Strong G4314πρός
to/with
- Transliteration
- pros
- Pronunciation
- pros
- Morphology
- Greek Preposition
Definition
A strengthened form of G4253; a preposition of direction;
forward to that is toward (with the genitive case the side of that is pertaining to; with the dative case by the side of that is near to; usually with the accusative case the place time occasion or respect which is the destination of the relation that is whither or for which it is predicated): - about according to against among at because of before between ([where-]) by for X at thy house in for intent nigh unto of which pertain to that to (the end that) + together to ([you]) -ward unto with (-in). In compounds it denotes essentially the same applications namely motion towards accession to or nearness at.
forward to that is toward (with the genitive case the side of that is pertaining to; with the dative case by the side of that is near to; usually with the accusative case the place time occasion or respect which is the destination of the relation that is whither or for which it is predicated): - about according to against among at because of before between ([where-]) by for X at thy house in for intent nigh unto of which pertain to that to (the end that) + together to ([you]) -ward unto with (-in). In compounds it denotes essentially the same applications namely motion towards accession to or nearness at.
Detailed definition
πρός,
prep. with genitive, dative, accusative
I. I. C. genitive, of motion from a place, from the side of, hence metaphorically, in the interests of, Act.27:34 (cf. Page, in l.).
II. II. C. dative, of local proximity, hard by, near, at: Mrk.5:11, Luk.19:37, Jhn.18:16 20:11, 12 Rev.1:13.
III. C. accusative, of motion or direction towards a place or object, to, towards.
1. Of place,
__(a) after verbs of motion or of speaking and other words with the idea of direction: ἔρχομαι, ἀναβαίνω, πορεύομαι, λέγω, ἐπιστολή, etc., Mat.3:14, Mrk.6:51, Luk.11:5, Jhn.2:3, Act.9:2, al. mult.; metaphorically, of mental direction, hostile or otherwise, Luk.23:12, Jhn.6:52, 2Co.7:4, Eph.6:12, Col.3:13, al.; of the issue or end, Luk.14:32, Jhn.11:4, al.; of purpose, Mat.26:12, Rom.3:26, 1Co.6:5, al.; πρὸς τό, with inf., denoting purpose (cf. M, Pr., 218, 220; Lft., Notes, 131), Mat.5:28, Mrk.13:22, Eph.6:11, 1Th.2:9, al.;
__(b) of close proximity, at, by, with: Mat.3:10, Mrk.11:4, Luk.4:11, Act.3:2, al.; after εἶναι, Mat.13:56, Mrk.6:3, Jhn.1:1, al.
2. 2. Of time,
__(a) towards (Plat., Xen., LXX: Gen.8:11, al.): Luk.24:29;
__(b) for: πρὸς καιρόν, Luk.8:13, 1Co.7:5; πρὸς ὥραν, Jhn.5:35, al.; πρὸς ὀλίγον, Jas.4:14.
3. Of relation
__(a) toward, with: Rom.5:1, 2Co.1:12, Col.4:5, 1Th.4:12, al.;
__(b) with regard to: Mat.19:8, Mrk.12:12, Rom.8:31, al.;
__(with) pertaining to, to: Mat.27:4, Jhn.21:22, Rom.15:17, Heb.2:17 5:1;
__(d) according to: Luk.12:47, 2Co.5:10, Gal.2:14, Eph.3:4 4:14;
__(e) in comparison with: Rom.8:18.
IV. In composition: towards (προσέρχομαι), to (προσάγω), against (προσκόπτω), besides (προσδαπανάω).
(AS)
prep. with genitive, dative, accusative
I. I. C. genitive, of motion from a place, from the side of, hence metaphorically, in the interests of, Act.27:34 (cf. Page, in l.).
II. II. C. dative, of local proximity, hard by, near, at: Mrk.5:11, Luk.19:37, Jhn.18:16 20:11, 12 Rev.1:13.
III. C. accusative, of motion or direction towards a place or object, to, towards.
1. Of place,
__(a) after verbs of motion or of speaking and other words with the idea of direction: ἔρχομαι, ἀναβαίνω, πορεύομαι, λέγω, ἐπιστολή, etc., Mat.3:14, Mrk.6:51, Luk.11:5, Jhn.2:3, Act.9:2, al. mult.; metaphorically, of mental direction, hostile or otherwise, Luk.23:12, Jhn.6:52, 2Co.7:4, Eph.6:12, Col.3:13, al.; of the issue or end, Luk.14:32, Jhn.11:4, al.; of purpose, Mat.26:12, Rom.3:26, 1Co.6:5, al.; πρὸς τό, with inf., denoting purpose (cf. M, Pr., 218, 220; Lft., Notes, 131), Mat.5:28, Mrk.13:22, Eph.6:11, 1Th.2:9, al.;
__(b) of close proximity, at, by, with: Mat.3:10, Mrk.11:4, Luk.4:11, Act.3:2, al.; after εἶναι, Mat.13:56, Mrk.6:3, Jhn.1:1, al.
2. 2. Of time,
__(a) towards (Plat., Xen., LXX: Gen.8:11, al.): Luk.24:29;
__(b) for: πρὸς καιρόν, Luk.8:13, 1Co.7:5; πρὸς ὥραν, Jhn.5:35, al.; πρὸς ὀλίγον, Jas.4:14.
3. Of relation
__(a) toward, with: Rom.5:1, 2Co.1:12, Col.4:5, 1Th.4:12, al.;
__(b) with regard to: Mat.19:8, Mrk.12:12, Rom.8:31, al.;
__(with) pertaining to, to: Mat.27:4, Jhn.21:22, Rom.15:17, Heb.2:17 5:1;
__(d) according to: Luk.12:47, 2Co.5:10, Gal.2:14, Eph.3:4 4:14;
__(e) in comparison with: Rom.8:18.
IV. In composition: towards (προσέρχομαι), to (προσάγω), against (προσκόπτω), besides (προσδαπανάω).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4314 appears in 674 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- unto330
- to195
- with42
- for22
- against20
- among20
- at14
- toward10
- by4
- of4
- accord3
- in3
First verses
- Matthew 2:12And being warned of God in a dream that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way.
- Matthew 3:5Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan,
- Matthew 3:10And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.
- Matthew 3:13Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.
- Matthew 3:14But John forbad him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?
- Matthew 3:15And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffered him.
- Matthew 4:6And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.
- Matthew 5:28But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
- Matthew 6:1Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven.
- Matthew 7:15Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
- Matthew 10:6But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.
- Matthew 10:13And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you.
- Matthew 11:28Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
- Matthew 13:2And great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into a ship, and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.
- Matthew 13:30Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn.
- Matthew 13:56And his sisters, are they not all with us? Whence then hath this man all these things?
- Matthew 14:25And in the fourth watch of the night Jesus went unto them, walking on the sea.
- Matthew 14:28And Peter answered him and said, Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee on the water.
- Matthew 14:29And he said, Come. And when Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus.
- Matthew 17:14And when they were come to the multitude, there came to him a certain man, kneeling down to him, and saying,
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
- πρόbeforeG4253
- προσέρχομαιto come near/agreeG4334
- προσκυλίωto roll beforeG4351
- προσδοκάωto look forG4328
- προσπήγνυμιto nail toG4362
- προσορμίζωto moor/anchorG4358
- πρόσπεινοςvery hungryG4361
- πρόσωπονfaceG4383
- προσαναλίσκωto expendG4321
- προσφάγιονfishG4371
- προσκαλέωto call to/summonG4341
- προστάσσωto orderG4367
- προσκαρτερέωto continue in/withG4342
- προσεργάζομαιto earn moreG4333
- προσαγορεύωto designateG4316
- προσπορεύομαιto approachG4365
- προσοχθίζωbe angryG4360
- προσαναβαίνωto go upG4320
- προσεύχομαιto prayG4336
- προσδαπανάωto spend extraG4325
- προσοφείλωto owe besidesG4359
- προσανατίθημιto conferG4323
- προσάγωto bring nearG4317
- πρόσχυσιςsprinklingG4378
Detailed Greek dictionary
πρός,
preposition, expressing direction,
A on the side of, in the direction of, hence with genitive, dative, and accusative, from, at, to: Epic dialect also προτί and ποτί, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] usually with accusative, more rarely with dative, and each only once with genitive, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.831, 22.198)]:—dialectal forms: Doric dialectποτί (which see) and ποί, but Cretan dialect πορτί [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 5.44, etc.)], Argive προτ(ί) [Refs 7th c.BC+ (“Schwyzer” 84.3 (found at Tylisus, 5th c.BC), restored in “Mnemos.” 57.208(Argos, 6th c.BC), and in 7th c.BC: Alcman Lyricus 30; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, 5th c.AD: Cypria)] πός [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“SIG” 306.11 (Tegea, 4th c.BC), “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.19 H)]., also sometimes in Asia Minor in compounds, see at {ποσάγω},{ποσφέρω}; Aeolic dialect πρός [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 69 (προσ-), 109, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 20 (assuming variant))]; πρές [Refs 6th c.AD+ (6th c.AD: Joannes Alexandrinus Grammaticus “Comp.” 3.10)]; Pamphylian περτ (ί) [Refs (“Schwyzer” 686.7, 686a 4.)] (With προτί, πρός cf. Sanskrit práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slavonic protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Latin pretium: ποτί (which see) and πός are not cognate) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus WITH GEN., πρός)] refers to that from which something comes:
A.I of Place, from, ἵκετο ἠὲ π. ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.29; τὸν π. Σάρδεων ἤλεκτρον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1037 (variant).)]
