Strong G5456G5456Gφωνή
voice/sound: voice
One of the 2 senses of Strong G5456
- Transliteration
- phōnē
- Pronunciation
- fo-nay'
- Morphology
- Greek Noun (Feminine)
Definition
Probably akin to G5316 through the idea of disclosure; a tone (articulate bestial or artificial); by implication an address (for any purpose) saying or language: - noise sound voice.
Detailed definition
φωνή, -ῆς, ἡ,
[in LXX chiefly and very frequently for קוֹל;]
a voice;
__(a) prop., of persons, Mat.2:18 (LXX), al.; φ. αἴρειν (ἐπαίρειν), Luk.17:13, Act.2:14, al.; φ. μεγάλῃ εἰπεῖν (λέγειν, φωνεῖν, etc.), Luk.8:28, Act.7:57, Rev.5:12, al.; γίνεται (ἔρχεται) φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανῶν (ἐξ οὐρανοῦ), Mrk.1:11, Luk.3:22, Jhn.12:28, al. (cf. DCG, ii, 810a; Dalman, Words, 204f.); ἀκούειν φωνήν (-ῆς; see: ἀκούω), Act.9:4, 7 al.; φ. βοῶντος, Mat.3:3, Mrk.1:3, Luk.3:4, Jhn.1:23" (LXX); τ. θεοῦ, Jhn.5:37, Heb.3:7, al. By meton.,
__(α) of the speaker, βλέπειν τὴν φ., Rev.1:12;
__(β) speech, language ( Gen.11:1, 4Ma.12:7, al.): 1Co.14:10;
__(b) of inanimate things: Mat.24:31, Jhn.3:8, Act.2:6, Rev.1:15b 9:9 14:2, al. (cf. Tr., Syn., §lxxxix).
(AS)
[in LXX chiefly and very frequently for קוֹל;]
a voice;
__(a) prop., of persons, Mat.2:18 (LXX), al.; φ. αἴρειν (ἐπαίρειν), Luk.17:13, Act.2:14, al.; φ. μεγάλῃ εἰπεῖν (λέγειν, φωνεῖν, etc.), Luk.8:28, Act.7:57, Rev.5:12, al.; γίνεται (ἔρχεται) φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανῶν (ἐξ οὐρανοῦ), Mrk.1:11, Luk.3:22, Jhn.12:28, al. (cf. DCG, ii, 810a; Dalman, Words, 204f.); ἀκούειν φωνήν (-ῆς; see: ἀκούω), Act.9:4, 7 al.; φ. βοῶντος, Mat.3:3, Mrk.1:3, Luk.3:4, Jhn.1:23" (LXX); τ. θεοῦ, Jhn.5:37, Heb.3:7, al. By meton.,
__(α) of the speaker, βλέπειν τὴν φ., Rev.1:12;
__(β) speech, language ( Gen.11:1, 4Ma.12:7, al.): 1Co.14:10;
__(b) of inanimate things: Mat.24:31, Jhn.3:8, Act.2:6, Rev.1:15b 9:9 14:2, al. (cf. Tr., Syn., §lxxxix).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5456G appears in 112 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- voice111
- noise1
- sound1
First verses
- Matthew 2:18In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping, and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because they are not.
- Matthew 3:3For this is he that was spoken of by the prophet Esaias, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.
- Matthew 3:17And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
- Matthew 12:19He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear his voice in the streets.
- Matthew 17:5While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.
- Matthew 27:46And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
- Matthew 27:50Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.
- Mark 1:3The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.
- Mark 1:11And there came a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
- Mark 1:26And when the unclean spirit had torn him, and cried with a loud voice, he came out of him.
- Mark 5:7And cried with a loud voice, and said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of the most high God? I adjure thee by God, that thou torment me not.
- Mark 9:7And there was a cloud that overshadowed them: and a voice came out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.
- Mark 15:34And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
- Mark 15:37And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.
- Luke 3:4As it is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.
- Luke 3:22And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.
