ὑπεἰρ ἅλα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.73, compare 7.135, +others, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 250, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1145 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. τὸν δρύφακτον ὑπερτιθέμενοι 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.22.10)]: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Critias” 108e, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.6d; τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑ. τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπερίσχον 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.84.9; τῶν ὑ. τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων [prev. author] 2.14.6; ὑ. Μασσαλίαν [prev. author] 2.16.1; λόφον κείμενον ὑ. τὴν ὁδόν [prev. author] 2.27.5, compare 3.47.2, +others; τῶν συριῶν ὑ. τὴν σκηνὴν οὐσῶν “PHib.” 1.38.7 (3rd c.BC))]; οὐλὴ.. ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 76.13 (3rd c.BC))]; τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον.. σπόνδυλον [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.102; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 4.135a.)]
B.II of Measure, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.28; ὑ. τὸ βέλτιστον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 378 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. ἐλπίδα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 366 (Lyric poetry); ὑ. δύναμιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.16; μεγέθει ὑ. τοὺς ἐν τῇ νηΐ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 488b; ὑ. ἄνθρωπον εἶναι [prev. author] “Lg.” 839d, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Vit.Auct.” 2)]; ὑ. ἡμᾶς beyond our powers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 128b; ὑ. τὴν ἀξίαν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 146; ὑ. τὴν οὐσίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 372b)]; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (compare (ὕδωρ 1.4) 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Pr.Im.” 29.)]
B.II.b after comparative, than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ... [LXX (LXX.Judg.18.26: so after Posit., τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὑ. αὐτόν)] better than he,[LXX (LXX.3Ki.2.32.)]
B.II.2 of transgression, in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opposed to κατ᾽ αἶσαν, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.59, +others; ὑ. Διὸς αἶσαν 17.321; ὑ. μοῖραν 20.336)]; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον)[Refs ([prev. work] 30; ὑ. θεόν 17.327; ὑ. ὅρκια 3.299, +others)]
B.III of Number, above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.41.23, compare 22.48, +others; ὑ. τεσσεράκοντα ἄνδρας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.64)]; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (i.e. ἔτη) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.13; ὑ. τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονόσι [prev. author] “Cyr.” 1.2.4)]; ὑ. ἥμισυ more than half, [Refs ([prev. work] 3.3.47.)]
B.IV of Time, beyond, i.e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.41; ὑ. τὴν φθοράν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 23c.)]
B.V in some dialects, in sense [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.1,2)], on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“SIG” 437 (Delph., 3rd c.BC), +others,compare “IG” 42(1).109iv113 (Epid., 3rd c.BC), 5(2).438-40,442 (Megalopolis, 2nd c.BC), 42(1).380,665 (Epid., 1st c.AD), “IPE” 4.71.10 (Cherson., 2nd c.AD))]; in sense [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111)], concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς [LXX (LXX.Ruth.1.13.)]
C WITH DAT., only [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, μαχόμενοι ὑ. τᾷ τᾶς πόλιος ἐλευθερίᾳ)] fighting for.., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (Inscriptiones Graecae 5(2).16 (Tegea, 3rd c.BC).)]
D POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its substantive, but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.339, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.450, +others, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1444, etc.)]
E AS adverb., over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 627 (Lyric poetry))]; also written ὑπεράγαν, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 3.2.9, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 3.38, etc.)]; compare ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσ; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am more [than they], [NT (NT.2Cor.11.23.)]
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), signifies over, above, in all relations, e. g.,
F.1 of Place, over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος.
F.2 of doing a thing for or in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω.
F.3 above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.