A.I.2 on the side of, towards, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος towards Elis, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.347)]; π. ἁλός, π. Θύμβρης, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.428, 430; εἶναι π. θαλάσσης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.154; ἱδρῦσθαι π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου [prev. author] 8.120; ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο π. Ὀλύνθου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.62, etc.)]; φυλακαὶ π. Αἰθιόπων, π. Ἀραβίων, π. Διβύης, on the frontier towards the Ethiopians, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.30: frequently with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν π. βορέαο, αἱ δ᾽ αὖ π. νότου)] one on the north side, the other on the south side, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.110; οἰκέουσι π. νότου ἀνέμου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.101; π. ἄρκτου τε καὶ βορέω ἀνέμου κατοικημένοι [prev. work] 102; π. μεσαμβρίης [prev. work] 107)]; π. τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος (in such phrases the accusative is more common) [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.84; π. Πλαταιῶν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.21; π. Νεμέας [prev. author] 5.59)]; ἀπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ π. τοῦ λιμένος ἅπαν everything on the harbour-ward side of this road, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.892: combined with π. with _accusative_, π. ἠῶ τε καὶ τοῦ Τανάϊδος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.122; τὸν μέν π. βορέω ἑστεῶτα, τὸν δὲ π. νότον [prev. author] 2.121, compare 4.17.)]
A.I.3 before, in presence of, μάρτυροι ἔστων π. τε θεῶν μακάρων π. τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.339; οὐδ᾽ ἐπιορκήσω π. δαίμονος 19.188)]; ποίτοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.. ὑπίσχομαι probably in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 22.1126.7 (Amphict. Delph., 4th c.BC); ὑποσχομένους πρὸς τοῦ Διός [prev. work]1237.16: hence,)]
A.I.3.b in the eyes of, ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.71, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.6.6, etc.)]; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Legal cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.97)]; κατειπάτω.. ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 986.9, compare 17 (Chios, 5th-4th c.BC))]; ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.286.)]
A.I.4 in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of, σε.. γουνάζομαι.. π. τ᾽ ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.67; π. θεῶν πατρῴων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 839 (Lyric poetry), etc.)]; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.20, etc.: the verb is frequently omitted with π. θεῶν or τῶν θεῶν, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 551, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1037, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 760; π. τοῦ Διός [prev. author] “Av.” 130)]: less frequently with other words, π. τῆς ἑστίας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 953.39; π. Χαρίτων 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Hist.Conscr.” 14; μὴ π. γενείου 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1208; μὴ π. ξενίας τᾶς σᾶς [prev. author] “OC” 515 (Lyric poetry))]: sometimes in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστί; in heaven's name, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.15; π. τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς..; 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.45; ἆρ᾽ οὖν, ὦ π. Διός,..; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 459a, compare “Ap.” 26e)]: sometimes in Trag. with the pronoun σε between preposition and case, π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός.. ἱκνοῦμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 468; μὴ π. σε γονάτων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 324.)]
A.I.5 of origin or descent, from, on the side of, γένος ἐξ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ τὰ π. πατρός by the father's side, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.99; Ἀθηναῖον.. καὶ τὰ π. πατρὸς καὶ τὰ π. μητρός 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.42, “SIG” 1015.7 (Halic.))]; πρόγονοι ἢ π. ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν in the male or female line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 173d; ὁ πατὴρ π. μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἦν τῶν Εὐπατριδῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 16.25; οἱ συγγενεῖς τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ π. ἀνδρῶν καὶ π. γυναικῶν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.23)]; οἱ π. αἵματος blood-relations, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1305; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ π. αἵματος φύσιν [prev. author] “El.” 1125.)]
A.II of effects proceeding from what cause soever:
A.II.1 from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc., ὡς ἂν.. τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων Δαναῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.85, compare 1.160, etc.; τιμὴν π. Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.302; δίδοι οἱ.. χάριν ποτ᾽ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.90; ἄνθεα τιμῆς πρὸς θνητῶν ἀνελέσθαι 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 4.7; φυλακῆς π. δήμου κυρῆσαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59; τυχεῖν τινος π. θεῶν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 550, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 527; λαχὼν π. δαιμόνων ὄλβον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.45; κακόν τι π. θεῶν ἢ π. ἀνθρώπων λαβεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.139, etc.; μανθάνειν π. ἀστῶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 13: with passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι)] to have been taught by.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.831, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 357; ἄριστα πεποίηται.. πρὸς Τρώων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.57)]; αἴσχε᾽ ἀκούω π. Τρώων[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 525, compare 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 79; ταῦτα.. π. τούτου κλύειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 429; οὐ λέγεται π. οὐδαμῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.47; ἀτιμάζεσθαι, τετιμῆσθαι π. τινῶν, [prev. work] 61, 2.75)]; also λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶν [Refs ([prev. author] 1.120)]; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 73; π. ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1269, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1237)]; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 949; τὸ ποιεύμενον π. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.209; αἰτηθέντες π. τινὸς χρήματα [prev. author] 8.111; ἱμέρου βέλει π. σοῦ τέθαλπται 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 650)]: with an adjective or substantive, τιμήεσσα π. πόσιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.162; ἐπίφθονος π. τῶν πλεόνων ἀνθρώπων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.139; ἔρημος π. φίλων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 919; ἀπαθὴς π. ἀστῶν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.297; πειθὼ π. τινός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 562; π. Τρώων.. κλέος εἶναι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.514)]; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 73, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 624 (Lyric poetry); ἐλίπετο ἀθάνατον μνήμην π. Ἑλλησποντίων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.144: with an)] adverb, οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.18, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 463d.)]
A.II.2 of things, π. τίνος ποτ᾽ αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1236)]; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of.., [Refs ([prev. author] “Ant.” 51.)]
A.III of dependence or close connexion: hence,
A.III.1 dependent on one, under one's protection, π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.207, 14.57)]; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.239)]; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, [Refs (6.456.)]
A.III.2 on one's side, in one's favour, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.75, 124, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1434, “Tr.” 479, etc.; π. τῶν ἐχόντων.. τὸν νόμον τίθης 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 57.)]
A.IV of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like, τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.153, compare 5.12)]; ἦ κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 592, compare 1636; οὐ π. ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδάς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 581, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 369, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 950, etc.; π. σοῦ ἐστι [prev. author] “HF” 585, etc.; οὐκ ἦν π. τοῦ Κύρου τρόπου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.: of qualities, etc., π. δυσσεβείας 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 704)]; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1014, compare “El.” 1211; οὐ π. τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.59)]; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου ᾖ if it be at all to our purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 459c; εἰ τόδε π. τρόπου λέγω)]correctly, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 470c)]; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 30.12; τὰ γενήματα π. ἐλάσσονος τιμᾶς πωλῶν “IG” 5(2).515.14 (from Lycosura))]; π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 397a30, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 7.16.5, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 7.12)]; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cicero” 13; π. δέους λαβεῖν τι [prev. author] “Flam.” 7)]; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (variant{ὀργήν}) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 8.1.3; μοι π. εὐκλείας γένοιτο [prev. work] 18.7.7)]; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Declamationes” 43.27, 28.)]
B WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at, ποτὶ γαίῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.190, 11.423; ποτὶ γούνασι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.408)]; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, [Refs (14.398 (nisi to be read περί))]; πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.86; ποτὶ γραμμᾷ στᾶσαί τινα [prev. work] 9.118)]; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντων[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 4.24; δῆσαί τινα πρὸς φάραγγι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 15; νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ π. κύματι [prev. author] “Th.” 210; π. μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 371; π. Ἀργείων στρατῷ [prev. author] “Aj.” 95; π. πέδῳ κεῖται [prev. author] “OT” 180 (Lyric poetry))]; θακεῖν π. ναοῖς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 20, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 855; π. ἡλίου ναίουσι πηγαῖς [prev. author] “Pr.” 808; π. τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.34)]; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (variant ὑπ᾽) αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.79; τεῖχος π. τῇ θαλάσσῃ [prev. author] 3.105; αἱ π. θαλάττῃ πόλεις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.8.1)]; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.105)]; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on.., [Refs ([prev. work] 104)]; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 130, etc.)]; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π... πήματι over it, [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 582)]; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.5, +others; τὴν π. τῷ.. ιερῷ κρήνην “IG” 22.338.13, compare “SIG” 1040.15 (Piraeus, 4th c.BC), +others)]
B.2 before, in the presence of, π. τοῖς θεσμοθέταις, π. τῷ διαιτητῇ λέγειν, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.98, 39.22; ὅσα π. τοῖς κριταῖς γέγονεν [prev. author] 21.18; π. διαιτητῇ φεύγειν [prev. author] 22.28.)]
B.3 with Verbs denoting motion towards a place, upon, against, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.245, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.80; με βάλῃ.. ποτὶ πέτρῃ 5.415, compare 7.279, 9.284; νῆας ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν 3.298, compare 5.401)]; λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking on the ground, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.420; ἴσχοντες πρὸς ταῖς πόλεσι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.35.)]
B.4 sometimes with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.418; προτὶ οἷ εἷλε 21.507; πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.329; προσπεπλασμένας.. π. ὄρεσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.111)]; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1189; π. τινί)]close to, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 204.)]
B.II to express close engagement, at the point of, π. αὐτῷ γ᾽ εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1169)]; engaged in or about, π. τῷ εἰρημένῳ λόγῳ ἦν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84c, compare “Phdr.” 249c, 249d; ἂν π. τῷ σκοπεῖν.. γένησθε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.176; ἀεὶ π. ᾧ εἴη ἔργῳ, τοῦτο ἔπραττεν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.8.22)]; διατρίβειν or σχολάζειν π. τινί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Epicrates Comicus 11.3 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1308b36 (but π. ταῦτα ἐσχόλασα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.6.6); ὅλος εἶναι π. τῷ λήμματι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.127; π. τῇ ἀνάγκῃ ταύτῃ γίγνεσθαι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.74)]; τὴν διάνοιαν, τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν π. τινί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 500b, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.192)]; κατατάξαι αὐτὸν π. γράμμασιν, i.e. give him a post as clerk, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 342.3 (3rd c.BC))]; ὁ π. τοῖς γράμμασι τεταγμένος [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 15.27.7, compare 5.54.7, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 2.29, 3.22; ἐπιμελητὴς π. τῇ εἰκασίᾳ τοῦ σησάμου “PTeb.” 713.2, compare 709.1 (2nd c.BC).)]
