Strong G5449φύσις
nature
- Transliteration
- phusis
- Pronunciation
- foo'-sis
- Morphology
- Greek Noun (Feminine)
Definition
From G5453; growth (by germination or expansion) that is (by implication) natural production (lineal descent); by extension a genus or sort; figuratively native disposition constitution or usage: - ([man-]) kind nature ([-al]).
Detailed definition
φύσις, -εως, ἡ
(φύω) [in LXX: Wis.7:20 13:1 19:20 אΑ, 3Ma.3:29, 4Ma.1:20 4Mac 5:7-8 4Mac 5:25 4Mac 13:27 4Mac 15:13 4Mac 15:25 4Mac 16:3 *;]
nature, i.e.,
__(a) the nature (natural powers or constitution) of a person or thing: Jas.3:7, 2Pe.1:4;
τέκνα φυσει ὀργῆς, Eph.2:3;
__(b) origin, birth (Soph., Xen., al.): Rom.2:27, Gal.2:15;
__(with) nature, i.e. the regular order or law of nature: 1Co.11:14; dative, φύσει adverbially, by nature, Rom.2:14, Gal.4:8; παρὰ φύσιν, against nature, Rom.1:26 11:24; καρὰ φ., according to nature, naturally, Rom.11:21, 24.†
(AS)
(φύω) [in LXX: Wis.7:20 13:1 19:20 אΑ, 3Ma.3:29, 4Ma.1:20 4Mac 5:7-8 4Mac 5:25 4Mac 13:27 4Mac 15:13 4Mac 15:25 4Mac 16:3 *;]
nature, i.e.,
__(a) the nature (natural powers or constitution) of a person or thing: Jas.3:7, 2Pe.1:4;
τέκνα φυσει ὀργῆς, Eph.2:3;
__(b) origin, birth (Soph., Xen., al.): Rom.2:27, Gal.2:15;
__(with) nature, i.e. the regular order or law of nature: 1Co.11:14; dative, φύσει adverbially, by nature, Rom.2:14, Gal.4:8; παρὰ φύσιν, against nature, Rom.1:26 11:24; καρὰ φ., according to nature, naturally, Rom.11:21, 24.†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5449 appears in 11 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- nature9
- natural2
- kind1
- of1
First verses
- Romans 1:26For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature:
- Romans 2:14For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:
- Romans 2:27And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?
- Romans 11:21For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee.
- Romans 11:24For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree?
- 1 Corinthians 11:14Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him?
- Galatians 2:15We who are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles,
- Galatians 4:8Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.
- Ephesians 2:3Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.
- James 3:7For every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and of things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed of mankind:
- 2 Peter 1:4Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
φύσις [ῠ], ἡ,
genitive φύσεως, poetry φύσεος probably (for the sake of meter) in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 886, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1282 (Lyric poetry), 1458 (Lyric poetry), _Ionic dialect_ φύσιος: dual φύσει)] (variant{φύση}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410e)], (φύω):
I origin, φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ.. τελευτή [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 8.1 (compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1112a); φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 892c; ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 193b12; φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις [prev. author] “Metaphorical” 1014b16)]; frequently of persons, birth, φύσει νεώτερος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1295, compare “Aj.” 1301, etc.; φύσι γεγονότες εὖ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.134)]; φύσει, opposed to θέσει (by adoption), [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 9.25; φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.183d)]; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2)]; also in accusative, ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 325)]; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1125, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.42.)]
I.2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 20, 29, compare 27: _plural_, γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 4.3.13.)]
II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1252b33): hence,)]
II.1 nature, constitution, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (i.e. τοῦ φαρμάκου) ἔδειξε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.303; φ. τῆς χώρης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.5; τῆς Ἀττικῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 1.2, compare “Oec.” 16.2, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.146, etc.; τῆς τριχός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 5.5)]; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 648a21, “Mete.” 340a36, etc.: _plural_, φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.74; αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν [prev. author] 12.134; ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 525c; ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.11, etc.; ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. “IG” 22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae).)]
II.2 outward form, appearance, μέζονας ἢ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.38)]; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 6.5; οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν [prev. author] “I.” 4(3).49 (67); μορφῆς δ᾽ οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 496; τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίν᾽ εἶχε φράζε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 740 (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων),compare “Tr.” 379)]; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν probably in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1358; τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1071 (troch.), compare “Nu.” 503; τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.75.)]
II.3 in Medicine texts, constitution, temperament, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 3.2 (_plural_), +others; ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις [prev. author] “Acut.” 43; φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει [prev. author] “Fract.” 7; φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί [prev. author] “Epid.” 6.5.1.)]
