Strong G4250πρίν
before
- Transliteration
- prin
- Pronunciation
- prin
- Morphology
- Greek Preposition
Definition
Adverb from G4253; prior sooner: - before (that) ere.
Detailed definition
πρίν
1. as adv. of time, before, formerly (cl.; 3Ma.5:28 3Mac 6:4 3Mac 6:31)
2. As conic. (cl.), before;
__(a) after a positive sentence, with accusative and inf.: Mat.26:34, 75, Mrk.14:72, Luk.22:61, Jhn.4:49 8:58 (where D. om. γενέσθαι and π. becomes prep. with genitive; see Bl., § 69, 7) Jhn.14:29, Act.2:20" (LXX), WH, txt.; πρὶν ἤ (not such good Attic in this construction; see Bl., l.with), Mat.1:18 Mrk.14:30, Act.2:20, WH, mg., Act.7:2;
__(b) after a negative sentence, πρὶν ἤ: a. subjc. (before ἄν, M, Pr., 169), Luk.2:26; with optative, Act.25:16.†
(AS)
1. as adv. of time, before, formerly (cl.; 3Ma.5:28 3Mac 6:4 3Mac 6:31)
2. As conic. (cl.), before;
__(a) after a positive sentence, with accusative and inf.: Mat.26:34, 75, Mrk.14:72, Luk.22:61, Jhn.4:49 8:58 (where D. om. γενέσθαι and π. becomes prep. with genitive; see Bl., § 69, 7) Jhn.14:29, Act.2:20" (LXX), WH, txt.; πρὶν ἤ (not such good Attic in this construction; see Bl., l.with), Mat.1:18 Mrk.14:30, Act.2:20, WH, mg., Act.7:2;
__(b) after a negative sentence, πρὶν ἤ: a. subjc. (before ἄν, M, Pr., 169), Luk.2:26; with optative, Act.25:16.†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4250 appears in 14 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- before13
- ere1
First verses
- Matthew 1:18Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.
- Matthew 26:34Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
- Matthew 26:75And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept bitterly.
- Mark 14:30And Jesus saith unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this day, even in this night, before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice.
- Mark 14:72And the second time the cock crew. And Peter called to mind the word that Jesus said unto him, Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice. And when he thought thereon, he wept.
- Luke 2:26And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.
- Luke 22:34And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.
- Luke 22:61And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.
- John 4:49The nobleman saith unto him, Sir, come down ere my child die.
- John 8:58Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.
- John 14:29And now I have told you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye might believe.
- Acts 2:20The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come:
- Acts 7:2And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,
- Acts 25:16To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
πρίν,
adverb and conjunction, before, until. [πρῐν 19 [Refs 8th c.BC+ (times in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.344, +others)]; πρῑν in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.81, 13.172, +others)]; once written πρείν, [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 7.40)], but πρίν [Refs (“IG” 12.60.11, 94.9, 114.46, etc.)]; Trag. and Comedy texts always πρῐν (πρίν γ᾽ must be read in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 176).])]
A adverb of Time, before, either in the sense of sooner or in that of formerly, erst (implying duration up to a certain time):
I of future time, with future Indic., πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.29, compare 18.283, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.198, etc.)]: with Subj. = future, πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.551)]: with Opt. and κεν, πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.117, compare 11.330, 14.155, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 1076, 1112: with Opt., 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.800: with Imper., 9.250: with Inf. (expressing a wish), 2.413, (expressing an oath) 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.254.)]
II of past time,
II.1 formerly, once, πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο.., νῦν δὲ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.112, variant in 9.19, compare 23.827; πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.724, compare 3.408.)]
II.2 formerly (up to a certain point), before, in this sense frequently with Article, τὸ πρίν γ᾽ ἐκέκαστο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.54; τὸ πρίν γε.., νῦν δὲ.. 13.105; νῦν δὲ.. τὸ πρίν γε 16.208, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 443, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.129: without _Article_, τὰς ἐπιστήμας ἅς ποτε καὶ π. εἴχομεν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 75e: with ellipsis of)]participle γενόμενος, τὰ π. πελώρια (i.e. γενόμενα) the giants of old, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 151 (Lyric poetry))]; τοῦ π. Αἰγέως Aegeus gone before, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 69; ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ [prev. author] “Ph.” 1224; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.62)]: with participle expressed, τὸ π. γενόμενον τέρας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.37; τοὺς πρὶν φυλαττομένους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 547c, etc.)]