B.III to express union or addition, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἄασάν μ᾽ ἕταροί τε κακοὶ π. τοῖσί τε ὕπνος)] and besides them sleep, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.68; π. τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα)]in addition to, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 323, compare “Pers.” 531, 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 8.3. 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 59.3; ἄλλους π. ἑαυτῷ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.90)]; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.90; δέκα μῆνας π. ἄλλοις πέντε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 45; τρίτος.. π. δέκ᾽ ἄλλαισιν γοναῖς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 774)]; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 397e: frequently with _neuter_ _adjectives_, π. τῷ νέῳ ἁπαλός)] besides his youth, [Refs ([prev. author] “Smp.” 195c, compare “Tht.” 185e; π. τῷ βλαβερῷ καὶ ἀηδέστατον [prev. author] “Phdr.” 240b)]; π. τούτοισι besides this, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.51, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 237 (troch.), etc.)]; rarely in singular, π. τούτῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.31, 41)]; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.61, etc.:—compare the Advb. usage, below 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)]
C WITH ACCU[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, it expresses motion or direction towards an object:)]
C.I of Place, towards, to, with Verbs of Motion, ἰέναι π. Ὄλυμπον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.420)]; ἰέναι π. δώματα, etc., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.288, etc.; ἰέναι π. ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.239; φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, ἄγειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, etc., 13.538, 657, etc.; ἄγεσθαιπρὸς οἶκον, ἐρύεσθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον, 9.147, 18.174; ὠθεῖν, δίεσθαι προτὶ ἄστυ, 16.45, 15.681, etc.)]; ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.374; βαλεῖν ποτὶ πέτρας 12.71; κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον 9.147)]; ἀπῆλθε πρὸς ἑαυτόν returned to his home, [LXX (LXX.Num.24.25)]; κληθῆναι π. τὸ δεῖπνον (rarer than ἐπὶ δεῖπνον) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Ma.” 3.)]
C.I.2 with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, π. τεῖχος, π. κίονα ἐρείσας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.112, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.66; ἅρματα.. ἔκλιναν π. ἐνώπια 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.435; ἔγχος ἔστησε π. κίονα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.127; ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες 2.342; ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι 22.334; πρὸς γοῦνα καθέζετό τινος 18.395; π. ἄλλοτ᾽ ἄλλον πημονὴ προσιζάνει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 278; τὰ πολλὰ πατρὸς π. τάφον κτερίσματα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 931)]; χῶρον π. αὐτὸν τόνδ᾽ uncertain in [LXX+NT ([prev. author] “Ph.” 23; later, ἔστη π. τὸν στῦλον LXX.2Ki.23.3; ὁ ὄχλος π. τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἦσαν NT.Mark.4.1)]; π. ὑμᾶς παραμενῶ with you, [NT (NT.1Cor.16.6; ἐκήδευσαν τὸν.. πατέρα.. π. τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγενεῖς)]beside, [Refs (Supp.epigram 6.106 (from Cotiaeum).)]
C.I.2.b of addition, ποὶ τὰν στάλαν ποιγραψάνσθω τάδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 56.46 (Argos, 5th c.BC))]; ἵππον προσετίθει πρὸς τοὔνομα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 63, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.125, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.6, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 33c, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1359b28)]; προσεδαπάνησε π. τὸ μερισθὲν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων over and above the sum allotted to him, [Refs (“IG” 22.1227.9)]; προσετέθη π. τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered to his people, [LXX (LXX.Gen.49.33.)]
C.I.3 with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards, ἰδεῖν π. τινά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.244, +others)]; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 725, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 291, etc.; ἀνταυγεῖ π. Ὄλυμπον 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 44)]; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.622 (similarly, πέτονται πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα)] against the wind, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 597a32))]; κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.364: frequently of points of the compass, π. ζόφον κεῖσθαι)] lie towards the West, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.26; ναίειν π. ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε 13.240; στάντα π. πρώτην ἕω 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 477)]; so in Prose, π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.201, compare 4.40; π. βορέην τε καὶ νότον [prev. author] 2.149; also ἀκτὴ π. Τυρσηνίην τετραμμένη τῆς Σικελίης [prev. author] 6.22 (see. above 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.2))]; π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 772)]; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, [Refs 6th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Pax” 692, 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Epistulae” 4; π. τὸ λύχνον 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 22 Diehl, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 375a27; πὸτ τὸ πῦρ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 751; πρὸς τὸ πῦρ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 372d, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 870a21)]; π. φῶς in open day, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 640)]; but, by torch-light, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.237a.)]
C.I.4 in hostile sense, against, π. Τρῶας μάχεαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.471; ἐστρατόωνθ᾽.. π. τείχεα Θήβης 4.378)]; π. δαίμονα against his will,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (17.98; βεβλήκει π. στῆθος 4.108; γούνατ᾽ ἐπήδα π. ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος 21.303; χρὴ π. θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.88; π. τοὐμὸν σπέρμα χωρήσαντα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 304; ἐπιέναι π. τινάς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65; ὅσα ἔπραξαν οἱ Ἕλληνες π. τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον [prev. author] 1.118; ἀγωνίζεσθαι π. τινά 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 579c; ἀντιτάττεσθαι π. πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.18)]: also in argument, in reply to, ταῦτα π. τὸν Πιττακὸν εἴρηται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 345c)]; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, less strong than κατά τινος against or in accusation, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20 at Title Page, etc.; μήτε π. ἐμὲ μήτε κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ δίκην εἶναι 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 11.34.)]
C.I.5 without any hostile sense, π. ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ᾽ ἀγόρευον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.155,compare 5.274, 11.403, 17.200)]; π.ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.584)]; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν, φράζειν π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8, 90, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 335, “Nu.” 359; ἀπαγγεῖλαι π. τινάς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 267; μνησθῆναι π. τινά 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.19, etc.; ἀμείψασθαι π. τινά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.60 codices; ἀποκρίνεσθαι π. τινάς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 632, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.42)]; ὤμοσε δὲ π. ἔμ᾽ αὐτόν he swore to me, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.331: π.)] sometimes governs the reflexive pronoun, διαλογίζεσθαι π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.45)]; ἀναμνήσθητε, ἐνθυμήθητε π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.52, 15.60; π. ἐμαυτὸν.. ἐλογιζόμην 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 21d)]; μινύρεσθαι, ἄδειν π. ἑαυτόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 880, 931; ἐπικωκύω.. αὐτὴ π. αὑτήν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 285.)]
C.I.5.b π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 30.)]
C.I.6 of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π... Διομήδεα τεύχε᾽ ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.235; ὅσα.. ξυμβόλαια.. ἦν τοῖς ἰδιώταις π. τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἢ ἰδιώτῃ π. τὸ κοινόν “IG” 12.116.19)]; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.15, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.17.6; ξυγχωρεῖν π. τινάς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.59; γίγνεται ὁμολογία π. τινάς [prev. author] 7.82, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61; π. τινὰς ξυμμαχίαν ποιεῖς θαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.22; π. ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ π. τοὺς ἄλλους.. εἰρήνην ἦγον 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.51; π. ἀλλήλους ἔχθραι τε καὶ στέργηθρα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 491; also σαίνειν ποτὶ πάντας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.82, compare “O.” 4.6; παίζειν πρός τινας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 952, etc.; ἀφροδισιάζειν π. τινά 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.14; ἀγαθὸς γίγνεσθαι π. τινά 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.86; εὐσεβὴς π. τινὰς πέλειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 340)]; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.6.1, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.38,40, 3.219; κοινοῦσθαι π. τινάς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 930c; π. τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 4.2)]; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 52.3, compare “SIG” 241.127 (Delph., 4th c.BC))]; ἃ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(7).55.8 (Amorgos, 4th-3rd c.BC),compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 47.34.)]
C.I.6.b in phrases of the form ἡ π. τινὰ εὔνοια (ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sometimes means towards, as ἡ π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.39; ἡ π. ὑμᾶς ἔχθρα [prev. author] “HG” 3.5.10; ἡ ἀπέχθεια ἡ π. τοὺς πλουσίους 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1305a23; τὴν π. τοὺς τετελευτηκότας εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.314, compare “SIG” 352.13 (Ephesus, 4th-3rd c.BC), +others)]; φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινά [Refs (“IG” 12(5).305.13 (from Paros))]: but sometimes at the hands of, ἡ π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.105)]; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.45)]; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους.. τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.36, compare 6.3, 19.85)]; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 1.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 21c, 28a, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.101, 19.50, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 135, 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.19, etc.; τίνος ὄντος ἐμοὶ π. ὑμᾶς ἐγκλήματο; 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.23, compare 16.10; τιμώμενος.. διὰ τὴν π. ὑμᾶς πίστιν 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 3.12, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.67, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.25)]; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, [Refs ([prev. author] 25.93)]; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 23.7.5.)]
C.I.7 of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc., τάδε ὁ σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο.. π. μνήμονας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 45.8 (Halic., 5th c.BC),compare “IG” 7.15.1 (Megara, 2nd c.BC); γράφεσθαι αὐτὸν κλοπῆς.. π. τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς [prev. work]12.65.46; ἀτέλειαν εἶναι αὐτῷ καὶ δίκας π. τὸν πολέμαρχον [prev. work]153.7; λόγον διδόντων τῶν.. χρημάτων.. π. τοὺς λογιστάς [prev. work]91.27;)] before a jury, ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 26.14; ἀντιδικῆσαι τῷ παιδὶ.. π. ὑμᾶς 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 11.19 codices (uncertain))]; before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, [Refs ([prev. author] 3.25; ὀμόσαντες πὸ (τ) τὸν θεόν “Schwyzer” 418.11 (from Elis))]; φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸ (τ) τὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, [Refs ([prev. work]415.7([prev. passage]))]; λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 43.15, Legal [prev. work] 21.47, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 56.6; τοῖς ἐμπόροις εἶναι τὰς δίκας π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.1)]; θέντων τὰ.. ποτήρια.. π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IPE” 12.32 A 15 (Olbia, 3rd c.BC))]; also διαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.31, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 7.33.)]
C.II of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about, ποτὶ ἕσπερα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.191; ποτὶἕσπερον 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 552; πρὸς ἑσπέραν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328a; ἐπεὶ π. ἑσπέραν ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.3.22; π. ἡμέραν [prev. author] “An.” 4.5.21; π. ὄρθρον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1089)]; ποτ᾽ ὄρθρον (nisi to be read πότορθρον) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.126, Erinna Lyrica in “PSI” 9.1090.48 + 8 (p.xii); πρὸς ἕω 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 312)]; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 18.55, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 223c)]; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 592, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 653a)]; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.67)]; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, [Refs (“IG” 22.1368.41: later, π.τὸ παρόν)] for the moment, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Ep. Sat.” 28, etc.)]; see below 111.5.
