Strong G4026περιΐστημι
to stand around
- Transliteration
- periistēmi
- Pronunciation
- per-ee-is'-tay-mee
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Detailed definition
περι-ίστημι (Rec. ΐστημι)
[in LXX: Jos.6:3 (סָבַב), 2Ki.13:31 (נָצַב ni.), 1Ki.4:16, Ep. Jer.37:1-21, Jdth.5:22, 2Ma.14:9 *;]
1. to place around.
2. to stand around: Jhn.11:42; with accusative of person(s), Act.25:7. Mid. (in late writers), to turn oneself about to avoid, to shun: with accusative of thing(s), 2Ti.2:16, Tit.3:9.†
(AS)
[in LXX: Jos.6:3 (סָבַב), 2Ki.13:31 (נָצַב ni.), 1Ki.4:16, Ep. Jer.37:1-21, Jdth.5:22, 2Ma.14:9 *;]
1. to place around.
2. to stand around: Jhn.11:42; with accusative of person(s), Act.25:7. Mid. (in late writers), to turn oneself about to avoid, to shun: with accusative of thing(s), 2Ti.2:16, Tit.3:9.†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4026 appears in 4 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- stand2
- avoid1
- shun1
First verses
- John 11:42And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast sent me.
- Acts 25:7And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.
- 2 Timothy 2:16But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness.
- Titus 3:9But avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and vain.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
περιίστημι,.
in the transitive tenses (with perfect περιέστᾰκα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Axiochus” 370d))], place round, π. τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.108, etc.; π. στήλην τινί 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.24; π. κύτος τῷ ζῴῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 78c; στράτευμα περὶ πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.1: _metaphorically_, π. τινὶ ἔτι πλείω κακά 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.123; κινδύνους τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 12.15.7; π. ἀγῶνάς τισι 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Comp. Ag.Gracch.” 5.)]
2 bring round, ὁ δῆμος εἰς ἑαυτὸν περιέστησε τὴν πολιτείαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1304a33; εἰς τοὐναντίον π. τινὰ τῷ λόγῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Ax.” l)].with; εἰς τοσοῦτον π. τινά, ὥστε.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Heraclides Ponticus Historicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 12.537c)]; especially into a worse state, εἰς τοῦθ᾽ ἡ τύχη τὰ πράγματα αὐτῶν περιέστησεν ὥστε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.47, compare 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.82; π. εἰς μοναρχίαν τὴν πολιτείαν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.8.2)]; οἴκους εἰς πενίαν π. [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 7.3.5)]; convert, εἰς τὸ περιφερὲς [τὸν ἀέρα] [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 2p.51U.)]; transfer, π. τὰς ἑαυτοῦ συμφορὰς εἴς τινα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 40.20; π. τὴν αἰτίαν εἴς τινα 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 3.3.)]
II in aorist 1 middle, place round oneself, ξυστοφόρων κύκλον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.41; φρουρὰν περὶ τὸ σῶμα 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 3.4.)]
B passive and middle, with aorist 2 (aorist 1, see.below [Refs (2),)]perfect, and pluperfect active:—stand round about, περίστησαν γὰρ ἑταῖροι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.532)]; κῦμα περιστάθη a wave rose around (Epic dialect aorist passive), [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.243; περιστῆναι περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 84e; τοῦ περιεστῶτος ἔξωθεν πνεύματος [prev. work] 76b)]; οἱ περιεστῶτες the bystanders, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.14; ὄχλου πολλοῦ περιστάντος “IG” 42(1).123.25 (Epid.).)]