II.3 hitherto, π. μέν.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 12.114)]; until that time, and so meanwhile, [Refs ([prev. author] 15.13.)]
II.4 sometimes followed by genitive, π. ὥρας [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.43; π. ἀνηκέστου πάθους 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 1.6.1; π. γενέσεως 2nd c.AD(?): Theodotion LXX “Su.” 42; π. τῆς συνόδου 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 9.371; π. φάους 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 3.18.6)]; π. τοῦ βλέψαι, π. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν, [LXX+2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “Πυρρώνειοι ὑποτυπώσεις” 7.162, variant in LXX.Tob.14.15)]; also πρὶν οὗ with infinitive, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“SIG” 953.16 (Calymna, 2nd c.BC))]; with indicative, Test. cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 46.21.)]
B conjunction before, ere: frequently following an antecedent clause with adverbial π. (chiefly in Epic dialect), or its equivalents πρότερον, πρόσθεν, πάρος (poetry), especially with negative, οὐδὲ π..., π... [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.98, 7.481, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.475; μὴ π..., π... 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.355, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 605; π..., π... 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.348, 8.453, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.586; οὐ πρότερον.., π... 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 620, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.17, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.61; μὴ πρότερον.. π... 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 199 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 62c, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.10; πρότερον.., π... 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.9; οὐ πρόσθεν.., π... 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.9, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.23; μὴ πρόσθεν.., π... [prev. author] “An.” 1.1.10; πρόσθε., π. τυχεῖν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.92; οὐ πάρος.., π... 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.128, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.219)]; preceded by φθάνω,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (16.322, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.29, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.79, 104, 6.97, 8.12, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.21, “Cyr.” 2.4.25; sometimes followed by ἤ, οὐ.. πρίν γ᾽ ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γ᾽ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.288, compare 22.266, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.136, 165, +others)]; uncertain and perhaps always corrupt in Attic dialect and [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.61, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.11, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.19 (variant), 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 128, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.132 (variant), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.23, “An.” 4.5.1)], but frequently in later Greek, [LXX (LXX.Gen.29.26, etc.)]
B.I with infinitive, the prevailing construction in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, after positive and negative clauses alike: in _Attic dialect_ mostly after positive clauses, and always used with them when the action does not or is not to take place: the tense is,)]
B.I regularly aorist,
B.I.a after a positive clause, ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.172, compare 8.453, 16.322, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.210; Ζεὺς ὀλέσειε βίην, πρὶν ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέσθαι 4.668, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.465, 24.245, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.92.3.9, “N.” 8.19, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.119, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 712, “Ag.” 1539 (_anapaest meter_). 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 120 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 396, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 281, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 258, +others, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.67, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.125, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 350b, +others)]; after negative questions which expect a positive answer, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1069, “Ion” 524, “Rh.” 684, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 481, etc.)]
B.I.b after a negative clause, οὐδ᾽ ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει, πρίν γ᾽ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.98, compare 19.423, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.128, 4.747: after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus a negative antecedent is commonly followed by πρίν with finite Verb (see. below 11))]; but Inf. is found where π. precedes, π. ἰδεῖν δ᾽, οὐδεὶς μάντις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1419 (_anapaest meter_); π. μὲν γὰρ κριθῆναι, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.8; π. νικῆσαι.., οὐκ ἦν.. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 19.28; π. δὲ ταῦτα πρᾶξαι, μὴ σκοπεῖτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.12, compare 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 135; also, οὔτε.. π. ἱδρῶσαι δεῖπνον ᾑρεῖτο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.38)]; also after Verbs of fearing (the positive being the thing dreaded), ὅταν.. δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι μάθῃς, π. τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.70, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 453.6, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 632)]; in unfulfilled conditions and wishes, οὔθ᾽ ὁ Πλούτωνος κύων οὔθ᾽ οὑπὶ κώπῃ ψυχοπομπὸς ἂν Χάρων ἔσχον π. εἰς φῶς σὸν καταστῆσαι βίον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 362, compare “Rh.” 61)]; otherwise not common, ὤφθην οὐδεπώποτε π. ταύτην τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 19.55; οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου.., π. κατασκῆψαί τινα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 94, compare “HF” 605; καί μοι μὴ θορυβήσῃ μηδεὶς π. ἀκοῦσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 5.15, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 4.24: after _negative_ _optative_ with ἄν, οὕτω γένοιτ᾽ ἂν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἔκβασις στρατοῦ καλή, π. ὅρμῳ ναῦν θρασυνθῆναι a. “Supp.” 772, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 769e: after a past tense (in indirect speech), ὤμοσαν μὴ π. ἐς Φώκαιαν ἥξειν, π. ἢ τὸν μύδρον τοῦτον ἀναφανῆναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.165, compare 4.9, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.50, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.5.23, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 61a.)]