C.III of Relation between two objects,
C.III.1 in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17, etc.)]; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 14.2)]; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.128)]; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1441; μέτεστι π. τὰ ἴδια διάφορα πᾶσι τὸ ἴσον.. ἐλευθέρως δὲ τὰ π. τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύομεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.37; οὐδὲν διοίσει π. τὸ γενέσθαι..)]in respect of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Priora” 24a25, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 111b)]; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.44, compare 21,60, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.12)]; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PAmh.” 91.18 (2nd c.AD))]; π. τοῦτον ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις [LXX (LXX.2Mac.4.28)]; ἐὰν.. βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 40.61)]; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. cited in [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 39.2.3, 10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus)]; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.44; λόγος ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ π. Ἀθηναίους 5th c.BC: Philonides Comicus 1 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator; π. Ἰάσονά ἐστιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς τιμῆς “PHamb.” 27.8 (3rd c.BC),compare “PCair.Zen.” 150.18 (3rd c.BC))]; ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (i.e. ὁ λόγος) he shall have to reckon with God, [Refs (“Supp.epigram” 6.188, compare 194, +others (from Eumenia); without αὐτῷ, [prev. work]236 (from Phrygia))]; ἔσται π. τὴν Τριάδαν [Refs (“MAMA” 1.168, compare “Supp.epigram” 6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); ἕξει π. τὸν Θεόν [prev. work]300, +others ([prev. passage]); ἕξει π. τὴν ἐωνίαν κρίσιν [prev. work]4.733 (from Eukhaita), compare 6.841 (from Cyprus))]; π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάς [Refs (10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus)] see at {ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ},[NT+5th c.BC+ (cf. NT.2Cor.5.12: with _adverbs_, ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν π. τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.14, etc.)]; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Categoriae” 1b25, 6a36, +others)]; τὸ π. τι, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Pythagoras Philosophus)] name for two, [Refs (Theol.Ar. 8)]; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opposed to ἁπλῶς, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 72a1)]; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί with accusative, perpendicular to, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 2.3, “Spir.” 20; ἁ Δζ ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ ἀμβλεῖαν ποιεῖ γωνίαν [prev. work] 16.)]
C.III.2 in reference to, in consequence of, πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, compare 4.161)]; π. τὴν φήμην in view of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 3.153, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.39; χαλεπαίνειν π. τι [prev. author] 2.59; ἀθύμως ἔχειν π. τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.5.4)], etc.: with neuter pronoun, π. τ; wherefore? to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 766, 1027, etc.)]; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 1018)]; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (Scholia 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.23; π. ταῦτα)]therefore, this being so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.9, 40, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 915, 992, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 426, etc.; compare οὗτος with v111. 1b.)]
C.III.3 in reference to or for a purpose, ἕστηκεν.. μῆλα π. σφαγάς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1057)]; χρήσιμος, ἱκανὸς π. τι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 474d, “Prt.” 322b; ὡς π. τί χρεία; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1174, compare “OC” 71, “Tr.” 1182; ἕτοιμος π. τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.5.12; ἱκανῶς ὡς π. τὴν παροῦσαν χρείαν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Caelo” 269b21; ἢν ἀρήγειν φαίνηται π. τὴν σύμπασαν νοῦσον 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 60)]; ποιεῖ π. ἐπιλημπτικούς is efficacious for cases of epilepsy, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 1.6; ἐθέλοντες τὰ π. τὴν νοῦσον ἡδέα μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ π. τὴν ὑγιείην προσδέχεσθαι 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τέχνης” 7.)]
C.III.3.b with a view to or for a future time, ὅπως.. γράμματα δῷ π. ἢν ἂν ἡμέραν ἑκάτεροι παραγίνωνται [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“SIG” 679.62 (Senatus consultum, 2nd c.BC))]; θαυμάζεται τὰ Περικλέους ἔργα π. πολὺν χρόνον ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενόμενα [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pericles” 13.)]
C.III.3.c ={πρός} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11, ἐγίνετο π. ἀναζογήν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.92.8; ὄντων π. τὸ κωλύειν [prev. author] 1.26.3, compare 1.29.3, +others, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Nicias” 5.)]
C.III.4 in proportion or relation to, in comparison with, κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα Κῦρον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.34; ἔργα λόγου μέζω π. πᾶσαν χώρην [prev. author] 2.35; π. πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους [prev. author] 3.94, 8.44; πολλὴν ἂν οἶμαι ἀπιστίαν τῆς δυνάμεως.. π. τὸ κλέος αὐτῶν εἶναι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.10, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 327d, 328c, “Phd.” 102c, etc.)]; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.10; τὸ κάλλιστον τῶν ἔργων π. τὸ αἴσχιστον συμβαλεῖν 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 68; ἓν π. ἓν συμβάλλειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.50; also ἔχεις π. τὰ ἔτη μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχα 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 2.3; ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ π. τὴν ἐξουσίαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.39: also of mathematical ratio, οἷος ὁ πρῶτος (i.e. ὅρος) ποτὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ποτὶ τὸν τρίτον 4th c.BC: Archytas Tarentinus Philosophus 2, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 11, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 36b, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1409a4, +others, 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 5 “Def.” 4, etc.)]; πρὸς παρεὸν.. μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 106: also of price, value, πωλεῖσθαι δὶς π. ἀργύριον)] sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.6.4; πωλεῖται ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ π. διπλοῦν ἀργύριον 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 1.19)]; [ἡ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται.. π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 3.93b: _metaphorically_, π. ἀρετήν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69a)]; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 51.3)]; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 22.1013.14, compare “PHib.” 1.32.9 (3rd c.BC), “IG” 5(1).1390.78 (Andania, 1st c.BC))]; τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματα [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“SIG” 364.42 (Ephesus, 3rd c.BC))]; θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IPE” 12.32 A 16 (Olbia, 3rd c.BC))]; τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 38.11.10, compare 1.72.5, 5.27.4, 5, 7, 5.108.1, “PTeb.” 707.9 (2nd c.BC))]; τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκότας [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 25.3.1, compare “SIG” 742.31 (Ephesus, 1st c.BC))]; ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον.. π. χαλκόν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3073.6 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC),compare “PSI” 5.356.7 (3rd c.BC), “PTeb.” 825 (a). 16 (2nd c.BC), “Sammelb.” 5106.3 (2nd c.BC))]; οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοι [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.42b)]; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 828 (also π. ἅλα δειπνεῖν καὶ κύαμον,)] i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.684f); so ἡδονὰς π. ἡδονὰς.. καταλλάττεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69a)]; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra, π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.126, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 67.2, 3, 69.2; λεγέσθω τᾶς δίκας ὁ μὲν πρᾶτος λόγος ἑκατέροις ποτὶ χόας δεκαοκτώ “SIG” 953.17 (Calymna, 2nd c.BC); λεξάντων πρὸς τὴν τήρησιν τοῦ ὕδατος [prev. work]683.60 (Olympia, 2nd c.BC))]; π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Epinicus Comicus 2; π. κλεψύδρας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1451a8; π. ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἀναγκαζόμενος λέγειν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 41.30)]; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time, ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίαν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 5.9.1, compare 3rd c.AD: Alexander Aphrodisiensis Philosophus “in Aristotelis Topicorum libros octo commentaria - pars” 560.2, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 2.19, “POxy” 67.14 (4th c.AD), 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus “fragment” 116, “Geoponica” 4.15.8)]; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Antyllus Medicus cited in 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus 9.24.26, 7th c.AD: Paulus Aegineta Medicus)]Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν poetical in [Refs (“Mus.Script.” p.452 von Jan; μήτηρ δ᾽ ἦν π. μικρόν “Sammelb.” 7288.4 (from Ptolemaic))]; π. βραχύ [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.47b (but π. βραχὺ παρηβηκυίας)] (by) a little past their best, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“Geoponica” 4.15.3); π. βραχὺν καιρόν 4th c.AD: Iamblichus Philosophus “Protrepticus” 21. κα; π. τὸ ἀκαρές 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “ad Gaurum - Abh. Berl. Akad.” 3.3; π. μίαν ἢ δευτέραν ἡμέραν 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.101, compare 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.56; π. δύο ἡμέρας ἐκοίμησα ἐκεῖ “BGU” 775.8 (2nd c.AD))]; π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέραν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Sammelb.” 7399 (2nd c.AD),compare 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 12.4; προστιμάσθω π. χρόνον μὴ εἰσελθεῖν ὅσον ἂν δόξῃ “IG” 22.1368.89.)]
C.III.5 in or by reference to, according to, in view of, π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.20, compare 113, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.46, 47, “IG” 22.1.20, etc.; π. τὴν παροῦσαν ἀρρωστίαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.47; ἵνα π. τὸν ὑπάρχοντα καιρὸν ἕκαστα θεωρῆτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.17, compare 314, etc.; εἴ τι δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι π. τὸν ἄλλον τρόπον [prev. author] 27.22)]; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.226; ἐλευθέρου τὸ μὴ π. ἄλλον ζῆν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1367a32; π. τοῦτον πάντ᾽ ἐσκόπουν, π. τοῦτον ἐποιοῦντο τὴν εἰρήνην 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.63)]; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1310a14)]; ὁρῶ.. ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.28; π. τὰς τύχας γὰρ τὰς φρένας κεκτήμεθα)]according to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 701)]; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“IG” 5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus))]; τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 5.44)], compare 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ.. πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, [Refs (“IG” 22.1013.7)]; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ ([prev. work] 30,compare “PAmh.” 43.10 (2nd c.BC))]; [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 10.2; ὀρθὸν π. τὸν διαβήτην “IG” 22.1668.9, compare 95,7.3073.108 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC))]; π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus “fragment” 104.6.)]
C.III.6 with the accompaniment of musical instruments, π. κάλαμον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).84)]; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 346, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 6.3, etc.; π. λύραν.. ᾄδειν “SIG” 662.13 (Delos, 2nd c.BC))]; π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 5.34.)]
