Strong G3785ὄφελον
I wish!
- Transliteration
- ophelon
- Pronunciation
- of'-el-on
- Morphology
- Greek Intjection
Definition
First person singular of a past tense of G3784; I ought (wish) that is (interjectionally) oh that! : - would (to God).
Detailed definition
ὄφελον 2 aorist of ὀφείλω, without the augment (see M, Pr., 201n), used to express a fruitless wish;
[in LXX (with aor. indic.): Exo.16:3 (נָתַן מִי), Num.14:2 Num.20:3 (לוּא), Psa.119:5 (אַחֲלַי), etc.;]
in cl. with an infin. (chiefly poët.),
would that: with indic. aor., 1Co.4:8; impf., 2Co.11:1, Rev.3:15; fut., Gal.5:12 (a practicable wish, see 131., 206 f., 220. The construction with indic. is only found in late writers.)†
(AS)
[in LXX (with aor. indic.): Exo.16:3 (נָתַן מִי), Num.14:2 Num.20:3 (לוּא), Psa.119:5 (אַחֲלַי), etc.;]
in cl. with an infin. (chiefly poët.),
would that: with indic. aor., 1Co.4:8; impf., 2Co.11:1, Rev.3:15; fut., Gal.5:12 (a practicable wish, see 131., 206 f., 220. The construction with indic. is only found in late writers.)†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G3785 appears in 4 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- god2
- will2
First verses
- 1 Corinthians 4:8Now ye are full, now ye are rich, ye have reigned as kings without us: and I would to God ye did reign, that we also might reign with you.
- 2 Corinthians 11:1Would to God ye could bear with me a little in my folly: and indeed bear with me.
- Galatians 5:12I would they were even cut off which trouble you.
- Revelation 3:15I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
Included with: ὀφείλ-ω,
imperfect ὤφειλον; Epic dialect ὀφέλλω (also Aeolic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, [prev. work] 5(2).343.27 (Orchom. 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, 4th c.BC)),)]imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον, see infr. II. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2, 3 (the _Attic dialect_ or _Ionic dialect_ ὀφείλετ᾽, ὄφειλον in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 688, 698, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 is probably due to the Copyists))]: future ὀφειλήσω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 30.7, also ὀφειλέσω “TAM” 2.431, +others)]: aorist 1 ὠφείλησα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 115, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.5)] (ἐπ-): perfect ὠφείληκα: pluperfect -ήκειν[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45. 33:)]aorist 2 ὤφελον (see. below [Refs (11.2, 3))]:—passive, aorist participle ὀφειληθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.63)]. (Cretan dialect ὀφήλω [Refs (“GDI” 5015.21)], written ὀπέλο [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“Leg.Gort.” 10.20, +others, 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] ὀφέλλω (see. above) and ὀφήλω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“SIG” 306.40 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]: in early Attic dialect Inscrr. written both ὀφελ -IG 12.91.8[Refs (, +others, and ὀφειλ- [prev. work]109.9, +others))]:—owe, have to pay or account for, τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.332)]; ὅτι μοι.. ζωάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλεις[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 462; χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλεν 21.17; πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.688; ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, etc.: _metaphorically_, μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 126)]; τί ὀφείλω; what do I owe? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 21)]; ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Av.” 115, “Nu.” 117; ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331b; ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι [prev. work] 332a: with _dative_ only, ὀ. τινί)] to be debtor to another, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1135, “Lys.” 581, etc.; τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ᾽ ὀ. μηδενί 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 163)]: absolutely, to be in debt, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 485, etc.)]; οἱ ὀφείλοντες debtors, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1167b21, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.832a)]:—passive, to be due, ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται (variant{ὀφείλεται}) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.367; χρεῖος ὀφείλετο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 698; ἢν.. ὀφείληταί τί μοι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 484; μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.)]; τὸ ὀφειλόμενον a debt,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.7.34; -όμενα ἀποδιδόντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.99, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331e.)]
2 metaphorically, ὀ. μέλος τινί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).3; πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 287)]; ὀ. χάριν, see at {χάρις} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.2; Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28; τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 10.5)]:—passive, ὀφείλεταί τινι ἐκ θεῶν κλέος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 315; ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.137; ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.32; τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335e, compare 332b)]; τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη what is due, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 310.)]
3 as a legal term, to be bound to render, εὐθύνας ὤφειλον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.73 codices (_falsa lectio_ for{ὦφλον}): hence, like{ὀφλισκάνω})], incur a penalty, ζημίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 9.10; διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην [prev. author] 1.32, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 360; τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 909a, compare 774b, 774d, 844e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.77; ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ “IG” 3.74.15 (2nd-3rd c.AD).)]
4 in passive, of persons, to be due or liable to, θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα [LXX+4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 122, cf. LXX.Wis.12.20, “IG” 3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα)]our help is due, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (Anthologia Graeca 9.283 (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Crinagoras Epigrammaticus).)]