- Luke 4:33And in the synagogue there was a man, which had a spirit of an unclean devil, and cried out with a loud voice,
- Luke 8:28When he saw Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before him, and with a loud voice said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of God most high? I beseech thee, torment me not.
- Luke 9:35And there came a voice out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.
- Luke 9:36And when the voice was past, Jesus was found alone. And they kept it close, and told no man in those days any of those things which they had seen.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
φων-ή, ἡ,
sound, tone, properly, the sound of the voice, whether of men or animals with lungs and throat (ἡ φωνὴ ψόφος τίς ἐστιν ἐμψύχου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 420b5, compare 29, “HA” 535a27, “PA” 664b1))]; opposed to φθόγγος (see. φθόγγος [Refs (11):)]
I mostly of human beings, speech, voice, utterance, φ. ἄρρηκτος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.490; ἀτειρέα φ. 17.555)]; φ. δέ οἱ αἰθέρ᾽ ἵκανεν, of Ajax' battle-cry, [Refs (15.686)]; of the battle-cry of an army, Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν.. φ. δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων [Refs (14.400)]: plural, of the cries of market-people, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.3; ὁ τόνος τῆς φ. [prev. author] “Cyn.” 6.20, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.280, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.209)]; ὀξεῖα, βαρυτέρα, λεία, τραχεῖα φ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 67b; φ. μαλακή 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 979 (_anapaest meter_))]; μιαρά, ἀναιδής, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Eq.” 218, 638: with Verbs, φωνὴν ῥῆξαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.85, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 357 (_anapaest meter_); φ. ἱέναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.2, 4.23, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 259d, etc.; φ. ἥσει 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1295; προΐεσθαι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.23; ἀρθροῦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.12; διαρθρώσασθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 322a; ἐντείνασθαι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.157; φ. ἐπαρεῖ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.336; φωνῇ)]with his voice, aloud, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.161, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 9.29; εἶπε τῇ φωνῇ τὰ ἀπόρρητα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.51; διὰ ζώσης φωνῆς Anonymus “Geog.Epit.” 1p.488M.)]; μιᾷ φ. with one voice, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Nigr.” 14)]; ἀπὸ φωνῆς, with genitive, dictated by.., [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “in Thd.” 1.103 at Title Page, 5th-6th c.AD: Marinus Biographus)] in Euc.Dat.p.234 M., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus “in Platonis Gorgiam commentaria - Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie, Suppl.” p.1 N., Palladius Medicus “in Hippocratem” 2.1 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator: _plural_, αἱ φ.)] the notes of the voice, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 474e; σχήμασι καὶ φωναῖς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1306a32: proverbial, φωνῇ ὁρᾶν, of a blind man, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 138 (_anapaest meter_))]; πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φ. ἱέντα, i.e. using every effort, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 890d, compare “Euthd.” 293a; πάσας ἀφιέναι φωνάς [prev. author] “R.” 475a, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.195; φωνὰς ἀπρεπεῖς προΐεντο “PTeb.” 802.15 (2nd c.BC).)]
I.2 the cry of animals, as of swine, dogs, oxen, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.239, 12.86, 396)]; of asses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.129)]; of the nightingale, song, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.521; ἄνθρωπος πολλὰς φωνὰς ἀφίησι, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα μίαν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 895a4.)]
I.3 any articulate sound, opposed to inarticulate noise (ψόφος), φ. κωκυμάτων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1206; ὥσπερ φωνῆς οὔσης κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα πολλάκις καὶ λόγου ἐν τῇ φωνῇ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 6.4.12: στοιχεῖόν ἐστι φ. ἀδιαίρετος 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1456b22)]; also especially of vowelsound, opposed to to that of consonants, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 203b, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 535a32)]; in literary criticism, of sound, opposed to meaning, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ ποιημάτων” 5.20 (_plural_), 21.)]