C.III.7 πρός c.accusative frequently periphrastic for adverb, π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion, νῦν χρὴ.. τινα π. βίαν πώνην [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 20 (assuming variant); π. βίαν ἐπίνομεν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 73; τὸ π. βίαν πίνειν ἴσον πέφυκε τῷ διψῆν κακόν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 735)]; ἥκω.. π. βίαν under compulsion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Critias Philosophus, Tragicus, Elegiacus 16.10 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)]; by force, forcibly, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 210, 355, etc.)]; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, [Refs ([prev. author] “Eu.” 5)] (but also, in spite of any one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 657); π. τὸ βίαιον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 130 (Lyric poetry); π. τὸ καρτερόν [prev. author] “Pr.” 214)]; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Th.” 498, “Pers.” 569 (Lyric poetry); οὐ διαχωρέεει [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ π. ἀνάγκην 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προγνωστικόν” 8, 19; π. ἰσχύος κράτος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 594; π. ἡδονὴν εἶναί τινι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 494)]; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 921, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.38, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 773; οἱ πάντα π. ἡδονὴν ἐπαινοῦντες 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1126b13; ἅπαντα π. ἡδ. ζητεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.15, compare 18.4)]; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 2.133; πίνειν π. ἡδ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 176e)]; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.53)]; π. χάριν so as to gratify, μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.1, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1152; π. χάριν δημηγορεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.3, etc.:)] with genitive _of things_, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of, π. χ. βορᾶς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 30, compare “Ph.” 1156 (Lyric poetry); π. ἰσχύος χ.)]by means of, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 538)]; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 369, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 53.16 (variant); π. ὀργὴν ἐλθεῖν τινι [prev. author] 39.23, etc.)]; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1119; π. εὐσέβειαν [prev. author] “El.” 464)]; π. καιρόν seasonably, [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 38, etc.; π. φύσιν [prev. author] “Tr.” 308)]; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 226.2)]; π. μέρος in due proportion, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.32; π. ὀλίγον μέρος “Geoponica” 2.15.1)]; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.403)]; π. ὀρθὰς (i.e. γωνίας (.. τῇ AEB at right angles to, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 373a14, compare 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.11, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 1.3; π. ὀρθὴν τέμνουσα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 363b2)]; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Tox.” 9, “Hist.Conscr.” 38)]; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 15.687a, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 48, “Alex.” 61: with _superlative_, π. τὰ μέγιστα)] in the highest degree, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.20.)]
C.III.8 of Numbers. up to, about, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.7.5, etc.: compare πρόσπου.)]
D AB[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)] AS adverb., besides, over and above; in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus always π. δέ or ποτὶ δέ, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.307, 10.108, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.71, etc.; π. δὲ καί [prev. work] 164, 207; π. δὲ ἔτι [prev. author] 3.74; καὶ π. [prev. author] 7.154, 184, probably in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 301, etc.; καὶ π. γε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 110, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328a, 466e; καὶ.. γε π. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73; καὶ δὴ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.67)]; frequently at the end of a second clause, τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 622; ἀλογία.., καὶ ἀμαθία γε π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 90e, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 610; ἐνενήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι π. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.28, compare 22.60.)]
E IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
E.I motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.
E.II addition, besides, as προσκτάομαι, προσδίδωμι, προστίθημι, etc.
E.III a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaphorically connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.
F REMARKS,
F.1 in poetry πρός sometimes stands after its case and before an attribute, ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 653, compare “Th.” 185, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 178 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 94)]; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ) σφέτερον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.419, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 4.5.)]
F.2 in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus it is frequently separated from its Verb by tmesis.)]
F.3 sometimes (in violation of the rule given by [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 127.8, “Pron.” 42.5))] followed by an enclitic pronoun, πρός με [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 292, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1055, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.14 (variant), 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 978, “Pk.” 77, “Comica Adespota” 15.25 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, 22.68 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, etc.)]
preposition, expressing direction,
A on the side of, in the direction of, hence with genitive, dative, and accusative, from, at, to: Epic dialect also προτί and ποτί, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] usually with accusative, more rarely with dative, and each only once with genitive, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.831, 22.198)]:—dialectal forms: Doric dialectποτί (which see) and ποί, but Cretan dialect πορτί [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 5.44, etc.)], Argive προτ(ί) [Refs 7th c.BC+ (“Schwyzer” 84.3 (found at Tylisus, 5th c.BC), restored in “Mnemos.” 57.208(Argos, 6th c.BC), and in 7th c.BC: Alcman Lyricus 30; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, 5th c.AD: Cypria)] πός [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“SIG” 306.11 (Tegea, 4th c.BC), “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.19 H)]., also sometimes in Asia Minor in compounds, see at {ποσάγω},{ποσφέρω}; Aeolic dialect πρός [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 69 (προσ-), 109, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 20 (assuming variant))]; πρές [Refs 6th c.AD+ (6th c.AD: Joannes Alexandrinus Grammaticus “Comp.” 3.10)]; Pamphylian περτ (ί) [Refs (“Schwyzer” 686.7, 686a 4.)] (With προτί, πρός cf. Sanskrit práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slavonic protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Latin pretium: ποτί (which see) and πός are not cognate) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus WITH GEN., πρός)] refers to that from which something comes:
A.I of Place, from, ἵκετο ἠὲ π. ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.29; τὸν π. Σάρδεων ἤλεκτρον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1037 (variant).)]
A.I.2 on the side of, towards, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος towards Elis, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.347)]; π. ἁλός, π. Θύμβρης, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.428, 430; εἶναι π. θαλάσσης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.154; ἱδρῦσθαι π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου [prev. author] 8.120; ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο π. Ὀλύνθου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.62, etc.)]; φυλακαὶ π. Αἰθιόπων, π. Ἀραβίων, π. Διβύης, on the frontier towards the Ethiopians, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.30: frequently with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν π. βορέαο, αἱ δ᾽ αὖ π. νότου)] one on the north side, the other on the south side, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.110; οἰκέουσι π. νότου ἀνέμου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.101; π. ἄρκτου τε καὶ βορέω ἀνέμου κατοικημένοι [prev. work] 102; π. μεσαμβρίης [prev. work] 107)]; π. τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος (in such phrases the accusative is more common) [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.84; π. Πλαταιῶν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.21; π. Νεμέας [prev. author] 5.59)]; ἀπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ π. τοῦ λιμένος ἅπαν everything on the harbour-ward side of this road, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.892: combined with π. with _accusative_, π. ἠῶ τε καὶ τοῦ Τανάϊδος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.122; τὸν μέν π. βορέω ἑστεῶτα, τὸν δὲ π. νότον [prev. author] 2.121, compare 4.17.)]
A.I.3 before, in presence of, μάρτυροι ἔστων π. τε θεῶν μακάρων π. τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.339; οὐδ᾽ ἐπιορκήσω π. δαίμονος 19.188)]; ποίτοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.. ὑπίσχομαι probably in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 22.1126.7 (Amphict. Delph., 4th c.BC); ὑποσχομένους πρὸς τοῦ Διός [prev. work]1237.16: hence,)]
A.I.3.b in the eyes of, ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.71, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.6.6, etc.)]; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Legal cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.97)]; κατειπάτω.. ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 986.9, compare 17 (Chios, 5th-4th c.BC))]; ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.286.)]
A.I.4 in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of, σε.. γουνάζομαι.. π. τ᾽ ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.67; π. θεῶν πατρῴων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 839 (Lyric poetry), etc.)]; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.20, etc.: the verb is frequently omitted with π. θεῶν or τῶν θεῶν, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 551, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1037, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 760; π. τοῦ Διός [prev. author] “Av.” 130)]: less frequently with other words, π. τῆς ἑστίας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 953.39; π. Χαρίτων 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Hist.Conscr.” 14; μὴ π. γενείου 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1208; μὴ π. ξενίας τᾶς σᾶς [prev. author] “OC” 515 (Lyric poetry))]: sometimes in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστί; in heaven's name, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.15; π. τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς..; 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.45; ἆρ᾽ οὖν, ὦ π. Διός,..; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 459a, compare “Ap.” 26e)]: sometimes in Trag. with the pronoun σε between preposition and case, π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός.. ἱκνοῦμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 468; μὴ π. σε γονάτων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 324.)]
A.I.5 of origin or descent, from, on the side of, γένος ἐξ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ τὰ π. πατρός by the father's side, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.99; Ἀθηναῖον.. καὶ τὰ π. πατρὸς καὶ τὰ π. μητρός 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.42, “SIG” 1015.7 (Halic.))]; πρόγονοι ἢ π. ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν in the male or female line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 173d; ὁ πατὴρ π. μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἦν τῶν Εὐπατριδῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 16.25; οἱ συγγενεῖς τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ π. ἀνδρῶν καὶ π. γυναικῶν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.23)]; οἱ π. αἵματος blood-relations, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1305; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ π. αἵματος φύσιν [prev. author] “El.” 1125.)]
A.II of effects proceeding from what cause soever:
A.II.1 from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc., ὡς ἂν.. τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων Δαναῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.85, compare 1.160, etc.; τιμὴν π. Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.302; δίδοι οἱ.. χάριν ποτ᾽ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.90; ἄνθεα τιμῆς πρὸς θνητῶν ἀνελέσθαι 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 4.7; φυλακῆς π. δήμου κυρῆσαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59; τυχεῖν τινος π. θεῶν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 550, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 527; λαχὼν π. δαιμόνων ὄλβον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.45; κακόν τι π. θεῶν ἢ π. ἀνθρώπων λαβεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.139, etc.; μανθάνειν π. ἀστῶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 13: with passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι)] to have been taught by.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.831, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 357; ἄριστα πεποίηται.. πρὸς Τρώων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.57)]; αἴσχε᾽ ἀκούω π. Τρώων[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 525, compare 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 79; ταῦτα.. π. τούτου κλύειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 429; οὐ λέγεται π. οὐδαμῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.47; ἀτιμάζεσθαι, τετιμῆσθαι π. τινῶν, [prev. work] 61, 2.75)]; also λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶν [Refs ([prev. author] 1.120)]; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 73; π. ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1269, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1237)]; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 949; τὸ ποιεύμενον π. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.209; αἰτηθέντες π. τινὸς χρήματα [prev. author] 8.111; ἱμέρου βέλει π. σοῦ τέθαλπται 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 650)]: with an adjective or substantive, τιμήεσσα π. πόσιος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.162; ἐπίφθονος π. τῶν πλεόνων ἀνθρώπων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.139; ἔρημος π. φίλων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 919; ἀπαθὴς π. ἀστῶν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.297; πειθὼ π. τινός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 562; π. Τρώων.. κλέος εἶναι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.514)]; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 73, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 624 (Lyric poetry); ἐλίπετο ἀθάνατον μνήμην π. Ἑλλησποντίων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.144: with an)] adverb, οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.18, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 463d.)]