II with infinitive, to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.200, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.41, 42, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 682, 712, etc.)]; and of things, ought to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1104a2)]:—passive, δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 456)]; σοὶ τοῦτ᾽ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1421, compare “El.” 1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 419, compare 782, “Or.” 1245, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 25.11; see above 1.4.)]
II.2 in this signification Epic dialect imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and aorist ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472.)]
II.3 these tenses are also used, followed by present or aorist infinitive, in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be.., would that I were.. ! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.350)]; τὴν ὄφελ᾽ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.59, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.353: frequently preceded by εἴθε (_Epic dialect_ αἴθε), ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ᾽ ὄφελες ἄγονός τ᾽ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ᾽ ἀπολέσθαι)] O that thou hadst!, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.40, compare 1.415, etc.; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλ᾽ ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.401; αἴθ᾽ ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.254: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι)] O that I had.. !,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (11.380; θανέειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.764, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.428; ὡς.. ὤφελες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.184)]; ὡς ὄφελεν.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, etc.: strengthened, ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ᾽ ὄφελον.. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.217: also with _negative_, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι)].. would thou hadst never.. !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.—So in Trag. and _Attic dialect_, ὤφελον.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1157)]; ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 865)]; ὤφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.4, etc.: also, as in _Epic dialect_, εἴθ᾽ ὤφελες.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1021)]; εἴθ᾽ ὤφελ᾽.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 41, etc.)]; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ec.” 380, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432c, “Cri.” 44d)]; ὡς ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 955: with _negative_, μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 880 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.288)]; ὡς μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.78: without augment in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (variant{ὤ-}) 1.111, compare 3.65: sometimes in Trag. (Lyric poetry and _anapaest meter_), εἴθ᾽ ὄφελε.. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 915)]; ὄφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1192)]; μήποτ᾽ ὄφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1413. (In this signification ὤφειλον)] is used in late Epic dialect, ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 5.194, but ὤφελλον should be read in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 and ὤφελε in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1291.))]
II.3.b with indicative, ὤφελε μηδ᾽ ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 19.1, compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 10.378, etc.)]
II.3.c ὄφελον (adverb accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 142.9, “Etymologicum Magnum” 643.48))] in this signification: with accusative et infinitive, ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι [NT+1st c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 1159: even with 2 _person_ of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε NT.1Cor.4.8, cf. NT.2Cor.11.1, NT.Gal.5.12, NT.Rev.3.15, LXX.Job.14.13, 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Sol.” 1 (as a solecism): with 3 _person_, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.15, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 38.47: with 1 _person_ _plural_, ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX.Exo.16.3)]; ὤφελον (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PGiss.” 17.10 (2nd c.AD): with)]infinitive, ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι.. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“OGI” 315.16 (Pessinus, 2nd c.BC).)]
III impersonal ὀφείλει, it behoves, with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 2.6)]; ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.678: so _person_ in)]participle, absolutely, αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PTeb.” 294.24 (2nd c.AD))]; κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.79)]. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, aorist and perfect of ὀφλισκάνω, were probably originally aorist and perfect of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. [Refs (3c)] may be originally neuter participle of ὤφελε (signification [Refs (111) with omission of ἐστί.))]
imperfect ὤφειλον; Epic dialect ὀφέλλω (also Aeolic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, [prev. work] 5(2).343.27 (Orchom. 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, 4th c.BC)),)]imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον, see infr. II. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2, 3 (the _Attic dialect_ or _Ionic dialect_ ὀφείλετ᾽, ὄφειλον in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 688, 698, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 is probably due to the Copyists))]: future ὀφειλήσω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 30.7, also ὀφειλέσω “TAM” 2.431, +others)]: aorist 1 ὠφείλησα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 115, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.5)] (ἐπ-): perfect ὠφείληκα: pluperfect -ήκειν[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45. 33:)]aorist 2 ὤφελον (see. below [Refs (11.2, 3))]:—passive, aorist participle ὀφειληθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.63)]. (Cretan dialect ὀφήλω [Refs (“GDI” 5015.21)], written ὀπέλο [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“Leg.Gort.” 10.20, +others, 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] ὀφέλλω (see. above) and ὀφήλω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“SIG” 306.40 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]: in early Attic dialect Inscrr. written both ὀφελ -IG 12.91.8[Refs (, +others, and ὀφειλ- [prev. work]109.9, +others))]:—owe, have to pay or account for, τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.332)]; ὅτι μοι.. ζωάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλεις[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 462; χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλεν 21.17; πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.688; ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, etc.: _metaphorically_, μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 126)]; τί ὀφείλω; what do I owe? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 21)]; ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Av.” 115, “Nu.” 117; ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331b; ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι [prev. work] 332a: with _dative_ only, ὀ. τινί)] to be debtor to another, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1135, “Lys.” 581, etc.; τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ᾽ ὀ. μηδενί 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 163)]: absolutely, to be in debt, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 485, etc.)]; οἱ ὀφείλοντες debtors, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1167b21, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.832a)]:—passive, to be due, ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται (variant{ὀφείλεται}) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.367; χρεῖος ὀφείλετο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 698; ἢν.. ὀφείληταί τί μοι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 484; μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.)]; τὸ ὀφειλόμενον a debt,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.7.34; -όμενα ἀποδιδόντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.99, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331e.)]
