Strong G3801ο ων και ο ην και ο ερχομενος

Related to: εἰμί
(sum), Aeolic dialect ἔμμι [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 2.15, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 20.32)]; Cretan dialect ἠμί [Refs (“GDI” 4959a)]; 2nd pers. singular εἶ, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect εἰς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.388, +others, _Aeolic dialect_ ἔσσι)], Epic dialect and Doric dialect ἐσσί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.176, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.90, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 134; ἐσί “GDI” 4959a)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἐστί, Doric dialect ἐντί [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12(1).677 (from Rhodes), 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.17, etc.)]; 3rd.pers. dual ἐστόν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.112)]; 1st pers. plural ἐσμέν, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect εἰμέν (also in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.60), ἐμέν 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 294)], Doric dialect εἰμές [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.73, but ἠμέν “GDI” 5178.34)]; 3rd.pers. plural εἰσί (-ίν), Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ἔασι (-ιν) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.73, 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 8.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Antimachus Colophonius Elegiacus et Epicus 29, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.84)], Doric dialect ἐντί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 1.24, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 11.45, “IG” 9(1).32.22 (from Phocis), etc.: _imperative_ ἴσθι (ἔσθι 4th-5th c.BC: Hecataeus Milesius Historicus 361 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus))], Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also in middle form ἔσσο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.200, 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.28, Macedonius Lyricus “Paean” 31, late Prose ἔσο 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.241d, 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 3.5, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 5.12, 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “ad Marcellam - Porphyrii Opuscula” 34)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἔστω (ἤτω [LXX+5th c.BC+ (LXX.Psa.103.31, and late Inscrr., “CIG” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” 2664, +others; but in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 361c to be read ἴτω), _Doric dialect_ εἴτω, ἤτω, 4th c.AD: Heraclides Historicus cited in 12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 1411.21, Elean ἤστω “Schwyzer” 424)]; 3rd.pers. plural ἔστωσαν, but ἔστων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 502a, ὄντων [prev. author] “Lg.” 879b)], and early Attic dialect Inscrr., [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“IG” 12.22, etc. (ἔστωσαν first in 2nd c.BC, [prev. work]22.1328), _Doric dialect_ ἐόντων [prev. work]1126:)]subjunctive ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, Epic dialect ἔω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.18)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἔῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.300, +others (also ἔῃσι 2.366, +others, ᾖσι (ν) 19.202, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 294))], also Boeotian dialect ἔνθω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3172.165, μετείω 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.47 and perhaps εἴῃ 9.245, etc.)]; Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ὦντι [Refs (“SIG” 940.3 (from Crete), ἔωντι “GDI” 5040.14 (from Hierapytna))], Boeotian dialect ἴωνθι [Refs 6th c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3171.46 (3rd c.BC): _optative_ εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 715))], -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.284, 142, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.6)]; 3rd.pers. plural εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. [Refs (1911.133 (from Gonni))]; 3rd.pers. dual εἴτην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 149e, “Sph.” 243e)]; 1st pers. plural εἶμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 921 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)]; 2nd pers. plural εἶτε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.195)]; 3rd.pers. plural εἶεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.372, etc., εἴησαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.2, etc.)]; Elean ἔα, ={εἴη}, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (“SIG” 9 (6th c.BC), and σύν-εαν, ={συνεῖεν}, “GDI” 1149 (6th c.BC):)]infinitive εἶναι, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus ἦναι “SIG” 306.9 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]; Epic dialect ἔμμεναι (also Aeolic dialect ἔμμεν᾽ [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 34), ἔμμεν (also 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 6.42, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 623 (Lyric poetry)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ἔμειν “SIG” 1166 (from Dodona))]; Doric dialect εἶμεν Foed. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.77, 79, “IG” 7.1.7 (from Megara), ἦμεν “Test.Epict.” 5.16, “Tab.Heracl.” 