I.4 of sounds made by inanimate objects, mostly poetical, κερκίδος φ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 595; συρίγγων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 127 (Lyric poetry); αὐλῶν 4th c.BC: Mnesimachus Comicus 4.56 (_anapaest meter_))]; rare in early Prose, ὀργάνων φωναί [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 397a; frequently in LXX, ἡ φ. τῆς σάλπιγγος LXX.Exo.20.18)]; φ. βροντῆς[LXX+NT (LXX.Psa.103(104).7; ἡ φ. αὐτοῦ ὡς φ. ὑδάτων πολλῶν NT.Rev.1.15.)]
I.5 generally, sound, defined as ἀὴρ πεπληγμένος, πληγὴ ἀέρος, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Zeno Citieus Stoicus 1.21, Chrysipp.[prev. work]2.43.)]
II faculty of speech, discourse, εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 548; παρέσχε φωνὴν τοῖς ἀφωνήτοις τινά [prev. author] “OC” 1283.)]
II.2 language, hdt.[Refs 5th c.BC+ (4.114, 117; φ. ἀνθρωπηΐη [prev. author] 2.55; ἀγνῶτα φ. βάρβαρον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1051; φωνὴν ἥσομεν Παρνησίδα [prev. author] “Ch.” 563, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1397 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.5, 7.57, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 2.3, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 17d, etc.; τῶν βαρβάρων πρὶν μαθεῖν τὴν φ. [prev. author] “Tht.” 163b; κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικὴν τὴν παλαιὰν φ. [prev. author] “Cra.” 398d, compare 409e.)]
III phrase, saying, τὴν Σιμωνίδου φ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. author] “Prt.” 341b; ἡ τοῦ Σωκράτους φ. 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.106b, compare 330f,)]; of formulae, στοιχειώματα καὶ φ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.4U., compare “Sent.Vat.” 41 (= 4th c.AD: Metrodorus Epigrammaticus “fragment” 59); αἱ σκεπτικαὶ φ. 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “Πυρρώνειοι ὑποτυπώσεις” 1.14, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 5.162b, etc.)]
IV report, rumour, [LXX (LXX.Gen.45.16.)]
IV.b message, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (Sammelb. 7252.21 (3rd-4th c.AD).)]
V loud talk, bragging, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Gnomologium Vaticanum - Kleine Schriften” 45.)]
sound, tone, properly, the sound of the voice, whether of men or animals with lungs and throat (ἡ φωνὴ ψόφος τίς ἐστιν ἐμψύχου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 420b5, compare 29, “HA” 535a27, “PA” 664b1))]; opposed to φθόγγος (see. φθόγγος [Refs (11):)]
I mostly of human beings, speech, voice, utterance, φ. ἄρρηκτος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.490; ἀτειρέα φ. 17.555)]; φ. δέ οἱ αἰθέρ᾽ ἵκανεν, of Ajax' battle-cry, [Refs (15.686)]; of the battle-cry of an army, Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν.. φ. δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων [Refs (14.400)]: plural, of the cries of market-people, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.3; ὁ τόνος τῆς φ. [prev. author] “Cyn.” 6.20, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.280, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.209)]; ὀξεῖα, βαρυτέρα, λεία, τραχεῖα φ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 67b; φ. μαλακή 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 979 (_anapaest meter_))]; μιαρά, ἀναιδής, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Eq.” 218, 638: with Verbs, φωνὴν ῥῆξαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.85, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 357 (_anapaest meter_); φ. ἱέναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.2, 4.23, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 259d, etc.; φ. ἥσει 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1295; προΐεσθαι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.23; ἀρθροῦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.12; διαρθρώσασθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 322a; ἐντείνασθαι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.157; φ. ἐπαρεῖ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.336; φωνῇ)]with his voice, aloud, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.161, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 9.29; εἶπε τῇ φωνῇ τὰ ἀπόρρητα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.51; διὰ ζώσης φωνῆς Anonymus “Geog.Epit.” 1p.488M.)]; μιᾷ φ. with one voice, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Nigr.” 14)]; ἀπὸ φωνῆς, with genitive, dictated by.., [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “in Thd.” 1.103 at Title Page, 5th-6th c.AD: Marinus Biographus)] in Euc.Dat.p.234 M., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus “in Platonis Gorgiam commentaria - Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie, Suppl.” p.1 N., Palladius Medicus “in Hippocratem” 2.1 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator: _plural_, αἱ φ.)] the notes of the voice, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 474e; σχήμασι καὶ φωναῖς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1306a32: proverbial, φωνῇ ὁρᾶν, of a blind man, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 138 (_anapaest meter_))]; πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φ. ἱέντα, i.e. using every effort, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 890d, compare “Euthd.” 293a; πάσας ἀφιέναι φωνάς [prev. author] “R.” 475a, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.195; φωνὰς ἀπρεπεῖς προΐεντο “PTeb.” 802.15 (2nd c.BC).)]
