Strong G5015ταράσσω
to trouble
- Transliteration
- tarassō
- Pronunciation
- tar-as'-so
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Of uncertain affinity; to stir or agitate (roil water): - trouble.
Detailed definition
ταράσσω
[in LXX for בָּהַל, רָגַז, etc., forty-six words in all;]
to disturb, trouble, stir up: primarily in physical sense (Hom., Eur.): τ. ὕδωρ, Jhn.1:5 [4], Jhn.1:7. Metaphorical, of the mind (Æsch., Plat., al.), to trouble, disquiet, perplex: Act.15:24, Gal.1:7 5:10; ἑαυτόν (troubled himself; Westc., in l), Jhn.11:33; of a crowd, to stir up, Act.17:8, 13; pass., Mat.2:3 14:26, Mrk.6:50, Luk.1:12 24:38, Jhn.12:27 (Psa.6:4) Psa.14:1, 7, 1Pe.3:14" (LXX); τ. πνεύματι, Jhn.13:21 (cf. δια-, ἐκ-ταράσσω)
(AS)
[in LXX for בָּהַל, רָגַז, etc., forty-six words in all;]
to disturb, trouble, stir up: primarily in physical sense (Hom., Eur.): τ. ὕδωρ, Jhn.1:5 [4], Jhn.1:7. Metaphorical, of the mind (Æsch., Plat., al.), to trouble, disquiet, perplex: Act.15:24, Gal.1:7 5:10; ἑαυτόν (troubled himself; Westc., in l), Jhn.11:33; of a crowd, to stir up, Act.17:8, 13; pass., Mat.2:3 14:26, Mrk.6:50, Luk.1:12 24:38, Jhn.12:27 (Psa.6:4) Psa.14:1, 7, 1Pe.3:14" (LXX); τ. πνεύματι, Jhn.13:21 (cf. δια-, ἐκ-ταράσσω)
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5015 appears in 17 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- be11
- troubled3
- let2
- have1
- trouble1
- troubleth1
- ye1
First verses
- Matthew 2:3When Herod the king had heard these things, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him.
- Matthew 14:26And when the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, It is a spirit; and they cried out for fear.
- Mark 6:50For they all saw him, and were troubled. And immediately he talked with them, and saith unto them, Be of good cheer: it is I; be not afraid.
- Luke 1:12And when Zacharias saw him, he was troubled, and fear fell upon him.
- Luke 24:38And he said unto them, Why are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts?
- John 5:4For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water: whosoever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made whole of whatsoever disease he had.
- John 5:7The impotent man answered him, Sir, I have no man, when the water is troubled, to put me into the pool: but while I am coming, another steppeth down before me.
- John 11:33When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled,
- John 12:27Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour.
- John 13:21When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.
- John 14:1Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me.
- John 14:27Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.
- Acts 15:24Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:
- Acts 17:8And they troubled the people and the rulers of the city, when they heard these things.
- Galatians 1:7Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.
- Galatians 5:10I have confidence in you through the Lord, that ye will be none otherwise minded: but he that troubleth you shall bear his judgment, whosoever he be.
- 1 Peter 3:14But and if ye suffer for righteousness’ sake, happy are ye: and be not afraid of their terror, neither be troubled;
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
τᾰράσσω,
[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.63, etc.)]; Attic dialect ταράττω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 902)]; also θράσσω (which see): future ταράξω [Refs ([prev. work] 358, etc.:)]aorist ἐτάραξα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.291, (συν-) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.579, 8.86)]: pluperfect συν-ετεταράχει [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 42.36: _Epic dialect_)]perfect in passive sense τέτρηχα (see. below [Refs (111))]:—passive, future ταραχθήσομαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 858 (probably), 1st-2nd c.AD: Epictetus Philosophus “Enchiridion” 3, etc.)]; middle ταράξομαι in passive sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.36, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.43)]: aorist ἐταράχθην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 386 (_anapaest meter_), etc.:)]perfect τετάραγμαι[Refs ([prev. work] 388 (_anapaest meter_))], etc.:—stir, trouble, in a physical sense, σύναγεν νεφέλας ἐτάραξε δὲ πόντον [Ποσειδῶν] [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.291; κύμασιν ταράσσεται πόντος 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 54, compare 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 54; τ. πέλαγος ἁλός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 88, compare 692; ὁμοῦ τ. τήν τε γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλατταν εἰκῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 431; τ. καὶ κυκᾶν [prev. author] “Ach.” 688 (troch.), “Eq.” 251 (troch.))]; οὐ χθόνα ταράσσοντες troubling not the earth (by ploughing), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus [same place]; βροντήμασι.. κυκάτω πάντα καὶ ταρασσέτω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 994)]; τ. φάρμακον perhaps mix, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Lex.” 4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Amipsias Comicus 18: _metaphorically_, φωνὰν ταρασσέμεν)] to wag the tongue, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.42)]; πάντα τ., of a speaker, jumble up, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.93; τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων διδασκαλίαν 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.185.)]