1.75, Cretan dialect ἦμεν or ἤμην “Leg.Gort.” 1.15, +others, “GDI” 4998i 2, +others, Megarian dialect εἴμεναι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 775, εἴμειν “IG” 12(1).155.100 (from Rhodes), 14.952 (from Agrigentum); εἶν [prev. work] 12(9).211.10 (from Eretria), “SIG” 135.4 (from Olynthus), etc.:)]participle ὤν, Epic dialect ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th c.AD: Cypria ἰών “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.23 H.)]; Boeotian dialect feminine ἰῶσα [Refs (“IG” 7.3172.116 (Orchom.))], Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect feminine ἔσσα [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 75.4, “IG” 4.952.2 (Epid.), 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 28.16, ἐοῖσα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.265, ἔασσα “Lyrica Alexandrina Adespota” 9, Diotogenes Philosophus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 4.7.62, εὖσα Erinna Lyrica 5.5)] (also Ionic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 5.16, εὔντων 2.85), ἐᾶσα 5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 96d, “IG” 5(1).1470.8 (from Messene), ἴαττα “Leg.Gort.” 8.47; _accusative_ _sing._ εὖντα 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 2.3)]; nominative singular εἴς in [Refs 7th c.BC+ (4th c.AD: Heraclides Historicus cited in 12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 1756.13, _plural_ ἔντες “Tab.Heracl.” 1.117; _dative_ _plural_ ἔντασσι [prev. work]104; _genitive_ _plural_ παρ-έντων 7th c.BC: Alcman Lyricus 64)]: imperfect ἦν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.77, etc., _Epic dialect_ ἔον)] (also Aeolic dialect, [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 127, 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in 1787 “fragment” 3 ii 21), in _Attic dialect_ ἦ)] (uncertain in Aeolic dialect, [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 77, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 61b, etc., but usually altered to ἦν in codices (and ἦν)] is required by metre in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 280), _contraction_ from _Epic dialect_ and _Ionic dialect_ ἦα (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.808, +others, “IG” 12(8).449.2 (from Thasos))], whence Hom.and later Ionic dialect ἔᾱ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.321, +others, ἔας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187, ἔατε [prev. author] 4.119))]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἦεν, always with ν in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)]; ἔην as 1st pers. singular, only [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.762 (assuming variant, +others ἔον), frequently as _3rd.pers._ _sing._ (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sometimes also ἤην)]; 2nd pers. singular ἦσθα, later ἦς (which is variant in [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 1.26), sometimes in LXX (LXX.Judg.11.35, LXX.Ruth.3.2, +others), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Axiochus” 365e, Erinna Lyrica 4.4, NT.Matt.25.21, +others, ἦσθας 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 156, _Epic dialect_ ἔησθα)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἦν, Epic dialect ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (see. above), Doric dialect and Aeolic dialect ἦς [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 30.1, 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 102, 5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 59, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 2.90, “SIG” 241.145 (Delph.))]; 3rd.pers. dual ἤστην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.10, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 387, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 982, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 272a, +others)]; Doric dialect 1st pers. plural ἦμες [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lycurgus” 21)]; 2nd pers. plural ἦτε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 276c, ἦστε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 821, “Ec.” 1086)]; 3rd.pers. plural ἦσαν, Ionic dialect and poetical ἔσαν (in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 321, 825, ἦν is not _plural_ for ἦσαν)], but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, see below see, but is 3rd.pers. plural in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 46, +others, “SIG” 560.15 (Epidamnus, 3rd c.BC)))]; Aeolic dialect ἔον [NT+5th c.BC+ (“Schwyzer” 644.12; later ἤμην “PSI” 4.362.21 (3rd c.BC), “SIG” 527.46 (Crete, 3rd c.BC), “IGRom.” 4.1740 (from Cyme), always in LXX as LXX.Bar.1.19, cf. NT.Matt.23.30, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.174a, etc., and sometimes in codices of earlier writers, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 7.34, “Tragica Adespota” 124 (cited from 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 931 by 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus and from [prev. author] “Tr.” 474 by Aps.), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.9, 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “adv. Athenogenem” 26)], 2nd pers. singular ἦσο [Refs (“epigram Gr.” 379 (from Aezani))], 3rd.pers. singular ἦστο [Refs (“Supp.epigram” 1.455.7 (from Phrygia))], 1st pers. plural ἤμεθα [NT+3rd c.BC+ (“PPetr.” 2p.11 (3rd c.BC), LXX.Bar.1.19, LXX.1Ki.25.16, NT.Eph.2.3)]; subjunctive ὦμαι [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“PBaden” 48.12 (2nd c.BC), ἦται “GDI”, ἦνται probably in “IG” 5(1).1390.83 (from Andania))]; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect also ἔσκον, used by [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 656 (Lyric poetry):)]future ἔσομαι, ἔσται, Epic dialect and Aeolic dialect also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσετα; Aeolic dialect 2nd pers. singular ἔσσῃ probably in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 67, 87; _Doric dialect_ 2 and _3rd.pers._ _sing._ ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.393, 13.317, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 10.5, _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἐσσοῦνται Foed. cited in 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.77 codices (but ἔσσονται “Tab.Heracl.” 1.113))], infinitive ἐσσεῖσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophron Comicus 57.)] —All forms of the present indicative are enclitic (except 2nd pers. singular εἶ and 3rd.pers. plural ἔασι); but 3rd.pers. singular is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ᾽, Hdn.Gr.[Refs (1.553 (also μή _accusative_ to “Etymologicum Magnum” 301.3))]; later Grammars wrote ἔστι as substantive Verb, [Refs 9th c.AD+ (9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc., 12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 880.22.)]