2 metaphorically, ὀ. μέλος τινί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).3; πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 287)]; ὀ. χάριν, see at {χάρις} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.2; Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28; τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 10.5)]:—passive, ὀφείλεταί τινι ἐκ θεῶν κλέος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 315; ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.137; ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.32; τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335e, compare 332b)]; τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη what is due, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 310.)]
3 as a legal term, to be bound to render, εὐθύνας ὤφειλον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.73 codices (_falsa lectio_ for{ὦφλον}): hence, like{ὀφλισκάνω})], incur a penalty, ζημίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 9.10; διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην [prev. author] 1.32, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 360; τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 909a, compare 774b, 774d, 844e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.77; ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ “IG” 3.74.15 (2nd-3rd c.AD).)]
4 in passive, of persons, to be due or liable to, θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα [LXX+4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 122, cf. LXX.Wis.12.20, “IG” 3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα)]our help is due, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (Anthologia Graeca 9.283 (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Crinagoras Epigrammaticus).)]
II with infinitive, to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.200, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.41, 42, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 682, 712, etc.)]; and of things, ought to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1104a2)]:—passive, δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 456)]; σοὶ τοῦτ᾽ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1421, compare “El.” 1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 419, compare 782, “Or.” 1245, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 25.11; see above 1.4.)]
II.2 in this signification Epic dialect imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and aorist ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472.)]
II.3 these tenses are also used, followed by present or aorist infinitive, in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be.., would that I were.. ! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.350)]; τὴν ὄφελ᾽ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.59, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.353: frequently preceded by εἴθε (_Epic dialect_ αἴθε), ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ᾽ ὄφελες ἄγονός τ᾽ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ᾽ ἀπολέσθαι)] O that thou hadst!, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.40, compare 1.415, etc.; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλ᾽ ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.401; αἴθ᾽ ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.254: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι)] O that I had.. !,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (11.380; θανέειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.764, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.428; ὡς.. ὤφελες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.184)]; ὡς ὄφελεν.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, etc.: strengthened, ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ᾽ ὄφελον.. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.217: also with _negative_, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι)].. would thou hadst never.. !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.—So in Trag. and _Attic dialect_, ὤφελον.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1157)]; ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 865)]; ὤφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.4, etc.: also, as in _Epic dialect_, εἴθ᾽ ὤφελες.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1021)]; εἴθ᾽ ὤφελ᾽.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 41, etc.)]; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ec.” 380, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432c, “Cri.” 44d)]; ὡς ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 955: with _negative_, μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 880 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.288)]; ὡς μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.78: without augment in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (variant{ὤ-}) 1.111, compare 3.65: sometimes in Trag. (Lyric poetry and _anapaest meter_), εἴθ᾽ ὄφελε.. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 915)]; ὄφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1192)]; μήποτ᾽ ὄφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1413. (In this signification ὤφειλον)] is used in late Epic dialect, ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 5.194, but ὤφελλον should be read in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 and ὤφελε in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1291.))]
II.3.b with indicative, ὤφελε μηδ᾽ ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 19.1, compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 10.378, etc.)]
II.3.c ὄφελον (adverb accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 142.9, “Etymologicum Magnum” 643.48))] in this signification: with accusative et infinitive, ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι [NT+1st c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 1159: even with 2 _person_ of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε NT.1Cor.4.8, cf. NT.2Cor.11.1, NT.Gal.5.12, NT.Rev.3.15, LXX.Job.14.13, 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Sol.” 1 (as a solecism): with 3 _person_, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.15, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 38.47: with 1 _person_ _plural_, ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX.Exo.16.3)]; ὤφελον (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PGiss.” 17.10 (2nd c.AD): with)]infinitive, ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι.. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“OGI” 315.16 (Pessinus, 2nd c.BC).)]
III impersonal ὀφείλει, it behoves, with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 2.6)]; ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.678: so _person_ in)]participle, absolutely, αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PTeb.” 294.24 (2nd c.AD))]; κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.79)]. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, aorist and perfect of ὀφλισκάνω, were probably originally aorist and perfect of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. [Refs (3c)] may be originally neuter participle of ὤφελε (signification [Refs (111) with omission of ἐστί.))]