B.I.2 also present, to convey a special sense of continuance, effort, or the like, 'before undertaking to', 'before proceeding to', π. ἐξοπλίζειν Ἄρη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 702 (Lyric poetry), compare “Ag.” 1067; π. νυν τὰ πλείον᾽ ἱστορεῖν.., ἔξελθε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 36, compare “El.” 20; π. κλαίειν τινά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 577, compare “Or.” 1095; π. λέγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 380, compare “Ach.” 383, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.3, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.1, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.24, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 666a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.4.25, “Mem.” 1.2.40, etc.)]
B.I.3 also perfect, after a future, π. τόδ᾽ ἐξηντληκέναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 79)]; after present or imperfect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 1069, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.25; π..., τί μέλλετ᾽..; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1145; π. καὶ τεθύσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1034, compare “V.” 1156, “Pax” 375, “Lys.” 322 (Lyric poetry), “Ra.” 1185, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.21, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 164c, “Prt.” 320a, etc.)]; with ἥκειν in perfect sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.116; οὐ βουλόμενος διαγωνίσασθαι π. οἱ τοὺς βοηθοὺς ἥκειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.10.)]
B.II with a finite Verb:
B.II.1 with Ind., chiefly aorist: not in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (first in “hymnus ad Apollinem” 357), who uses Ind. only with πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε, πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δή,)] after both positive and negative clauses, ἠλώμην.., πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε.. ἤγαγες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.322; πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δή με.. κάλεσσεν 23.43, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.437; οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν.., πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δὴ θανάτοιο.. νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.180: rarely with)]imperfect, οὐδ᾽ ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν.. ἔπειθον, πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκ᾽ ἐβάλλετο (began to be hit) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.588: frequently after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, with)]aorist,
B.II.1.a after negative clauses: of a fact in the past, οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ᾽ οὐδὲν.., πρίν γ᾽ ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 481; οὐ πρότερον ἀπανέστη.. Μαρδόνιος, πρὶν ἤ σφεας ὑποχειρίους ἐποιήσατο 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.45)]; ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὣς.. ἠξίωσαν νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἐς αὐτο᾽ν.., πρίν γε δὴ αὐτοῖς.. μηνυτὴς γίγνεται (historical present = aorist) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.132, compare 3.101, 5.61, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.79, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 700, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.23, 4.5.13 (historical _present_), “HG” 5.4.58, etc.; once in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus, “Phdr.” 266a)]; as part of an unfulfilled condition, οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε δῆμον οὐδ᾽ ἐπαύσατο π. ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus cited in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 12.5; οὐκ ἂν ἐσκεψάμεθα πρότερον.., πρὶν ἐζητήσαμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 86d, compare “Tht.” 165e; χρῆν τοίνυν Αεπτίνην μὴ πρότερον τιθέναι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νόμον, πρὶν τοῦτον ἔλυσε γραψάμενος 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.96)]; after verbs implying a negative, ἀμφιγνοεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.5.33, θαυμάζειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.51, λανθάνειν [prev. author] 3.29)]; also with imperfect, οὔπω ᾔδει.. π. ἐν τῷ κακῷ ἦν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.19, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.17, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.61.)]
B.II.1.b after positive clauses (both combined, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 481, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.118))], with the sense until, ἠγόμην δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἀστῶν μέγιστος.., πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ᾽ ἐπέστη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 776)]; σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν.. πείθει (historical present) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 131 (_anapaest meter_); πρίν γ᾽ ὁρᾷ [prev. author] “Med.” 1173; frequently followed by δή, π. δή τις ἐφθέγξατο [prev. author] “Andr.” 1147)]; τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας κατελύθη (negative idea) ὑπὸ ξυμφορῶν, πρὶν δὴ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐποίησαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.104, compare 7.39 (historical _present_), 71.)]