A as the substantive Verb,
A.I of persons, exist, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ᾽ ἔσσεται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.437)]; ἔτ᾽ εἰσί they are still in being,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (15.433, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 445, etc.; τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐόντος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.289)]; οὐκέτ᾽ ἐστί he is no more, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1162)]; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long-lived, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.131)]; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.45, 44)]; οἱ ὄντες the living, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 9.29.2)]; ὁ ὤν the [LXX+8th c.BC+ (“Eternal”, LXX.Exo.3.14, +others, 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.289; θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.290)]; ἐσσόμενοι posterity,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (2.119; κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ᾽, ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ᾽ ἔτι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 284)]; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 190c; ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.72, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Generatione et Corruptione” 318b25)]; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.17, etc.)]; of cities, ὄλωλεν, οὐδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐστὶ Τροία [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1292, compare “Heracl.” 491)]; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Ma.” 27)]; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.17)]; of money, to be in hand, τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων [Refs (“IG” 12.91.25)]; τὰ ὄντα property, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 511a, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Antonius” 24, etc.)]; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ.. future revenue from.., [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“BCH” 46.420 (Olymos, 1st c.BC))]; of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, [NT (NT.Act.13.1)]; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, [Refs (“BGU” 146.4, etc.)]; in office, ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“PPar.” 5.4 (2nd c.BC))]; αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.[Refs (13.1.)]
A.II of the real world, be, opposed to become, γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 152d, etc.)]; τὸ ὄν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Being”, 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 8.35, 5th c.BC: Protagoras Philosophus 2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 27d, etc.)]; opposed to τὸ μὴ ὄν, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Gorgias Rhetor et Sophista “fragment” 3 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, etc.; οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.5U.; ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX.2Mac.7.28)]; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 7, 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 129.5, etc.)]; ὄνindeclinable, τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 6.2.10.)]
A.II.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen, τά τ᾽ ἐόντα, τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.70; ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.13, etc.)]; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, [Refs ([prev. author] 4.103)]; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, [Refs ([prev. author] 1.58; αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται [prev. author] 4.118)]; τί ἐστι; what is it? what's the matter? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 193)]; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτ; how came it to pass? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 58a: repeated with a _relative_ to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ᾽ ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ.)] things are as they are, i.e. are ill, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 67.)]
A.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.10)]; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 211c, compare “Phd.” 74b)]; frequently in participle, τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.95, 116)]; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 30; τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.8)]; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 584, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1052)]; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 328d, etc.)]; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.484), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.9, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 196d)]; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.97)]; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 9.11; τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 2.)]
A.IV followed by the relative, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.348; οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 903)]; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, ={οὐδενί}, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 293 (_anapaest meter_), compare 989: frequently in _plural_, εἰσὶν οἵ)], = Latin sunt qui, used exactly like{ἔνιοι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.88, 7.44, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 77d, “Grg.” 503a, etc. (εἰσί τινες οἵ.. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.24))]; ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.12, 65; ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν [prev. author] 2.67; ἦσαν οἵ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.2.14)]; the singular Verb is used even with masculine and feminine plural, ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀγμῶν” 1, “VC” 4, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.16)]; more frequently in oblique cases, ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.187; ἐστὶν ἀφ᾽ ὧν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.65)]; ἐστὶ παρ᾽ οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατ; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 85b: with _relative_ Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα)], = Latin est ubi, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.4.15, etc.)]; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 331d, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 517, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 448, etc.)]; in questions expecting a negative answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπω; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 35a, “R.” 493e, etc.; οὐ γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὅπως 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 61, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 620)]; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 188; οὐκ ἔ. ὡς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 76e, etc.)]; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ᾽ ὅτε, sometimes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 180.2, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 56, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.21, etc.)]