II.3.b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, [Refs ([prev. author] “Art.” 61, 62, +others; ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. [prev. author] “VC” 5, +others; φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων [prev. author] “Nat.Puer.” 17.)]
II.4 of the mind, one's nature, character, ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 110.5; εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν.. ἡ σή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 874; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, [prev. work] 902, 1310)]; φ. φρενός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 103 (_anapaest meter_); ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76; φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.2; ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ᾽ ἴση 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 168)]; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410e, 576a, etc.; δεξιοὶ φύσιν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 489; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν [prev. author] “Pers.” 441; τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1458 (Lyric poetry), compare 1282 (Lyric poetry))]; Σόλων.. ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Nu.” 1187; ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Atheniensium” 2.19)]; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.138)]; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.140; ἀγαθοὶ.. γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1332a40)]; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1078, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.38; τῇ φ. χρώμενος 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 18; θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. NT.2Pet.1.4: _plural_, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.113, variant in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 956; οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 526c, compare 375b, +others: proverbial, ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Misopogon” 353a.)]
II.4.b instinct in animals, etc., [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 278; οὐκ ἐπιστήμῃ οὐδὲ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ φύσει 2nd-3rd c.AD: Hermes Trismegistus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 1.41.6; ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει “Corpus Hermeticum” 9.1, compare 12.1.)]
II.5 frequently in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ᾽ ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 335; χθονὸς φ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 633; especially in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus, ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. “Phdr.” 251b; ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων “Smp.” 186b)]; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, [Refs (“Phd.” 87e; ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. “Ti.” 84c; ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. “Lg.” 862d, +others)]; ἡ φ., with genitive understood, [Refs (“Smp.” 191a, “Phd.” 109e.)]
III the regular order of nature, τύχη.. ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 176; κατὰ φύσιν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 444d, etc.)]; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.38, compare 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 156.7 (troch.); κατὰ φύσιν νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 169 (compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 488b); κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 112)]; opposed to παρὰ φύσιν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 395, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.17, etc.; παρὰ τὴν φ. 4th c.BC: Anaxippus Comicus 1.18)]; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.165)]; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Comp. Dem.Cic.” 5: frequently in _dative_ φύσει (ἐν φ. 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 14))] by nature, naturally, opposed to τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 889b, compare “R.” 381b; φύσει τοιοῦτος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 275, compare 279, +others; ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1253a3)]; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ᾽ ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1254a15; φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 95.2)]; opposed to νόμῳ (by convention), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 9, Archelaus cited in 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 2.16, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 482e, compare “Prt.” 337d, etc.; τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ᾽ ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα 5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista 44 “Ai” 32 (“Vorsokr.” 5); ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.15; τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 492; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 22c; φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 79, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 14c, etc.; φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι 5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista 44 “Bii” 10 (“Vorsokr.” 5))]; φύσιν ἔχει with infinitive, it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (i.e. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.45, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 473a)]; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature,[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 489b; οὔτ᾽ εὔλογον οὔτ᾽ ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.26; τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει 1st-2nd c.AD: Polemo Sophista “Callimachus” 36.)]
IV in Philosophy:
IV.1 nature as an originating power, φ. λέγεται.. ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1014b16; ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν [prev. author] “Cael.” 271a33)]; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ[Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. work] 291b13; ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ [prev. author] “Metaphorical” 1070a8, compare “Mete.” 381b5, etc.; φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 123; ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 4.4.44)]; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Cleanthes Stoicus 1.126)]; as Stoic technical term, the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta” 1.44, compare 35, +others, 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 9.81)]; Nature, personified, χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 469; Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Pietate - Herkulanische Studien” 12; ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.14.)]
IV.2 elementary substance, κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 891c, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Fragmenta” 52 (defined as τὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν.. ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.3); τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1014b33: _plural_, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.6U., +others; ἄτομοι φ.)]atoms, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus cited in 2nd c.AD: Diogenes Oenoandensis Epicureus 5, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.7U.; ἄφθαρτοι φ. 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Pietate - Herkulanische Studien” 83.)]
IV.3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature', ἀθανάτου.. φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 910 (_anapaest meter_); περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315c)]; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 96a; περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη 4th c.BC: Epicrates Comicus 11.13 (_anapaest meter_); so later, ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 2.2.1; τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.8)]; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., [Refs (“PMag.Leid.W.” 6.42.)]
IV.4 [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Pythagoras Philosophus)] name for two, [Refs (Theol.Ar. 12.)]