B.II.2 with Subj. only after negatives or equivalent of negative, ={ἕως} or ἢν μή (in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.173 ἢν μή and πρὶν ἄν are used almost as synonyms))]; οὐ καταδυσόμεθ᾽, ἀχνύμενοί περ.., πρὶν μόρσιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.175; μή πω καταδύσεο.., πρίν γ᾽ ἐμὲ.. ἴδηαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.135, compare 190, 24.781; ἀλλ᾽ ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι, πρίν γ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.374, compare 4.477: in Prose usually πρὶν ἄν (πρίν κα “Berl.Sitzb.” 1927.161 (from Cyrene)), rarely π. alone, as also πρὶν ἤ:)]
B.II.2.a generally with aorist, to express an action preceding the action of the antecedent clause, the Verb in which is future (or some equivalent of the future) or imperative, οὐ γαμέεται παρθένος οὐδεμία, πρὶν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ἄνδρα ἀποκτείνῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.117, compare 1.82 (variant), 3.109 (variant))]; νῦν δ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων (the sense here is future), πρὶν ἂν Ζεὺς ἐκπέσῃ τυραννίδος [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 756, compare 166 (Lyric poetry), 177 (_anapaest meter_))]; οὐ γάρ ποτ᾽ ἔξει τῆσδε τῆς χώρας, πρὶν ἂν.. στήσῃς ἄγων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 909, compare 48, 1041, “OT” 1529, etc.; οὐκ ἂν ἐκμάθοις.., πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις [prev. author] “Tr.” 2; οὐκ ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους πάλιν, πρὶν ἄν σε.. ἔξω βάλω 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 276, compare 680, Alcaeus1145, “IA” 324, “IT” 19, 1302; μὴ προκαταγίγνωσκε.., π. ἄν γ᾽ ἀκούσῃς ἀμφοτέρων 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 920, compare “Ach.” 176, 230, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 6.13, “Cyr.” 1.2.8, “An.” 1. 1.10, 5.7.12, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 228c, “La.” 187e (ἂν added in later codices), etc.)]; μηδέν᾽ ὀλβίζειν π. ἀ᾽ν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1529 (troch.); οὐχὶ μὴ παύσησθε, π. ἄν.. ὑμᾶς τις ἐκτραχηλίσῃ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 704: π. without ἄν, μὴ στέναζε, π. μάθῃς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 917, compare “Ant.” 619 (Lyric poetry), “Aj.” 742, 965, “Tr.” 608, 946; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐξαιρήσεται.., π. γυναῖκ᾽ ἐμοὶ μεθῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 849, compare “Or.” 1218, 1357 (Lyric poetry); π. χαρίσωνται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 629 (assuming variant); οὐ γὰρ δή σφεας ἀπίει τῆς ἀποικίης, πρὶν δὴ ἀπίκωνται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.157; π. διαγνῶσι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.29; π... βεβαιωσώμεθα [prev. work] 10 (uncertain reading))]; πρὶν ἀνάγκην τινὰ θεὸς ἐπιπέμψῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 62c codices; π. ἐξετάσωσιν 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 4: πρὶν ἤ (never with ἄν), π. ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.19, compare 136, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 57b, etc.: with _negative_ implied, ὁ δὲ ἀδικέει ἀναπειθόμενος π. ἢ ἀτρεκέως ἐκμάθῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.10. ; αἰσχρὸν ἡγοῦμαι πρότερον παύσασθαι, π. ἂν.. ψηφίσησθε 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.4; ὅστις οὖν οἴεται τοὺς ἄλλους πράξειν τι.., π. ἂν.. διαλλάξῃ, λίαν ἁπλῶς ἔχει 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.16 (where ὅστις οὖν οἴεται ={οὐ δεῖ οὔεσθαι}, as is shown by ἀλλὰ δεῖ)] in the next sentence,[Refs 4th c.BC+ (compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 38.24).)]
B.II.2.b less frequently (never in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus) with)]present subjunctive: μήπω π. ἂν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀΐῃς (the Verb has no aorist) μύθων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1409 (_anapaest meter_); ὁ νομοθέτης τὰ διδασκαλεῖα ἀνοίγειν ἀπαγορεύει μὴ πρότερον π. ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.10, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.29, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.8, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 271c.)]