A.V ἦν is sometimes used with plural masculine and feminine, usually at the beginning of a sentence, there was, τῆς δ᾽ ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 321; (but in ἦν δ᾽ ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 46, compare 59, +others, it may be taken as _Doric dialect_ _3rd.pers._ _plural_))]; ἦν δ᾽ ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 520 (Lyric poetry))]; ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι epigram cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.184; less frequently ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.26, compare 7.34; ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 463a)]; before dual Nouns, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 58, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 500d.)]
A.VI ἔστι impersonal, with infinitive, it is possible, ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.246; ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.392)]; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (i.e. πιθέσθαι)[Refs 5th c.BC+ (4.193; τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 1055 (_anapaest meter_); ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.13, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1163, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.105, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.272, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 53.6, etc.)]; so in imperative, optative, and subjunctive, ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.10.7; μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 271e; ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν “IG” 2.1054.91: more frequently in _negative_ clauses, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.267, etc.)]; followed by ὥστε with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 656)]: with accusative et infinitive, ἁδόντα δ᾽ εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.96; ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 757)]: sometimes not impersonal in this sense, θάλασσα δ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ ἦν ἰδεῖν [Refs ([prev. author] “Pers.” 419.)]
A.VI.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted, ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 25; ἔστω σοι τοῦθ᾽ οὕτως 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.987b; ἔστω εἶναί τινα τοιοῦτον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator Chr.74.24.)]
B most frequently, to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import, τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 398d)]; especially in the phrase τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι, hoc est; Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Publicola” 17: with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν)] twice five are ten, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.4.7)]; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, see at {τι; οὐδὲν εἶναι} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 562d, etc.)]
B.2 periphrastic with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with perfect participle once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.873)]; so in Trag. and Attic dialect, ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 869)]; ἔσται δεδορκώς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1179; εἰμὶ γεγώς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1299; πεφυκός ἐστι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1473; δεδρακότες εἰσίν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.68; κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.36)]: with aorist participle, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, βλήμενος ἦν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.211)]; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 90, 1146, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 460)]: with present participle, ἦν προκείμενον [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Pers.” 371; φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν [prev. author] “Ch.” 136; εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1330)]; τί δ᾽ ἐστί.. φέρο; [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “OT” 991, compare 274, 708; λέγων ἐστίν τις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1179; ἦν τίς σ᾽ ὑβρίζων [prev. author] “HF” 313; πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Lysis” 204b; βαδίζων εἰμί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 36; frequently in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57, +others; even εἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49 (assuming variant):)] — if the _Article_ is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.171; αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 798; δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 197 (_anapaest meter_).)]
C εἶναι is frequently modified in sense by the addition of adverbs, or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:
C.I εἶναι with adverbs, where the adverb often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.122, etc.)]; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (4.22, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.82; σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 532; διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.424)]; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.134)]; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 356e: frequently _impersonal_ with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν)] it fared ill with them, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.551; εὖ γὰρ ἔσται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 89, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1188, etc.; ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.30.)]
C.II with genitive, to express descent or extraction, πατρὸς δ᾽ εἴμ᾽ ἀγαθοῖο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.109; αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.611, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.71, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.71, etc.; πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.3.19.)]
C.II.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.93; τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέων [prev. work] 186)]; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., [Refs ([prev. author] 5.92)].ή, etc.
C.II.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 345; ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.70; ὅσοι ἦσαν τῶν προτέρων στρατιωτῶν [prev. author] 7.44; Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.31)]; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.2.)]
C.II.d to express that a thing belongs to another, Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 269; τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.117, etc.)]: hence, to be of the party of, ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.56, compare 37.53)]; to be de pendent upon, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 737, etc.)]; to be at the mercy of, ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 917.)]
C.II.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like, οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 940; τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.16)]; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.142, compare 83.)]
C.II.f in LXX, to be occupied about, ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν [LXX (LXX.2Ch.30.17)]; ἔσεσθαι, with genitive, to be about to, ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε [LXX (LXX.2Ki.10.11.)]