B.2 with accusative objecti, encircle, surround, χορὸν περιίσταθ᾽ ὅμιλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.603)]; βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο (perhaps περίστησάν τε)[Refs 8th c.BC+ (2.410, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.356)]; μή πώς με περιστήωσ᾽ ἕνα πολλοί (Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive aorist 2 for -στῶσι) that their numbers surround me not, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.95, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.50; so περιστάντες [τὸ θηρίον] κύκλῳ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.43, compare 9.5, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 379, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432b; π. τὸν λόφον τῷ στρατεύματι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.5: _metaphorically_, τὸ περιεστὸς ἡμᾶς δεινόν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.10, compare 7.70; τοσούτου πολέμου τὴν Ἀσίαν περιστάντος 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.162; χωρὶς τῆς περιστάσης ἂν ἡμᾶς αἰσχύνης 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.8; διὰ τὸν φόβον τὸν περιστάντα αὐτούς 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.137; φόβος π. τινά 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.54, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.195.)]
B.3 with dative, περιισταμένους τῇ κλίνῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 947b)]: mostly metaphorically, come round to one, ἡμῖν.. ἀδοξία τὸ πλέον ἢ ἔπαινος περιέστη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76; τῇ [Ἑλλάδι] δουλεία περιέστηκε 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.60; τοῦ πολέμου περιεστηκότος Θηβαίοις 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 16.28; πηλίκα τῇ πόλει περιέστηκε πράγματα [prev. author] 19.340)]; ἀνάγκη π. τινί, with infinitive, [Refs ([prev. work]212: _absolutely_, of)]circumstances, mostly bad, τὰ περιεστηκότα πράγματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.32, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 38; οἱ περιεστῶτες καιροί 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.86.7.)]
B.II come round, revolve, κύκλῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 217a19)]; of winds, ἐκ τῶν ἀπαρκτίων εἰς θρασκίας [Refs ([prev. author] “Mete.” 365a6)]; of Time, περιισταμένης τῆς ὥρας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 2.11.2, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος ἀνθρώπου” 7.)]
B.II.2 come round to, devolve upon, περιειστήκει ὑποψία ἐς τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.61; νομίσαντες τὸ παρανόμημα ἐς τοὺς Αθηναίους τὸ αὐτὸ περιεστάναι [prev. author] 7.18)]; εἰς ὀλίγους ἡμᾶς περιέστη [ἡ στατίων] [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IG” 14.830.8 (Puteoli, 2nd c.AD).)]
B.II.3 of events, come round, turn out, especially for the worse, ἐξ ἀρρωστίης π. τινὶ ἐς ὕδερον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Κωακαὶ προγνώσιες” 471 (but also of persons, ἐς ὕδρωπα περιίσταντο)] became dropsical, [Refs ([prev. author] “Epid.” 3.13))]; ἐς τοῦτο περιέστη ἡ τύχη fortune was so completely reversed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.12)]; τοὐναντίον περιέστη αὐτῷ it turned out quite contrary for him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.24, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.64, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 70c; ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λόγος εἰς τοὐναντίον περιειστήκει [prev. author] “R.” 343a)]; φιλεῖ ἐς τύχας τὰ πολλὰ περιίστασθαι come to be dependent on chances, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.78; εἰ τὰ μὲν πράγματ᾽ εἰς ὅπερ νυνὶ περιέστη 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.201, compare 3.9; τὸ πρᾶγμ᾽ εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη [prev. author] 21.111, compare 37.10)]; ἐνταῦθα τὰ πράγματα π. ὥστε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.59, compare 5.55)]; περιέστηκεν εἰς τοῦτο ὥστε.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 3)]: with infinitive, περιειστήκει τοῖς βοηθείας δεήσεσθαι δοκοῦσιν αὐτοὺς βοηθεῖν ἑτέροις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.218, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 244d)]: with participle, περιέστηκεν ἡ πρότερον σωφροσύνη νῦν ἀβουλία φαινομένη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.32.)]