B.II.3 πρίν with Opt.:
B.II.3.a representing subjunctive after historical tenses, οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν π. πειρήσαιτ᾽ Ἀχιλῆος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.580)]; πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε, as with subjunctive,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (9.488; ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ σῖγα π. φράσαιμί σοι τὸν πλοῦν ποεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 551, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.22, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.14, “HG” 6.5.19 (compare 2.4.18), “An.” 1.2.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36c, etc.)]
B.II.3.b by assimilation, ὄλοιο μήπω π. μάθοιμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 961, compare “Tr.” 657 (Lyric poetry))]; οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδείης (potential optative).. π. πειρηθείης [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 126; after _optative_ with ἄν, οὐκ ἂν πρότερον ὁρμήσειε π. βεβαιώσαιτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 799d, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 505 (Lyric poetry).)]
B.II.4 π. ἄν with optative is doubtful, and (if not corrupt) due to the change required by indirect speech, ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν φίλων τῶν ἐμῶν μὴ ἀποκτείνειν τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὶν ἄν ἐγὼ ἔλθοιμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.34 (assuming variant), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.48, 2.4.18.)]
B.II.5 without a Verb, πρὶν ὥρη (i.e. γένηται) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.394.)]
adverb and conjunction, before, until. [πρῐν 19 [Refs 8th c.BC+ (times in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.344, +others)]; πρῑν in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.81, 13.172, +others)]; once written πρείν, [Refs (“Leg.Gort.” 7.40)], but πρίν [Refs (“IG” 12.60.11, 94.9, 114.46, etc.)]; Trag. and Comedy texts always πρῐν (πρίν γ᾽ must be read in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 176).])]
A adverb of Time, before, either in the sense of sooner or in that of formerly, erst (implying duration up to a certain time):
I of future time, with future Indic., πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.29, compare 18.283, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.198, etc.)]: with Subj. = future, πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.551)]: with Opt. and κεν, πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.117, compare 11.330, 14.155, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 1076, 1112: with Opt., 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.800: with Imper., 9.250: with Inf. (expressing a wish), 2.413, (expressing an oath) 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.254.)]
II of past time,
II.1 formerly, once, πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο.., νῦν δὲ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.112, variant in 9.19, compare 23.827; πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.724, compare 3.408.)]
II.2 formerly (up to a certain point), before, in this sense frequently with Article, τὸ πρίν γ᾽ ἐκέκαστο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.54; τὸ πρίν γε.., νῦν δὲ.. 13.105; νῦν δὲ.. τὸ πρίν γε 16.208, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 443, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.129: without _Article_, τὰς ἐπιστήμας ἅς ποτε καὶ π. εἴχομεν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 75e: with ellipsis of)]participle γενόμενος, τὰ π. πελώρια (i.e. γενόμενα) the giants of old, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 151 (Lyric poetry))]; τοῦ π. Αἰγέως Aegeus gone before, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 69; ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ [prev. author] “Ph.” 1224; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.62)]: with participle expressed, τὸ π. γενόμενον τέρας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.37; τοὺς πρὶν φυλαττομένους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 547c, etc.)]
II.3 hitherto, π. μέν.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 12.114)]; until that time, and so meanwhile, [Refs ([prev. author] 15.13.)]
II.4 sometimes followed by genitive, π. ὥρας [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.43; π. ἀνηκέστου πάθους 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Bellum Judaicum” 1.6.1; π. γενέσεως 2nd c.AD(?): Theodotion LXX “Su.” 42; π. τῆς συνόδου 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 9.371; π. φάους 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 3.18.6)]; π. τοῦ βλέψαι, π. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν, [LXX+2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “Πυρρώνειοι ὑποτυπώσεις” 7.162, variant in LXX.Tob.14.15)]; also πρὶν οὗ with infinitive, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“SIG” 953.16 (Calymna, 2nd c.BC))]; with indicative, Test. cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 46.21.)]