C.III with the dative, ἐστί μοι I have, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.)]
C.III.2 with two datives., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.84; μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.283)]; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.33)]; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάν; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 29.36)]; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σο; Latin quid tecum est mihi? [NT (NT.Mark.5.7, etc.)]; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (i.e. ἐστίν) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.12; ἐν οἷς πρὸς τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐστὶ τῷ δήμῳ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.278)]; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, [Refs (“JHS” 18.113, etc.)]
C.III.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.108; οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.35; προσδεχομένῳ [prev. author] 6.46; θέλοντι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1356 (Lyric poetry); ἡδομένοις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 187c.)]
C.IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, ={εἶναί τινος}[Refs 5th c.BC+ ((above 11.a), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.6.9; εἰσὶν ἀπ᾽ ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 12d)]; but εἶναι ἀπ᾽ οἴκου to be away from.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.99.)]
C.IV.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ᾽ ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.154, 24.397, etc.)]; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Sophista” 256d.)]
C.IV.3 εἶναι ἐν.. to be in a certain state, ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.22)]; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.46, etc.; ἐν ταραχαῖς 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.218)]; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.130)]; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.18, etc.)]; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 562, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59a.)]
C.IV.3.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.109, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 963; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν [prev. author] “OT” 314; so also ἐπί τινι [prev. author] “Ph.” 1003, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.2, etc.)]
C.IV.4 εἶναι διά.., much like{εἶναι ἐν}.., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, ={φοβεῖσθαι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.34)]; εἶναι δι᾽ ὄχλου, ={ὀχληρὸν εἶναι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.73; εἶναι διὰ μόχθων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.25)]; εἶναι δι᾽ αἰτίας, ={αἰτιᾶσθαι}, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 1.70)]; Geometry texts, pass through, διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ κωνοειδέων καὶ σφαιροειδέων” 20.)]
C.IV.5 εἶναι ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.23)]; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, [Refs ([prev. author] 39.21)]; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., [Refs ([prev. author] 2.12)]; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, [Refs ([prev. author] 6.33)]; εἶναι ἐφ᾽ ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.6.11)]; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Biographus Perg. “Con.” 4.1)]; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, see above 3 b.
C.IV.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.10, 29, etc.)]; to suit, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.)]; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84c, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 5.31)]; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1309a6, “Ath.” 16.3; εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.26.3)]; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν[Refs 5th c.BC+ (Teles p.46 H.; εἶναι περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.5.7, etc.)]
C.IV.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Cyr.” 6.2.15, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.140.ά)] (assuming variant).
C.IV.8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.2.17 (assuming variant), 6.2.4.)]
C.IV.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 30.)]
C.IV.10 εἶναι ἀπό.., in Geometry texts, to be constructed upon, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 2.9, “Con.Sph.” 7.)]
D ἐστί is very frequently omitted, mostly in the present indicative before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neuter of Verbals in -τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less frequently with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 92, “Aj.” 813)]; εἶ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.206)]; ἐσμέν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 634)]; ἐστέ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.463)]; εἰσί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 499 (Lyric poetry), “IG” 2.778 B)]; subjunctive ᾖ, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.376, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 659, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.32)]; optative εἴη, [Refs (“IG” 22.1183.12)]; imperfect ἦν, [Refs ([prev. work]2.778 B)]; future ἔσονται, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.394.)]
E the Inf. frequently seems redundant,
E.1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (see. ἑκών) κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 2.32; εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 300c)]; τὸ ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 3.5.9, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.58; τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.28; τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.6.9; κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 317a)]; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Cra.” 396e, “La.” 201c, Theopomp. Comedy texts 98, Decrees cited in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 31.2, etc.)]
E.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 311e; σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.134)]; of giving, δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.20.)]
F imperfect ἦνissts. used where other languages take the present,
F.1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.64; Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ᾽ ἦν θεός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 359)]; ὡς ἄρ᾽ ἦσθ᾽ ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς[Refs 3rd c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1169; ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ᾽ ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων [prev. author] “IA” 1330; ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.79)]; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦ; what is this? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 157, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (“APo.” 82b38, +others))], used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dative in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, [Refs (“APr.” 67b12, “de An.” 429b10.)]
G ἐγώ εἰμι, in [LXX (LXX, pleonastic for ἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον LXX.Judg.11.27, compare 6.18; also ἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με LXX.Gen.4.14.)]