A.II.2 of things, π. τίνος ποτ᾽ αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1236)]; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of.., [Refs ([prev. author] “Ant.” 51.)]
A.III of dependence or close connexion: hence,
A.III.1 dependent on one, under one's protection, π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.207, 14.57)]; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.239)]; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, [Refs (6.456.)]
A.III.2 on one's side, in one's favour, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.75, 124, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1434, “Tr.” 479, etc.; π. τῶν ἐχόντων.. τὸν νόμον τίθης 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 57.)]
A.IV of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like, τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.153, compare 5.12)]; ἦ κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 592, compare 1636; οὐ π. ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδάς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 581, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 369, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 950, etc.; π. σοῦ ἐστι [prev. author] “HF” 585, etc.; οὐκ ἦν π. τοῦ Κύρου τρόπου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.: of qualities, etc., π. δυσσεβείας 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 704)]; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1014, compare “El.” 1211; οὐ π. τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.59)]; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου ᾖ if it be at all to our purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 459c; εἰ τόδε π. τρόπου λέγω)]correctly, [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 470c)]; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 30.12; τὰ γενήματα π. ἐλάσσονος τιμᾶς πωλῶν “IG” 5(2).515.14 (from Lycosura))]; π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 397a30, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 7.16.5, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 7.12)]; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cicero” 13; π. δέους λαβεῖν τι [prev. author] “Flam.” 7)]; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (variant{ὀργήν}) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 8.1.3; μοι π. εὐκλείας γένοιτο [prev. work] 18.7.7)]; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Declamationes” 43.27, 28.)]
B WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at, ποτὶ γαίῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.190, 11.423; ποτὶ γούνασι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.408)]; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, [Refs (14.398 (nisi to be read περί))]; πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.86; ποτὶ γραμμᾷ στᾶσαί τινα [prev. work] 9.118)]; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντων[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 4.24; δῆσαί τινα πρὸς φάραγγι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 15; νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ π. κύματι [prev. author] “Th.” 210; π. μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 371; π. Ἀργείων στρατῷ [prev. author] “Aj.” 95; π. πέδῳ κεῖται [prev. author] “OT” 180 (Lyric poetry))]; θακεῖν π. ναοῖς[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 20, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 855; π. ἡλίου ναίουσι πηγαῖς [prev. author] “Pr.” 808; π. τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.34)]; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (variant ὑπ᾽) αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 2.79; τεῖχος π. τῇ θαλάσσῃ [prev. author] 3.105; αἱ π. θαλάττῃ πόλεις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.8.1)]; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.105)]; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on.., [Refs ([prev. work] 104)]; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 130, etc.)]; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π... πήματι over it, [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 582)]; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.5, +others; τὴν π. τῷ.. ιερῷ κρήνην “IG” 22.338.13, compare “SIG” 1040.15 (Piraeus, 4th c.BC), +others)]
B.2 before, in the presence of, π. τοῖς θεσμοθέταις, π. τῷ διαιτητῇ λέγειν, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.98, 39.22; ὅσα π. τοῖς κριταῖς γέγονεν [prev. author] 21.18; π. διαιτητῇ φεύγειν [prev. author] 22.28.)]
B.3 with Verbs denoting motion towards a place, upon, against, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.245, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.80; με βάλῃ.. ποτὶ πέτρῃ 5.415, compare 7.279, 9.284; νῆας ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν 3.298, compare 5.401)]; λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking on the ground, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.420; ἴσχοντες πρὸς ταῖς πόλεσι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.35.)]
B.4 sometimes with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.418; προτὶ οἷ εἷλε 21.507; πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.329; προσπεπλασμένας.. π. ὄρεσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.111)]; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1189; π. τινί)]close to, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 204.)]
B.II to express close engagement, at the point of, π. αὐτῷ γ᾽ εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1169)]; engaged in or about, π. τῷ εἰρημένῳ λόγῳ ἦν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84c, compare “Phdr.” 249c, 249d; ἂν π. τῷ σκοπεῖν.. γένησθε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.176; ἀεὶ π. ᾧ εἴη ἔργῳ, τοῦτο ἔπραττεν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.8.22)]; διατρίβειν or σχολάζειν π. τινί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Epicrates Comicus 11.3 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1308b36 (but π. ταῦτα ἐσχόλασα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.6.6); ὅλος εἶναι π. τῷ λήμματι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.127; π. τῇ ἀνάγκῃ ταύτῃ γίγνεσθαι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.74)]; τὴν διάνοιαν, τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν π. τινί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 500b, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.192)]; κατατάξαι αὐτὸν π. γράμμασιν, i.e. give him a post as clerk, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 342.3 (3rd c.BC))]; ὁ π. τοῖς γράμμασι τεταγμένος [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 15.27.7, compare 5.54.7, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 2.29, 3.22; ἐπιμελητὴς π. τῇ εἰκασίᾳ τοῦ σησάμου “PTeb.” 713.2, compare 709.1 (2nd c.BC).)]
B.III to express union or addition, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἄασάν μ᾽ ἕταροί τε κακοὶ π. τοῖσί τε ὕπνος)] and besides them sleep, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.68; π. τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα)]in addition to, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 323, compare “Pers.” 531, 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 8.3. 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 59.3; ἄλλους π. ἑαυτῷ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.90)]; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.90; δέκα μῆνας π. ἄλλοις πέντε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 45; τρίτος.. π. δέκ᾽ ἄλλαισιν γοναῖς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 774)]; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 397e: frequently with _neuter_ _adjectives_, π. τῷ νέῳ ἁπαλός)] besides his youth, [Refs ([prev. author] “Smp.” 195c, compare “Tht.” 185e; π. τῷ βλαβερῷ καὶ ἀηδέστατον [prev. author] “Phdr.” 240b)]; π. τούτοισι besides this, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.51, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 237 (troch.), etc.)]; rarely in singular, π. τούτῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.31, 41)]; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.61, etc.:—compare the Advb. usage, below 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)]
C WITH ACCU[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, it expresses motion or direction towards an object:)]
C.I of Place, towards, to, with Verbs of Motion, ἰέναι π. Ὄλυμπον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.420)]; ἰέναι π. δώματα, etc., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.288, etc.; ἰέναι π. ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.239; φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, ἄγειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, etc., 13.538, 657, etc.; ἄγεσθαιπρὸς οἶκον, ἐρύεσθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον, 9.147, 18.174; ὠθεῖν, δίεσθαι προτὶ ἄστυ, 16.45, 15.681, etc.)]; ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.374; βαλεῖν ποτὶ πέτρας 12.71; κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον 9.147)]; ἀπῆλθε πρὸς ἑαυτόν returned to his home, [LXX (LXX.Num.24.25)]; κληθῆναι π. τὸ δεῖπνον (rarer than ἐπὶ δεῖπνον) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Ma.” 3.)]
C.I.2 with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, π. τεῖχος, π. κίονα ἐρείσας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.112, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.66; ἅρματα.. ἔκλιναν π. ἐνώπια 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.435; ἔγχος ἔστησε π. κίονα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.127; ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες 2.342; ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι 22.334; πρὸς γοῦνα καθέζετό τινος 18.395; π. ἄλλοτ᾽ ἄλλον πημονὴ προσιζάνει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 278; τὰ πολλὰ πατρὸς π. τάφον κτερίσματα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 931)]; χῶρον π. αὐτὸν τόνδ᾽ uncertain in [LXX+NT ([prev. author] “Ph.” 23; later, ἔστη π. τὸν στῦλον LXX.2Ki.23.3; ὁ ὄχλος π. τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἦσαν NT.Mark.4.1)]; π. ὑμᾶς παραμενῶ with you, [NT (NT.1Cor.16.6; ἐκήδευσαν τὸν.. πατέρα.. π. τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγενεῖς)]beside, [Refs (Supp.epigram 6.106 (from Cotiaeum).)]
C.I.2.b of addition, ποὶ τὰν στάλαν ποιγραψάνσθω τάδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 56.46 (Argos, 5th c.BC))]; ἵππον προσετίθει πρὸς τοὔνομα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 63, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.125, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.6, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 33c, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1359b28)]; προσεδαπάνησε π. τὸ μερισθὲν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων over and above the sum allotted to him, [Refs (“IG” 22.1227.9)]; προσετέθη π. τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered to his people, [LXX (LXX.Gen.49.33.)]
C.I.3 with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards, ἰδεῖν π. τινά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.244, +others)]; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 725, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 291, etc.; ἀνταυγεῖ π. Ὄλυμπον 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 44)]; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.622 (similarly, πέτονται πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα)] against the wind, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 597a32))]; κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.364: frequently of points of the compass, π. ζόφον κεῖσθαι)] lie towards the West, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.26; ναίειν π. ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε 13.240; στάντα π. πρώτην ἕω 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 477)]; so in Prose, π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.201, compare 4.40; π. βορέην τε καὶ νότον [prev. author] 2.149; also ἀκτὴ π. Τυρσηνίην τετραμμένη τῆς Σικελίης [prev. author] 6.22 (see. above 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.2))]; π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 772)]; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, [Refs 6th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Pax” 692, 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Epistulae” 4; π. τὸ λύχνον 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 22 Diehl, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 375a27; πὸτ τὸ πῦρ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 751; πρὸς τὸ πῦρ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 372d, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 870a21)]; π. φῶς in open day, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 640)]; but, by torch-light, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.237a.)]