B.III later, go round so as to avoid, shun, τὰς ἁμαρτίας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.384 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus; τὴν ὁμιλίαν 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 1.1.4; κύνας 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Herm.” 86)] (though he censures this usage, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Sol.” 5), compare 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 10.14, 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “de Abstinentia - Porphyrii Opuscula” 4.7, etc.; τὸν κίνδυνον 4th c.AD: Iamblichus Philosophus “de vita Pythagorica” 33.239)]; τὸ μοναρχικόν[NT+2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 31.189; τὴν ἀφροσύνην 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 11.93; κενοφωνίας NT.2Tim.2.16; τὸ εἰκῇ καὶ μάτην 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 3.4; τοὺς ἡγουμένους 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 4.59)]; π. μὴ.. to be afraid lest.., [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 4.6.12)]; sneak round, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.99 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)]; circumvent, τοὺς λογιστάς Mitteis [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Chr.” 88iv 11 (2nd c.AD))]:—so in passive, περιεσταμένης τῆς λογοθεσίας [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“BGU” 1019.8 (2nd c.AD).)]
in the transitive tenses (with perfect περιέστᾰκα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Axiochus” 370d))], place round, π. τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.108, etc.; π. στήλην τινί 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.24; π. κύτος τῷ ζῴῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 78c; στράτευμα περὶ πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.1: _metaphorically_, π. τινὶ ἔτι πλείω κακά 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.123; κινδύνους τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 12.15.7; π. ἀγῶνάς τισι 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Comp. Ag.Gracch.” 5.)]
2 bring round, ὁ δῆμος εἰς ἑαυτὸν περιέστησε τὴν πολιτείαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1304a33; εἰς τοὐναντίον π. τινὰ τῷ λόγῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Ax.” l)].with; εἰς τοσοῦτον π. τινά, ὥστε.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Heraclides Ponticus Historicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 12.537c)]; especially into a worse state, εἰς τοῦθ᾽ ἡ τύχη τὰ πράγματα αὐτῶν περιέστησεν ὥστε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.47, compare 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.82; π. εἰς μοναρχίαν τὴν πολιτείαν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.8.2)]; οἴκους εἰς πενίαν π. [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 7.3.5)]; convert, εἰς τὸ περιφερὲς [τὸν ἀέρα] [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 2p.51U.)]; transfer, π. τὰς ἑαυτοῦ συμφορὰς εἴς τινα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 40.20; π. τὴν αἰτίαν εἴς τινα 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 3.3.)]
II in aorist 1 middle, place round oneself, ξυστοφόρων κύκλον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.41; φρουρὰν περὶ τὸ σῶμα 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 3.4.)]
B passive and middle, with aorist 2 (aorist 1, see.below [Refs (2),)]perfect, and pluperfect active:—stand round about, περίστησαν γὰρ ἑταῖροι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.532)]; κῦμα περιστάθη a wave rose around (Epic dialect aorist passive), [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.243; περιστῆναι περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 84e; τοῦ περιεστῶτος ἔξωθεν πνεύματος [prev. work] 76b)]; οἱ περιεστῶτες the bystanders, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.14; ὄχλου πολλοῦ περιστάντος “IG” 42(1).123.25 (Epid.).)]
B.2 with accusative objecti, encircle, surround, χορὸν περιίσταθ᾽ ὅμιλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.603)]; βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο (perhaps περίστησάν τε)[Refs 8th c.BC+ (2.410, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.356)]; μή πώς με περιστήωσ᾽ ἕνα πολλοί (Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive aorist 2 for -στῶσι) that their numbers surround me not, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.95, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.50; so περιστάντες [τὸ θηρίον] κύκλῳ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.43, compare 9.5, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 379, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432b; π. τὸν λόφον τῷ στρατεύματι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.5: _metaphorically_, τὸ περιεστὸς ἡμᾶς δεινόν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.10, compare 7.70; τοσούτου πολέμου τὴν Ἀσίαν περιστάντος 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.162; χωρὶς τῆς περιστάσης ἂν ἡμᾶς αἰσχύνης 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.8; διὰ τὸν φόβον τὸν περιστάντα αὐτούς 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.137; φόβος π. τινά 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.54, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.195.)]