B conjunction before, ere: frequently following an antecedent clause with adverbial π. (chiefly in Epic dialect), or its equivalents πρότερον, πρόσθεν, πάρος (poetry), especially with negative, οὐδὲ π..., π... [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.98, 7.481, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.475; μὴ π..., π... 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.355, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 605; π..., π... 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.348, 8.453, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.586; οὐ πρότερον.., π... 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 620, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.17, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.61; μὴ πρότερον.. π... 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 199 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 62c, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.10; πρότερον.., π... 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.9; οὐ πρόσθεν.., π... 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.9, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.23; μὴ πρόσθεν.., π... [prev. author] “An.” 1.1.10; πρόσθε., π. τυχεῖν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.92; οὐ πάρος.., π... 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.128, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.219)]; preceded by φθάνω,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (16.322, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.29, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.79, 104, 6.97, 8.12, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.21, “Cyr.” 2.4.25; sometimes followed by ἤ, οὐ.. πρίν γ᾽ ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γ᾽ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.288, compare 22.266, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.136, 165, +others)]; uncertain and perhaps always corrupt in Attic dialect and [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.61, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 6.11, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.19 (variant), 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 128, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.132 (variant), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.23, “An.” 4.5.1)], but frequently in later Greek, [LXX (LXX.Gen.29.26, etc.)]
B.I with infinitive, the prevailing construction in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, after positive and negative clauses alike: in _Attic dialect_ mostly after positive clauses, and always used with them when the action does not or is not to take place: the tense is,)]
B.I regularly aorist,
B.I.a after a positive clause, ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.172, compare 8.453, 16.322, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.210; Ζεὺς ὀλέσειε βίην, πρὶν ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέσθαι 4.668, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.465, 24.245, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.92.3.9, “N.” 8.19, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.119, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 712, “Ag.” 1539 (_anapaest meter_). 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 120 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 396, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 281, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 258, +others, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.67, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.125, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 350b, +others)]; after negative questions which expect a positive answer, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1069, “Ion” 524, “Rh.” 684, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 481, etc.)]
B.I.b after a negative clause, οὐδ᾽ ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει, πρίν γ᾽ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.98, compare 19.423, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.128, 4.747: after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus a negative antecedent is commonly followed by πρίν with finite Verb (see. below 11))]; but Inf. is found where π. precedes, π. ἰδεῖν δ᾽, οὐδεὶς μάντις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1419 (_anapaest meter_); π. μὲν γὰρ κριθῆναι, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.8; π. νικῆσαι.., οὐκ ἦν.. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 19.28; π. δὲ ταῦτα πρᾶξαι, μὴ σκοπεῖτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.12, compare 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 135; also, οὔτε.. π. ἱδρῶσαι δεῖπνον ᾑρεῖτο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.38)]; also after Verbs of fearing (the positive being the thing dreaded), ὅταν.. δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι μάθῃς, π. τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.70, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 453.6, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 632)]; in unfulfilled conditions and wishes, οὔθ᾽ ὁ Πλούτωνος κύων οὔθ᾽ οὑπὶ κώπῃ ψυχοπομπὸς ἂν Χάρων ἔσχον π. εἰς φῶς σὸν καταστῆσαι βίον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 362, compare “Rh.” 61)]; otherwise not common, ὤφθην οὐδεπώποτε π. ταύτην τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 19.55; οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου.., π. κατασκῆψαί τινα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 94, compare “HF” 605; καί μοι μὴ θορυβήσῃ μηδεὶς π. ἀκοῦσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 5.15, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 4.24: after _negative_ _optative_ with ἄν, οὕτω γένοιτ᾽ ἂν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἔκβασις στρατοῦ καλή, π. ὅρμῳ ναῦν θρασυνθῆναι a. “Supp.” 772, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 769e: after a past tense (in indirect speech), ὤμοσαν μὴ π. ἐς Φώκαιαν ἥξειν, π. ἢ τὸν μύδρον τοῦτον ἀναφανῆναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.165, compare 4.9, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.50, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.5.23, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 61a.)]
B.I.2 also present, to convey a special sense of continuance, effort, or the like, 'before undertaking to', 'before proceeding to', π. ἐξοπλίζειν Ἄρη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 702 (Lyric poetry), compare “Ag.” 1067; π. νυν τὰ πλείον᾽ ἱστορεῖν.., ἔξελθε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 36, compare “El.” 20; π. κλαίειν τινά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 577, compare “Or.” 1095; π. λέγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 380, compare “Ach.” 383, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.3, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.1, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.24, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 666a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.4.25, “Mem.” 1.2.40, etc.)]