C.I.4 in hostile sense, against, π. Τρῶας μάχεαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.471; ἐστρατόωνθ᾽.. π. τείχεα Θήβης 4.378)]; π. δαίμονα against his will,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (17.98; βεβλήκει π. στῆθος 4.108; γούνατ᾽ ἐπήδα π. ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος 21.303; χρὴ π. θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.88; π. τοὐμὸν σπέρμα χωρήσαντα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 304; ἐπιέναι π. τινάς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65; ὅσα ἔπραξαν οἱ Ἕλληνες π. τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον [prev. author] 1.118; ἀγωνίζεσθαι π. τινά 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 579c; ἀντιτάττεσθαι π. πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.18)]: also in argument, in reply to, ταῦτα π. τὸν Πιττακὸν εἴρηται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 345c)]; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, less strong than κατά τινος against or in accusation, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20 at Title Page, etc.; μήτε π. ἐμὲ μήτε κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ δίκην εἶναι 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 11.34.)]
C.I.5 without any hostile sense, π. ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ᾽ ἀγόρευον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.155,compare 5.274, 11.403, 17.200)]; π.ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.584)]; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν, φράζειν π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8, 90, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 335, “Nu.” 359; ἀπαγγεῖλαι π. τινάς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 267; μνησθῆναι π. τινά 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.19, etc.; ἀμείψασθαι π. τινά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.60 codices; ἀποκρίνεσθαι π. τινάς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 632, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.42)]; ὤμοσε δὲ π. ἔμ᾽ αὐτόν he swore to me, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.331: π.)] sometimes governs the reflexive pronoun, διαλογίζεσθαι π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.45)]; ἀναμνήσθητε, ἐνθυμήθητε π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.52, 15.60; π. ἐμαυτὸν.. ἐλογιζόμην 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 21d)]; μινύρεσθαι, ἄδειν π. ἑαυτόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 880, 931; ἐπικωκύω.. αὐτὴ π. αὑτήν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 285.)]
C.I.5.b π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 30.)]
C.I.6 of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π... Διομήδεα τεύχε᾽ ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.235; ὅσα.. ξυμβόλαια.. ἦν τοῖς ἰδιώταις π. τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἢ ἰδιώτῃ π. τὸ κοινόν “IG” 12.116.19)]; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.15, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.17.6; ξυγχωρεῖν π. τινάς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.59; γίγνεται ὁμολογία π. τινάς [prev. author] 7.82, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61; π. τινὰς ξυμμαχίαν ποιεῖς θαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.22; π. ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ π. τοὺς ἄλλους.. εἰρήνην ἦγον 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.51; π. ἀλλήλους ἔχθραι τε καὶ στέργηθρα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 491; also σαίνειν ποτὶ πάντας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.82, compare “O.” 4.6; παίζειν πρός τινας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 952, etc.; ἀφροδισιάζειν π. τινά 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.14; ἀγαθὸς γίγνεσθαι π. τινά 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.86; εὐσεβὴς π. τινὰς πέλειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 340)]; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.6.1, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.38,40, 3.219; κοινοῦσθαι π. τινάς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 930c; π. τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 4.2)]; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 52.3, compare “SIG” 241.127 (Delph., 4th c.BC))]; ἃ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(7).55.8 (Amorgos, 4th-3rd c.BC),compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 47.34.)]
C.I.6.b in phrases of the form ἡ π. τινὰ εὔνοια (ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sometimes means towards, as ἡ π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.39; ἡ π. ὑμᾶς ἔχθρα [prev. author] “HG” 3.5.10; ἡ ἀπέχθεια ἡ π. τοὺς πλουσίους 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1305a23; τὴν π. τοὺς τετελευτηκότας εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.314, compare “SIG” 352.13 (Ephesus, 4th-3rd c.BC), +others)]; φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινά [Refs (“IG” 12(5).305.13 (from Paros))]: but sometimes at the hands of, ἡ π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.105)]; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, [Refs ([prev. author] 2.45)]; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους.. τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.36, compare 6.3, 19.85)]; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 1.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 21c, 28a, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.101, 19.50, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 135, 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.19, etc.; τίνος ὄντος ἐμοὶ π. ὑμᾶς ἐγκλήματο; 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.23, compare 16.10; τιμώμενος.. διὰ τὴν π. ὑμᾶς πίστιν 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 3.12, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.67, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.25)]; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, [Refs ([prev. author] 25.93)]; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 23.7.5.)]
C.I.7 of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc., τάδε ὁ σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο.. π. μνήμονας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 45.8 (Halic., 5th c.BC),compare “IG” 7.15.1 (Megara, 2nd c.BC); γράφεσθαι αὐτὸν κλοπῆς.. π. τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς [prev. work]12.65.46; ἀτέλειαν εἶναι αὐτῷ καὶ δίκας π. τὸν πολέμαρχον [prev. work]153.7; λόγον διδόντων τῶν.. χρημάτων.. π. τοὺς λογιστάς [prev. work]91.27;)] before a jury, ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 26.14; ἀντιδικῆσαι τῷ παιδὶ.. π. ὑμᾶς 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 11.19 codices (uncertain))]; before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, [Refs ([prev. author] 3.25; ὀμόσαντες πὸ (τ) τὸν θεόν “Schwyzer” 418.11 (from Elis))]; φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸ (τ) τὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, [Refs ([prev. work]415.7([prev. passage]))]; λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 43.15, Legal [prev. work] 21.47, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 56.6; τοῖς ἐμπόροις εἶναι τὰς δίκας π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.1)]; θέντων τὰ.. ποτήρια.. π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IPE” 12.32 A 15 (Olbia, 3rd c.BC))]; also διαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.31, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 7.33.)]
C.II of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about, ποτὶ ἕσπερα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.191; ποτὶἕσπερον 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 552; πρὸς ἑσπέραν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328a; ἐπεὶ π. ἑσπέραν ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.3.22; π. ἡμέραν [prev. author] “An.” 4.5.21; π. ὄρθρον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1089)]; ποτ᾽ ὄρθρον (nisi to be read πότορθρον) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 5.126, Erinna Lyrica in “PSI” 9.1090.48 + 8 (p.xii); πρὸς ἕω 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 312)]; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 18.55, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 223c)]; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 592, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 653a)]; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.67)]; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, [Refs (“IG” 22.1368.41: later, π.τὸ παρόν)] for the moment, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Ep. Sat.” 28, etc.)]; see below 111.5.
C.III of Relation between two objects,
C.III.1 in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17, etc.)]; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 14.2)]; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.128)]; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1441; μέτεστι π. τὰ ἴδια διάφορα πᾶσι τὸ ἴσον.. ἐλευθέρως δὲ τὰ π. τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύομεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.37; οὐδὲν διοίσει π. τὸ γενέσθαι..)]in respect of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Priora” 24a25, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 111b)]; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.44, compare 21,60, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.12)]; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PAmh.” 91.18 (2nd c.AD))]; π. τοῦτον ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις [LXX (LXX.2Mac.4.28)]; ἐὰν.. βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 40.61)]; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. cited in [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 39.2.3, 10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus)]; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.44; λόγος ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ π. Ἀθηναίους 5th c.BC: Philonides Comicus 1 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator; π. Ἰάσονά ἐστιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς τιμῆς “PHamb.” 27.8 (3rd c.BC),compare “PCair.Zen.” 150.18 (3rd c.BC))]; ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (i.e. ὁ λόγος) he shall have to reckon with God, [Refs (“Supp.epigram” 6.188, compare 194, +others (from Eumenia); without αὐτῷ, [prev. work]236 (from Phrygia))]; ἔσται π. τὴν Τριάδαν [Refs (“MAMA” 1.168, compare “Supp.epigram” 6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); ἕξει π. τὸν Θεόν [prev. work]300, +others ([prev. passage]); ἕξει π. τὴν ἐωνίαν κρίσιν [prev. work]4.733 (from Eukhaita), compare 6.841 (from Cyprus))]; π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάς [Refs (10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus)] see at {ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ},[NT+5th c.BC+ (cf. NT.2Cor.5.12: with _adverbs_, ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν π. τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.14, etc.)]; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Categoriae” 1b25, 6a36, +others)]; τὸ π. τι, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Pythagoras Philosophus)] name for two, [Refs (Theol.Ar. 8)]; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opposed to ἁπλῶς, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 72a1)]; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί with accusative, perpendicular to, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 2.3, “Spir.” 20; ἁ Δζ ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ ἀμβλεῖαν ποιεῖ γωνίαν [prev. work] 16.)]
C.III.2 in reference to, in consequence of, πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, compare 4.161)]; π. τὴν φήμην in view of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 3.153, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.39; χαλεπαίνειν π. τι [prev. author] 2.59; ἀθύμως ἔχειν π. τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.5.4)], etc.: with neuter pronoun, π. τ; wherefore? to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 766, 1027, etc.)]; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 1018)]; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (Scholia 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.23; π. ταῦτα)]therefore, this being so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.9, 40, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 915, 992, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 426, etc.; compare οὗτος with v111. 1b.)]
C.III.3 in reference to or for a purpose, ἕστηκεν.. μῆλα π. σφαγάς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1057)]; χρήσιμος, ἱκανὸς π. τι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 474d, “Prt.” 322b; ὡς π. τί χρεία; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1174, compare “OC” 71, “Tr.” 1182; ἕτοιμος π. τι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.5.12; ἱκανῶς ὡς π. τὴν παροῦσαν χρείαν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Caelo” 269b21; ἢν ἀρήγειν φαίνηται π. τὴν σύμπασαν νοῦσον 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 60)]; ποιεῖ π. ἐπιλημπτικούς is efficacious for cases of epilepsy, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 1.6; ἐθέλοντες τὰ π. τὴν νοῦσον ἡδέα μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ π. τὴν ὑγιείην προσδέχεσθαι 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τέχνης” 7.)]
C.III.3.b with a view to or for a future time, ὅπως.. γράμματα δῷ π. ἢν ἂν ἡμέραν ἑκάτεροι παραγίνωνται [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“SIG” 679.62 (Senatus consultum, 2nd c.BC))]; θαυμάζεται τὰ Περικλέους ἔργα π. πολὺν χρόνον ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενόμενα [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pericles” 13.)]