B.3 with dative, περιισταμένους τῇ κλίνῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 947b)]: mostly metaphorically, come round to one, ἡμῖν.. ἀδοξία τὸ πλέον ἢ ἔπαινος περιέστη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76; τῇ [Ἑλλάδι] δουλεία περιέστηκε 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.60; τοῦ πολέμου περιεστηκότος Θηβαίοις 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 16.28; πηλίκα τῇ πόλει περιέστηκε πράγματα [prev. author] 19.340)]; ἀνάγκη π. τινί, with infinitive, [Refs ([prev. work]212: _absolutely_, of)]circumstances, mostly bad, τὰ περιεστηκότα πράγματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.32, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 38; οἱ περιεστῶτες καιροί 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.86.7.)]
B.II come round, revolve, κύκλῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 217a19)]; of winds, ἐκ τῶν ἀπαρκτίων εἰς θρασκίας [Refs ([prev. author] “Mete.” 365a6)]; of Time, περιισταμένης τῆς ὥρας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 2.11.2, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος ἀνθρώπου” 7.)]
B.II.2 come round to, devolve upon, περιειστήκει ὑποψία ἐς τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.61; νομίσαντες τὸ παρανόμημα ἐς τοὺς Αθηναίους τὸ αὐτὸ περιεστάναι [prev. author] 7.18)]; εἰς ὀλίγους ἡμᾶς περιέστη [ἡ στατίων] [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“IG” 14.830.8 (Puteoli, 2nd c.AD).)]
B.II.3 of events, come round, turn out, especially for the worse, ἐξ ἀρρωστίης π. τινὶ ἐς ὕδερον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Κωακαὶ προγνώσιες” 471 (but also of persons, ἐς ὕδρωπα περιίσταντο)] became dropsical, [Refs ([prev. author] “Epid.” 3.13))]; ἐς τοῦτο περιέστη ἡ τύχη fortune was so completely reversed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.12)]; τοὐναντίον περιέστη αὐτῷ it turned out quite contrary for him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.24, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.64, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 70c; ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λόγος εἰς τοὐναντίον περιειστήκει [prev. author] “R.” 343a)]; φιλεῖ ἐς τύχας τὰ πολλὰ περιίστασθαι come to be dependent on chances, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.78; εἰ τὰ μὲν πράγματ᾽ εἰς ὅπερ νυνὶ περιέστη 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.201, compare 3.9; τὸ πρᾶγμ᾽ εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη [prev. author] 21.111, compare 37.10)]; ἐνταῦθα τὰ πράγματα π. ὥστε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.59, compare 5.55)]; περιέστηκεν εἰς τοῦτο ὥστε.. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 3)]: with infinitive, περιειστήκει τοῖς βοηθείας δεήσεσθαι δοκοῦσιν αὐτοὺς βοηθεῖν ἑτέροις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.218, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 244d)]: with participle, περιέστηκεν ἡ πρότερον σωφροσύνη νῦν ἀβουλία φαινομένη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.32.)]
B.III later, go round so as to avoid, shun, τὰς ἁμαρτίας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.384 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus; τὴν ὁμιλίαν 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 1.1.4; κύνας 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Herm.” 86)] (though he censures this usage, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Sol.” 5), compare 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 10.14, 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “de Abstinentia - Porphyrii Opuscula” 4.7, etc.; τὸν κίνδυνον 4th c.AD: Iamblichus Philosophus “de vita Pythagorica” 33.239)]; τὸ μοναρχικόν[NT+2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 31.189; τὴν ἀφροσύνην 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 11.93; κενοφωνίας NT.2Tim.2.16; τὸ εἰκῇ καὶ μάτην 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 3.4; τοὺς ἡγουμένους 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 4.59)]; π. μὴ.. to be afraid lest.., [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 4.6.12)]; sneak round, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.99 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)]; circumvent, τοὺς λογιστάς Mitteis [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Chr.” 88iv 11 (2nd c.AD))]:—so in passive, περιεσταμένης τῆς λογοθεσίας [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“BGU” 1019.8 (2nd c.AD).)]