B.I.3 also perfect, after a future, π. τόδ᾽ ἐξηντληκέναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 79)]; after present or imperfect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 1069, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.25; π..., τί μέλλετ᾽..; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1145; π. καὶ τεθύσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1034, compare “V.” 1156, “Pax” 375, “Lys.” 322 (Lyric poetry), “Ra.” 1185, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.21, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 164c, “Prt.” 320a, etc.)]; with ἥκειν in perfect sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.116; οὐ βουλόμενος διαγωνίσασθαι π. οἱ τοὺς βοηθοὺς ἥκειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.10.)]
B.II with a finite Verb:
B.II.1 with Ind., chiefly aorist: not in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (first in “hymnus ad Apollinem” 357), who uses Ind. only with πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε, πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δή,)] after both positive and negative clauses, ἠλώμην.., πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε.. ἤγαγες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.322; πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δή με.. κάλεσσεν 23.43, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.437; οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν.., πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δὴ θανάτοιο.. νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.180: rarely with)]imperfect, οὐδ᾽ ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν.. ἔπειθον, πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκ᾽ ἐβάλλετο (began to be hit) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.588: frequently after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, with)]aorist,
B.II.1.a after negative clauses: of a fact in the past, οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ᾽ οὐδὲν.., πρίν γ᾽ ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 481; οὐ πρότερον ἀπανέστη.. Μαρδόνιος, πρὶν ἤ σφεας ὑποχειρίους ἐποιήσατο 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.45)]; ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὣς.. ἠξίωσαν νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἐς αὐτο᾽ν.., πρίν γε δὴ αὐτοῖς.. μηνυτὴς γίγνεται (historical present = aorist) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.132, compare 3.101, 5.61, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.79, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 700, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.23, 4.5.13 (historical _present_), “HG” 5.4.58, etc.; once in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus, “Phdr.” 266a)]; as part of an unfulfilled condition, οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε δῆμον οὐδ᾽ ἐπαύσατο π. ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus cited in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 12.5; οὐκ ἂν ἐσκεψάμεθα πρότερον.., πρὶν ἐζητήσαμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 86d, compare “Tht.” 165e; χρῆν τοίνυν Αεπτίνην μὴ πρότερον τιθέναι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νόμον, πρὶν τοῦτον ἔλυσε γραψάμενος 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.96)]; after verbs implying a negative, ἀμφιγνοεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.5.33, θαυμάζειν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.51, λανθάνειν [prev. author] 3.29)]; also with imperfect, οὔπω ᾔδει.. π. ἐν τῷ κακῷ ἦν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.19, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.17, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.61.)]
B.II.1.b after positive clauses (both combined, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 481, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.118))], with the sense until, ἠγόμην δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἀστῶν μέγιστος.., πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ᾽ ἐπέστη [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 776)]; σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν.. πείθει (historical present) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 131 (_anapaest meter_); πρίν γ᾽ ὁρᾷ [prev. author] “Med.” 1173; frequently followed by δή, π. δή τις ἐφθέγξατο [prev. author] “Andr.” 1147)]; τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας κατελύθη (negative idea) ὑπὸ ξυμφορῶν, πρὶν δὴ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐποίησαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.104, compare 7.39 (historical _present_), 71.)]