2 trouble the mind, agitate, disturb, με δεινὸς ὀρθομαντείας πόνος στροβεῖ ταράσσων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1216)]; δεινὰ (adverbial) τ. [με] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 483 (Lyric poetry); ὅταν ταράξῃ Κύπρις ἡβῶσαν φρένα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 969, compare “fragment” 1079.4; Νικίαν ταράξω 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 358 (troch.); τ. καρδίαν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1321)]; especially of fear, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 289, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 66, etc.)]; ἄν τις φόβος τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.4.6; τὸ σῶμα τ. τὴν ψυχήν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 66a, compare 103c; so τ. γλῶσσαν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1542)]: absolutely, cause confusion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 564b, “Hp.Mi.” 373b)]:—passive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Phd.” 100d, etc.; περί τι [prev. author] “Sph.” 242c; διά τι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.3; ταράσσομαι φρένας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1095)]; ὄμμα σὸν τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 253.)]
3 of an army, etc., throw into disorder, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.125, 9.51, etc.; ἐτάρασσον τοὺς ταρσοὺς τῶν κωπέων [prev. author] 8.12)]:—passive, to be in disorder, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 4.125, 129, 8.16, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.25, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.27, etc.)]; ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67.)]
3.b metaphorically, rout or upset, κριτήριον τ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Demetrius Lacon Philosophus “Herc.” 1012.38 (perhaps variant of 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 24))]:—passive, λόγου ταραχθέντος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.136 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus; εἰ τὰ σημεῖα ταραχθείη 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.262.)]
4 τ. τὴν γαστέρα cause relaxation of the bowels, of purges, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ γυναικείης φύσιος” 12, compare “Acut.” 56, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 864b23, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.667)]:—passive, ἐταράχθης τὴν γαστέρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 386 (_anapaest meter_); τὸ πνεῦμα 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.903; more generally, τεταραγμένον σῶμα 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.105.)]
5 frequently of political agitation, τ. τὴν πόλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 867; τὰ πράγματα [prev. work] 214)]:—passive, to be in a state of disorder or anarchy, ἐν ἀλλήλοις τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.14, 2nd c.AD: Ptolemaeus Mathematicus “Tetrabiblos” 164.)]
6 ταράττεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων to be shaken in one's seat on horseback, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.17.)]
7 in Mathematics texts, τεταραγμένη ἀναλογία disturbed proportion, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 5 “Def.” 18, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 2.4.)]
II stir up, metaphorically, τ. νεῖκος, πόλεμον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 794 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 567a; φόνον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 797; ἡλίκα πράγματα ταράξασα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.153, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.10.9; τ. δίκας τινὶ πρός τινας 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Themistocles” 5)]:—passive, πόλεμος ἐταράχθη [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.151; γόος.. ταραχθείς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 331 (Lyric poetry).)]
III except in the places mentioned, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus uses only _intransitive_)]perfect τέτρηχα, to be in disorder or confusion, be in an uproar, τετρήχει δ᾽ ἀγορή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.95; ἀγορὴ τετρηχυῖα 7.346; so τετρηχυῖα θάλασσα “Anthologia Graeca” 7.283 (1st c.AD: Leonidas Alexandrinus Epigrammaticus); τετρηχότος οἴδματος 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.1167; τετρηχότα βῶλον [prev. author] 3.1393; τετρηχότι νώτῳ 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 267)]; but ἐκ σέθεν.. ἄλγεα.. τετρήχασι cruel woes arise, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.447, compare 3.276, 4th-3rd c.BC: Philetas 7; in 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 72 τετρήχοντα κλήματα is _falsa lectio_ for{δὲ τρήχοντα}. (Alexandrine and later Poets seem to have thought erroneously that τέτρηχα)] = to be rough (compare τραχύς).) (ταράχψω from ταραχ-ή, τάραχ-ος and these from *θᾰρᾰχ-: cognate with θράσσω from θρᾱχ-yω of which the Ionic dialect perfect is τέτρηχα.)