C.III.3.c ={πρός} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11, ἐγίνετο π. ἀναζογήν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.92.8; ὄντων π. τὸ κωλύειν [prev. author] 1.26.3, compare 1.29.3, +others, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Nicias” 5.)]
C.III.4 in proportion or relation to, in comparison with, κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα Κῦρον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.34; ἔργα λόγου μέζω π. πᾶσαν χώρην [prev. author] 2.35; π. πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους [prev. author] 3.94, 8.44; πολλὴν ἂν οἶμαι ἀπιστίαν τῆς δυνάμεως.. π. τὸ κλέος αὐτῶν εἶναι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.10, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 327d, 328c, “Phd.” 102c, etc.)]; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.10; τὸ κάλλιστον τῶν ἔργων π. τὸ αἴσχιστον συμβαλεῖν 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 68; ἓν π. ἓν συμβάλλειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.50; also ἔχεις π. τὰ ἔτη μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχα 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 2.3; ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ π. τὴν ἐξουσίαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.39: also of mathematical ratio, οἷος ὁ πρῶτος (i.e. ὅρος) ποτὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ποτὶ τὸν τρίτον 4th c.BC: Archytas Tarentinus Philosophus 2, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 11, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 36b, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1409a4, +others, 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 5 “Def.” 4, etc.)]; πρὸς παρεὸν.. μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 106: also of price, value, πωλεῖσθαι δὶς π. ἀργύριον)] sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 9.6.4; πωλεῖται ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ π. διπλοῦν ἀργύριον 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 1.19)]; [ἡ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται.. π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 3.93b: _metaphorically_, π. ἀρετήν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69a)]; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 51.3)]; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 22.1013.14, compare “PHib.” 1.32.9 (3rd c.BC), “IG” 5(1).1390.78 (Andania, 1st c.BC))]; τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματα [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“SIG” 364.42 (Ephesus, 3rd c.BC))]; θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IPE” 12.32 A 16 (Olbia, 3rd c.BC))]; τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 38.11.10, compare 1.72.5, 5.27.4, 5, 7, 5.108.1, “PTeb.” 707.9 (2nd c.BC))]; τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκότας [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 25.3.1, compare “SIG” 742.31 (Ephesus, 1st c.BC))]; ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον.. π. χαλκόν [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3073.6 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC),compare “PSI” 5.356.7 (3rd c.BC), “PTeb.” 825 (a). 16 (2nd c.BC), “Sammelb.” 5106.3 (2nd c.BC))]; οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοι [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.42b)]; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 828 (also π. ἅλα δειπνεῖν καὶ κύαμον,)] i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.684f); so ἡδονὰς π. ἡδονὰς.. καταλλάττεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69a)]; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra, π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.126, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 67.2, 3, 69.2; λεγέσθω τᾶς δίκας ὁ μὲν πρᾶτος λόγος ἑκατέροις ποτὶ χόας δεκαοκτώ “SIG” 953.17 (Calymna, 2nd c.BC); λεξάντων πρὸς τὴν τήρησιν τοῦ ὕδατος [prev. work]683.60 (Olympia, 2nd c.BC))]; π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Epinicus Comicus 2; π. κλεψύδρας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1451a8; π. ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἀναγκαζόμενος λέγειν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 41.30)]; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time, ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίαν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 5.9.1, compare 3rd c.AD: Alexander Aphrodisiensis Philosophus “in Aristotelis Topicorum libros octo commentaria - pars” 560.2, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 2.19, “POxy” 67.14 (4th c.AD), 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus “fragment” 116, “Geoponica” 4.15.8)]; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Antyllus Medicus cited in 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus 9.24.26, 7th c.AD: Paulus Aegineta Medicus)]Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν poetical in [Refs (“Mus.Script.” p.452 von Jan; μήτηρ δ᾽ ἦν π. μικρόν “Sammelb.” 7288.4 (from Ptolemaic))]; π. βραχύ [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.47b (but π. βραχὺ παρηβηκυίας)] (by) a little past their best, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“Geoponica” 4.15.3); π. βραχὺν καιρόν 4th c.AD: Iamblichus Philosophus “Protrepticus” 21. κα; π. τὸ ἀκαρές 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “ad Gaurum - Abh. Berl. Akad.” 3.3; π. μίαν ἢ δευτέραν ἡμέραν 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.101, compare 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.56; π. δύο ἡμέρας ἐκοίμησα ἐκεῖ “BGU” 775.8 (2nd c.AD))]; π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέραν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“Sammelb.” 7399 (2nd c.AD),compare 2nd c.AD: Marcus Antoninus Imperator 12.4; προστιμάσθω π. χρόνον μὴ εἰσελθεῖν ὅσον ἂν δόξῃ “IG” 22.1368.89.)]
C.III.5 in or by reference to, according to, in view of, π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.20, compare 113, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.46, 47, “IG” 22.1.20, etc.; π. τὴν παροῦσαν ἀρρωστίαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.47; ἵνα π. τὸν ὑπάρχοντα καιρὸν ἕκαστα θεωρῆτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.17, compare 314, etc.; εἴ τι δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι π. τὸν ἄλλον τρόπον [prev. author] 27.22)]; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.226; ἐλευθέρου τὸ μὴ π. ἄλλον ζῆν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1367a32; π. τοῦτον πάντ᾽ ἐσκόπουν, π. τοῦτον ἐποιοῦντο τὴν εἰρήνην 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.63)]; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1310a14)]; ὁρῶ.. ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.28; π. τὰς τύχας γὰρ τὰς φρένας κεκτήμεθα)]according to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 701)]; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“IG” 5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus))]; τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 5.44)], compare 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ.. πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, [Refs (“IG” 22.1013.7)]; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ ([prev. work] 30,compare “PAmh.” 43.10 (2nd c.BC))]; [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 10.2; ὀρθὸν π. τὸν διαβήτην “IG” 22.1668.9, compare 95,7.3073.108 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC))]; π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus “fragment” 104.6.)]
C.III.6 with the accompaniment of musical instruments, π. κάλαμον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).84)]; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 346, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 6.3, etc.; π. λύραν.. ᾄδειν “SIG” 662.13 (Delos, 2nd c.BC))]; π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 5.34.)]
C.III.7 πρός c.accusative frequently periphrastic for adverb, π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion, νῦν χρὴ.. τινα π. βίαν πώνην [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 20 (assuming variant); π. βίαν ἐπίνομεν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 73; τὸ π. βίαν πίνειν ἴσον πέφυκε τῷ διψῆν κακόν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 735)]; ἥκω.. π. βίαν under compulsion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Critias Philosophus, Tragicus, Elegiacus 16.10 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)]; by force, forcibly, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 210, 355, etc.)]; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, [Refs ([prev. author] “Eu.” 5)] (but also, in spite of any one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 657); π. τὸ βίαιον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 130 (Lyric poetry); π. τὸ καρτερόν [prev. author] “Pr.” 214)]; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Th.” 498, “Pers.” 569 (Lyric poetry); οὐ διαχωρέεει [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ π. ἀνάγκην 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προγνωστικόν” 8, 19; π. ἰσχύος κράτος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 594; π. ἡδονὴν εἶναί τινι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 494)]; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 921, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.38, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 773; οἱ πάντα π. ἡδονὴν ἐπαινοῦντες 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1126b13; ἅπαντα π. ἡδ. ζητεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.15, compare 18.4)]; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 2.133; πίνειν π. ἡδ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 176e)]; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.53)]; π. χάριν so as to gratify, μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.1, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1152; π. χάριν δημηγορεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.3, etc.:)] with genitive _of things_, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of, π. χ. βορᾶς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 30, compare “Ph.” 1156 (Lyric poetry); π. ἰσχύος χ.)]by means of, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 538)]; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 369, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.65, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 53.16 (variant); π. ὀργὴν ἐλθεῖν τινι [prev. author] 39.23, etc.)]; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1119; π. εὐσέβειαν [prev. author] “El.” 464)]; π. καιρόν seasonably, [Refs ([prev. author] “Aj.” 38, etc.; π. φύσιν [prev. author] “Tr.” 308)]; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 226.2)]; π. μέρος in due proportion, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.32; π. ὀλίγον μέρος “Geoponica” 2.15.1)]; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.403)]; π. ὀρθὰς (i.e. γωνίας (.. τῇ AEB at right angles to, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 373a14, compare 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.11, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου” 1.3; π. ὀρθὴν τέμνουσα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 363b2)]; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Tox.” 9, “Hist.Conscr.” 38)]; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 15.687a, compare 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “JTr.” 48, “Alex.” 61: with _superlative_, π. τὰ μέγιστα)] in the highest degree, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.20.)]
C.III.8 of Numbers. up to, about, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.7.5, etc.: compare πρόσπου.)]
D AB[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus)] AS adverb., besides, over and above; in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus always π. δέ or ποτὶ δέ, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.307, 10.108, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.71, etc.; π. δὲ καί [prev. work] 164, 207; π. δὲ ἔτι [prev. author] 3.74; καὶ π. [prev. author] 7.154, 184, probably in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 301, etc.; καὶ π. γε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 110, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328a, 466e; καὶ.. γε π. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73; καὶ δὴ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.67)]; frequently at the end of a second clause, τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 622; ἀλογία.., καὶ ἀμαθία γε π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 90e, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 610; ἐνενήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι π. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.28, compare 22.60.)]
E IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
E.I motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.
E.II addition, besides, as προσκτάομαι, προσδίδωμι, προστίθημι, etc.
E.III a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaphorically connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.
F REMARKS,
F.1 in poetry πρός sometimes stands after its case and before an attribute, ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 653, compare “Th.” 185, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 178 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 94)]; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ) σφέτερον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.419, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 4.5.)]
F.2 in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus it is frequently separated from its Verb by tmesis.)]
F.3 sometimes (in violation of the rule given by [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 127.8, “Pron.” 42.5))] followed by an enclitic pronoun, πρός με [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 292, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1055, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.14 (variant), 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 978, “Pk.” 77, “Comica Adespota” 15.25 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, 22.68 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, etc.)]