V as a concrete term, creature, frequently in collective sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 590 (_anapaest meter_), compare “OT” 869 (Lyric poetry))]; πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ant.” 345 (Lyric poetry); ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 359c, compare “Plt.” 272c)]; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman-kind (opposed to τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Lacedaemoniorum” 3.4)]: also in plural, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 674, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 588c, “Plt.” 306e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 13.9)]; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.113, compare 20.11, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.191.)]
V.b of plants or material substances, φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 2.49; ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.4.)]
VI kind, sort, species, ταύτην.. ἔχειν βιοτῆς.. φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 165 (_anapaest meter_); ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 429d)]; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 3.1)]; natural group or class of plants, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.1.1 (_plural_).)]
VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (probably to be read instead of οὖσα) κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1062, compare “OC” 445, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.45, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 770d, 944d: hence,)]
VII.2 the characteristic of sex, ={αἰδοῖον}, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Tab.Defix.” 89a6 (4th c.BC), 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “fragment” 107, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 32.10, 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 1.150, etc.)]: especially of the female organ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 2.143, 2nd c.AD(?): Antoninus Liberalis Mythographus 41, 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 5.63, “PMag.Osl.” 1.83,324, 4th c.AD(?): Horapollo 1.11: _plural_, τῶν δύοφ.,)] of the testes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 92, compare “PMag.Par.” 1.318.)]
genitive φύσεως, poetry φύσεος probably (for the sake of meter) in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 886, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1282 (Lyric poetry), 1458 (Lyric poetry), _Ionic dialect_ φύσιος: dual φύσει)] (variant{φύση}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410e)], (φύω):
I origin, φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ.. τελευτή [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 8.1 (compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1112a); φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 892c; ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 193b12; φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις [prev. author] “Metaphorical” 1014b16)]; frequently of persons, birth, φύσει νεώτερος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1295, compare “Aj.” 1301, etc.; φύσι γεγονότες εὖ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.134)]; φύσει, opposed to θέσει (by adoption), [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 9.25; φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.183d)]; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2)]; also in accusative, ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 325)]; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1125, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.42.)]
I.2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 20, 29, compare 27: _plural_, γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 4.3.13.)]
II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1252b33): hence,)]
II.1 nature, constitution, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (i.e. τοῦ φαρμάκου) ἔδειξε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.303; φ. τῆς χώρης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.5; τῆς Ἀττικῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 1.2, compare “Oec.” 16.2, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.146, etc.; τῆς τριχός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 5.5)]; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 648a21, “Mete.” 340a36, etc.: _plural_, φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.74; αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν [prev. author] 12.134; ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 525c; ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.11, etc.; ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. “IG” 22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae).)]
II.2 outward form, appearance, μέζονας ἢ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.38)]; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 6.5; οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν [prev. author] “I.” 4(3).49 (67); μορφῆς δ᾽ οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 496; τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίν᾽ εἶχε φράζε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 740 (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων),compare “Tr.” 379)]; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν probably in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1358; τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1071 (troch.), compare “Nu.” 503; τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.75.)]
II.3 in Medicine texts, constitution, temperament, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 3.2 (_plural_), +others; ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις [prev. author] “Acut.” 43; φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει [prev. author] “Fract.” 7; φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί [prev. author] “Epid.” 6.5.1.)]
II.3.b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, [Refs ([prev. author] “Art.” 61, 62, +others; ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. [prev. author] “VC” 5, +others; φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων [prev. author] “Nat.Puer.” 17.)]
II.4 of the mind, one's nature, character, ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 110.5; εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν.. ἡ σή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 874; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, [prev. work] 902, 1310)]; φ. φρενός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 103 (_anapaest meter_); ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.76; φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.2; ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ᾽ ἴση 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 168)]; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410e, 576a, etc.; δεξιοὶ φύσιν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 489; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν [prev. author] “Pers.” 441; τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1458 (Lyric poetry), compare 1282 (Lyric poetry))]; Σόλων.. ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Nu.” 1187; ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Atheniensium” 2.19)]; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.138)]; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.140; ἀγαθοὶ.. γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1332a40)]; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1078, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.38; τῇ φ. χρώμενος 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Coriolanus” 18; θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. NT.2Pet.1.4: _plural_, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.113, variant in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 956; οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 526c, compare 375b, +others: proverbial, ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Misopogon” 353a.)]
II.4.b instinct in animals, etc., [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 278; οὐκ ἐπιστήμῃ οὐδὲ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ φύσει 2nd-3rd c.AD: Hermes Trismegistus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 1.41.6; ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει “Corpus Hermeticum” 9.1, compare 12.1.)]