I.2 the cry of animals, as of swine, dogs, oxen, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.239, 12.86, 396)]; of asses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.129)]; of the nightingale, song, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.521; ἄνθρωπος πολλὰς φωνὰς ἀφίησι, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα μίαν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 895a4.)]
I.3 any articulate sound, opposed to inarticulate noise (ψόφος), φ. κωκυμάτων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1206; ὥσπερ φωνῆς οὔσης κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα πολλάκις καὶ λόγου ἐν τῇ φωνῇ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 6.4.12: στοιχεῖόν ἐστι φ. ἀδιαίρετος 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1456b22)]; also especially of vowelsound, opposed to to that of consonants, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 203b, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 535a32)]; in literary criticism, of sound, opposed to meaning, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ ποιημάτων” 5.20 (_plural_), 21.)]
I.4 of sounds made by inanimate objects, mostly poetical, κερκίδος φ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 595; συρίγγων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 127 (Lyric poetry); αὐλῶν 4th c.BC: Mnesimachus Comicus 4.56 (_anapaest meter_))]; rare in early Prose, ὀργάνων φωναί [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 397a; frequently in LXX, ἡ φ. τῆς σάλπιγγος LXX.Exo.20.18)]; φ. βροντῆς[LXX+NT (LXX.Psa.103(104).7; ἡ φ. αὐτοῦ ὡς φ. ὑδάτων πολλῶν NT.Rev.1.15.)]
I.5 generally, sound, defined as ἀὴρ πεπληγμένος, πληγὴ ἀέρος, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Zeno Citieus Stoicus 1.21, Chrysipp.[prev. work]2.43.)]
II faculty of speech, discourse, εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 548; παρέσχε φωνὴν τοῖς ἀφωνήτοις τινά [prev. author] “OC” 1283.)]
II.2 language, hdt.[Refs 5th c.BC+ (4.114, 117; φ. ἀνθρωπηΐη [prev. author] 2.55; ἀγνῶτα φ. βάρβαρον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1051; φωνὴν ἥσομεν Παρνησίδα [prev. author] “Ch.” 563, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1397 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.5, 7.57, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 2.3, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 17d, etc.; τῶν βαρβάρων πρὶν μαθεῖν τὴν φ. [prev. author] “Tht.” 163b; κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικὴν τὴν παλαιὰν φ. [prev. author] “Cra.” 398d, compare 409e.)]
III phrase, saying, τὴν Σιμωνίδου φ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. author] “Prt.” 341b; ἡ τοῦ Σωκράτους φ. 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.106b, compare 330f,)]; of formulae, στοιχειώματα καὶ φ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.4U., compare “Sent.Vat.” 41 (= 4th c.AD: Metrodorus Epigrammaticus “fragment” 59); αἱ σκεπτικαὶ φ. 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “Πυρρώνειοι ὑποτυπώσεις” 1.14, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 5.162b, etc.)]
IV report, rumour, [LXX (LXX.Gen.45.16.)]
IV.b message, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (Sammelb. 7252.21 (3rd-4th c.AD).)]
V loud talk, bragging, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Gnomologium Vaticanum - Kleine Schriften” 45.)]