B.II.2 with Subj. only after negatives or equivalent of negative, ={ἕως} or ἢν μή (in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.173 ἢν μή and πρὶν ἄν are used almost as synonyms))]; οὐ καταδυσόμεθ᾽, ἀχνύμενοί περ.., πρὶν μόρσιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.175; μή πω καταδύσεο.., πρίν γ᾽ ἐμὲ.. ἴδηαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.135, compare 190, 24.781; ἀλλ᾽ ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι, πρίν γ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.374, compare 4.477: in Prose usually πρὶν ἄν (πρίν κα “Berl.Sitzb.” 1927.161 (from Cyrene)), rarely π. alone, as also πρὶν ἤ:)]
B.II.2.a generally with aorist, to express an action preceding the action of the antecedent clause, the Verb in which is future (or some equivalent of the future) or imperative, οὐ γαμέεται παρθένος οὐδεμία, πρὶν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ἄνδρα ἀποκτείνῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.117, compare 1.82 (variant), 3.109 (variant))]; νῦν δ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων (the sense here is future), πρὶν ἂν Ζεὺς ἐκπέσῃ τυραννίδος [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 756, compare 166 (Lyric poetry), 177 (_anapaest meter_))]; οὐ γάρ ποτ᾽ ἔξει τῆσδε τῆς χώρας, πρὶν ἂν.. στήσῃς ἄγων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 909, compare 48, 1041, “OT” 1529, etc.; οὐκ ἂν ἐκμάθοις.., πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις [prev. author] “Tr.” 2; οὐκ ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους πάλιν, πρὶν ἄν σε.. ἔξω βάλω 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 276, compare 680, Alcaeus1145, “IA” 324, “IT” 19, 1302; μὴ προκαταγίγνωσκε.., π. ἄν γ᾽ ἀκούσῃς ἀμφοτέρων 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 920, compare “Ach.” 176, 230, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 6.13, “Cyr.” 1.2.8, “An.” 1. 1.10, 5.7.12, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 228c, “La.” 187e (ἂν added in later codices), etc.)]; μηδέν᾽ ὀλβίζειν π. ἀ᾽ν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1529 (troch.); οὐχὶ μὴ παύσησθε, π. ἄν.. ὑμᾶς τις ἐκτραχηλίσῃ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 704: π. without ἄν, μὴ στέναζε, π. μάθῃς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 917, compare “Ant.” 619 (Lyric poetry), “Aj.” 742, 965, “Tr.” 608, 946; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐξαιρήσεται.., π. γυναῖκ᾽ ἐμοὶ μεθῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 849, compare “Or.” 1218, 1357 (Lyric poetry); π. χαρίσωνται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 629 (assuming variant); οὐ γὰρ δή σφεας ἀπίει τῆς ἀποικίης, πρὶν δὴ ἀπίκωνται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.157; π. διαγνῶσι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.29; π... βεβαιωσώμεθα [prev. work] 10 (uncertain reading))]; πρὶν ἀνάγκην τινὰ θεὸς ἐπιπέμψῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 62c codices; π. ἐξετάσωσιν 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 4: πρὶν ἤ (never with ἄν), π. ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.19, compare 136, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 57b, etc.: with _negative_ implied, ὁ δὲ ἀδικέει ἀναπειθόμενος π. ἢ ἀτρεκέως ἐκμάθῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.10. ; αἰσχρὸν ἡγοῦμαι πρότερον παύσασθαι, π. ἂν.. ψηφίσησθε 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.4; ὅστις οὖν οἴεται τοὺς ἄλλους πράξειν τι.., π. ἂν.. διαλλάξῃ, λίαν ἁπλῶς ἔχει 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.16 (where ὅστις οὖν οἴεται ={οὐ δεῖ οὔεσθαι}, as is shown by ἀλλὰ δεῖ)] in the next sentence,[Refs 4th c.BC+ (compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 38.24).)]
B.II.2.b less frequently (never in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus) with)]present subjunctive: μήπω π. ἂν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀΐῃς (the Verb has no aorist) μύθων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1409 (_anapaest meter_); ὁ νομοθέτης τὰ διδασκαλεῖα ἀνοίγειν ἀπαγορεύει μὴ πρότερον π. ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.10, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.29, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.8, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 271c.)]
B.II.3 πρίν with Opt.:
B.II.3.a representing subjunctive after historical tenses, οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν π. πειρήσαιτ᾽ Ἀχιλῆος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.580)]; πρίν γ᾽ ὅτε, as with subjunctive,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (9.488; ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ σῖγα π. φράσαιμί σοι τὸν πλοῦν ποεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 551, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.22, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.14, “HG” 6.5.19 (compare 2.4.18), “An.” 1.2.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36c, etc.)]
B.II.3.b by assimilation, ὄλοιο μήπω π. μάθοιμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 961, compare “Tr.” 657 (Lyric poetry))]; οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδείης (potential optative).. π. πειρηθείης [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 126; after _optative_ with ἄν, οὐκ ἂν πρότερον ὁρμήσειε π. βεβαιώσαιτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 799d, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 505 (Lyric poetry).)]
B.II.4 π. ἄν with optative is doubtful, and (if not corrupt) due to the change required by indirect speech, ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν φίλων τῶν ἐμῶν μὴ ἀποκτείνειν τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὶν ἄν ἐγὼ ἔλθοιμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.34 (assuming variant), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.48, 2.4.18.)]
B.II.5 without a Verb, πρὶν ὥρη (i.e. γένηται) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.394.)]