II.5 frequently in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ᾽ ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 335; χθονὸς φ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 633; especially in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus, ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. “Phdr.” 251b; ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων “Smp.” 186b)]; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, [Refs (“Phd.” 87e; ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. “Ti.” 84c; ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. “Lg.” 862d, +others)]; ἡ φ., with genitive understood, [Refs (“Smp.” 191a, “Phd.” 109e.)]
III the regular order of nature, τύχη.. ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 176; κατὰ φύσιν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 444d, etc.)]; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.38, compare 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 156.7 (troch.); κατὰ φύσιν νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 169 (compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 488b); κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 112)]; opposed to παρὰ φύσιν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 395, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.17, etc.; παρὰ τὴν φ. 4th c.BC: Anaxippus Comicus 1.18)]; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.165)]; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Comp. Dem.Cic.” 5: frequently in _dative_ φύσει (ἐν φ. 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 14))] by nature, naturally, opposed to τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 889b, compare “R.” 381b; φύσει τοιοῦτος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 275, compare 279, +others; ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1253a3)]; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ᾽ ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1254a15; φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 95.2)]; opposed to νόμῳ (by convention), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 9, Archelaus cited in 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 2.16, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 482e, compare “Prt.” 337d, etc.; τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ᾽ ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα 5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista 44 “Ai” 32 (“Vorsokr.” 5); ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.15; τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 492; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 22c; φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 79, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 14c, etc.; φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι 5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista 44 “Bii” 10 (“Vorsokr.” 5))]; φύσιν ἔχει with infinitive, it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (i.e. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.45, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 473a)]; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature,[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 489b; οὔτ᾽ εὔλογον οὔτ᾽ ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.26; τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει 1st-2nd c.AD: Polemo Sophista “Callimachus” 36.)]
IV in Philosophy:
IV.1 nature as an originating power, φ. λέγεται.. ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1014b16; ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν [prev. author] “Cael.” 271a33)]; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ[Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. work] 291b13; ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ [prev. author] “Metaphorical” 1070a8, compare “Mete.” 381b5, etc.; φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 123; ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 4.4.44)]; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Cleanthes Stoicus 1.126)]; as Stoic technical term, the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta” 1.44, compare 35, +others, 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 9.81)]; Nature, personified, χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Fragmenta” 469; Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Pietate - Herkulanische Studien” 12; ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.14.)]
IV.2 elementary substance, κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 891c, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Fragmenta” 52 (defined as τὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν.. ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.3); τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1014b33: _plural_, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.6U., +others; ἄτομοι φ.)]atoms, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus cited in 2nd c.AD: Diogenes Oenoandensis Epicureus 5, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.7U.; ἄφθαρτοι φ. 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Pietate - Herkulanische Studien” 83.)]
IV.3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature', ἀθανάτου.. φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 910 (_anapaest meter_); περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315c)]; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 96a; περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη 4th c.BC: Epicrates Comicus 11.13 (_anapaest meter_); so later, ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 2.2.1; τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.8)]; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., [Refs (“PMag.Leid.W.” 6.42.)]
IV.4 [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Pythagoras Philosophus)] name for two, [Refs (Theol.Ar. 12.)]
V as a concrete term, creature, frequently in collective sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 590 (_anapaest meter_), compare “OT” 869 (Lyric poetry))]; πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ant.” 345 (Lyric poetry); ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 359c, compare “Plt.” 272c)]; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman-kind (opposed to τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Lacedaemoniorum” 3.4)]: also in plural, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 674, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 588c, “Plt.” 306e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 13.9)]; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.113, compare 20.11, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.191.)]
V.b of plants or material substances, φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 2.49; ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.4.)]
VI kind, sort, species, ταύτην.. ἔχειν βιοτῆς.. φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 165 (_anapaest meter_); ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 429d)]; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 3.1)]; natural group or class of plants, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.1.1 (_plural_).)]
VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (probably to be read instead of οὖσα) κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1062, compare “OC” 445, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.45, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 770d, 944d: hence,)]
VII.2 the characteristic of sex, ={αἰδοῖον}, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“Tab.Defix.” 89a6 (4th c.BC), 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “fragment” 107, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 32.10, 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 1.150, etc.)]: especially of the female organ, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 2.143, 2nd c.AD(?): Antoninus Liberalis Mythographus 41, 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 5.63, “PMag.Osl.” 1.83,324, 4th c.AD(?): Horapollo 1.11: _plural_, τῶν δύοφ.,)] of the testes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 92, compare “PMag.Par.” 1.318.)]