[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.63, etc.)]; Attic dialect ταράττω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 902)]; also θράσσω (which see): future ταράξω [Refs ([prev. work] 358, etc.:)]aorist ἐτάραξα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.291, (συν-) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.579, 8.86)]: pluperfect συν-ετεταράχει [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 42.36: _Epic dialect_)]perfect in passive sense τέτρηχα (see. below [Refs (111))]:—passive, future ταραχθήσομαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 858 (probably), 1st-2nd c.AD: Epictetus Philosophus “Enchiridion” 3, etc.)]; middle ταράξομαι in passive sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.36, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.43)]: aorist ἐταράχθην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 386 (_anapaest meter_), etc.:)]perfect τετάραγμαι[Refs ([prev. work] 388 (_anapaest meter_))], etc.:—stir, trouble, in a physical sense, σύναγεν νεφέλας ἐτάραξε δὲ πόντον [Ποσειδῶν] [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.291; κύμασιν ταράσσεται πόντος 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 54, compare 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 54; τ. πέλαγος ἁλός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 88, compare 692; ὁμοῦ τ. τήν τε γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλατταν εἰκῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 431; τ. καὶ κυκᾶν [prev. author] “Ach.” 688 (troch.), “Eq.” 251 (troch.))]; οὐ χθόνα ταράσσοντες troubling not the earth (by ploughing), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus [same place]; βροντήμασι.. κυκάτω πάντα καὶ ταρασσέτω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 994)]; τ. φάρμακον perhaps mix, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Lex.” 4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Amipsias Comicus 18: _metaphorically_, φωνὰν ταρασσέμεν)] to wag the tongue, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.42)]; πάντα τ., of a speaker, jumble up, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.93; τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων διδασκαλίαν 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.185.)]
2 trouble the mind, agitate, disturb, με δεινὸς ὀρθομαντείας πόνος στροβεῖ ταράσσων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1216)]; δεινὰ (adverbial) τ. [με] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 483 (Lyric poetry); ὅταν ταράξῃ Κύπρις ἡβῶσαν φρένα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 969, compare “fragment” 1079.4; Νικίαν ταράξω 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 358 (troch.); τ. καρδίαν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1321)]; especially of fear, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 289, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 66, etc.)]; ἄν τις φόβος τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.4.6; τὸ σῶμα τ. τὴν ψυχήν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 66a, compare 103c; so τ. γλῶσσαν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1542)]: absolutely, cause confusion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 564b, “Hp.Mi.” 373b)]:—passive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Phd.” 100d, etc.; περί τι [prev. author] “Sph.” 242c; διά τι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.3; ταράσσομαι φρένας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1095)]; ὄμμα σὸν τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 253.)]
3 of an army, etc., throw into disorder, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.125, 9.51, etc.; ἐτάρασσον τοὺς ταρσοὺς τῶν κωπέων [prev. author] 8.12)]:—passive, to be in disorder, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 4.125, 129, 8.16, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.25, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.1.27, etc.)]; ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67.)]
3.b metaphorically, rout or upset, κριτήριον τ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Demetrius Lacon Philosophus “Herc.” 1012.38 (perhaps variant of 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 24))]:—passive, λόγου ταραχθέντος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.136 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus; εἰ τὰ σημεῖα ταραχθείη 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.262.)]
4 τ. τὴν γαστέρα cause relaxation of the bowels, of purges, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ γυναικείης φύσιος” 12, compare “Acut.” 56, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 864b23, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.667)]:—passive, ἐταράχθης τὴν γαστέρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 386 (_anapaest meter_); τὸ πνεῦμα 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.903; more generally, τεταραγμένον σῶμα 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.105.)]
5 frequently of political agitation, τ. τὴν πόλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 867; τὰ πράγματα [prev. work] 214)]:—passive, to be in a state of disorder or anarchy, ἐν ἀλλήλοις τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.14, 2nd c.AD: Ptolemaeus Mathematicus “Tetrabiblos” 164.)]
6 ταράττεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων to be shaken in one's seat on horseback, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.17.)]
7 in Mathematics texts, τεταραγμένη ἀναλογία disturbed proportion, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 5 “Def.” 18, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 2.4.)]
II stir up, metaphorically, τ. νεῖκος, πόλεμον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 794 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 567a; φόνον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 797; ἡλίκα πράγματα ταράξασα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.153, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.10.9; τ. δίκας τινὶ πρός τινας 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Themistocles” 5)]:—passive, πόλεμος ἐταράχθη [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.151; γόος.. ταραχθείς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 331 (Lyric poetry).)]
III except in the places mentioned, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus uses only _intransitive_)]perfect τέτρηχα, to be in disorder or confusion, be in an uproar, τετρήχει δ᾽ ἀγορή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.95; ἀγορὴ τετρηχυῖα 7.346; so τετρηχυῖα θάλασσα “Anthologia Graeca” 7.283 (1st c.AD: Leonidas Alexandrinus Epigrammaticus); τετρηχότος οἴδματος 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.1167; τετρηχότα βῶλον [prev. author] 3.1393; τετρηχότι νώτῳ 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 267)]; but ἐκ σέθεν.. ἄλγεα.. τετρήχασι cruel woes arise, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.447, compare 3.276, 4th-3rd c.BC: Philetas 7; in 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 72 τετρήχοντα κλήματα is _falsa lectio_ for{δὲ τρήχοντα}. (Alexandrine and later Poets seem to have thought erroneously that τέτρηχα)] = to be rough (compare τραχύς).) (ταράχψω from ταραχ-ή, τάραχ-ος and these from *θᾰρᾰχ-: cognate with θράσσω from θρᾱχ-yω of which the Ionic dialect perfect is τέτρηχα.)