Strong G3784ὀφείλω
to owe
- Transliteration
- opheilō opheileō
- Pronunciation
- of-i'-lo of-i-leh'-o
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Including its prolonged form (second form) used in certain tenses. Probably from the base of G3786 (through the idea of accruing); to owe (pecuniarily); figuratively to be under obligation (ought must 6
should); morally to fail in duty: - behove be bound (be) debt (-or) (be) due (-ty) be guilty (indebted) (must) need (-s) ought owe should. See also G3785 .
should); morally to fail in duty: - behove be bound (be) debt (-or) (be) due (-ty) be guilty (indebted) (must) need (-s) ought owe should. See also G3785 .
Detailed definition
ὀφείλω
[in LXX: Deu.15:2, Isa.24:2 (נָשָׁה), Eze.18:7 (חוֹב), Wis.12:15, 20, al.;]
to owe, be a debtor: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.18:28, Luk.7:41 16:7, Phm 18; id. with dative of person(s), Mat.18:28, Luk.16:5. Pass., to be owed, to be due: τ. ὀφειλόμενον, Mat.18:30, 34. Metaphorical: absol. (= Rabbinic חַיָּב; see McNeile, in l), Mat.23:16, 18; with accusative of thing(s) and dative of person(s), Rom.13:8; with inf., to be bound or obliged to do (of. Westc., Epp. Jo., 50), Luk.17:10, Jhn.13:14 19:7, Act.17:29, Rom.15:1, 27, 1Co.5:10 7:36 9:10 11:7 11:10, 2Co.12:14, Eph.5:28, 2Th.1:3 2:13, Heb.2:17 5:3, 12, 1Jn.2:6 Jn 3:16 Jn 4:11, 3Jn.8; ὤειλον συνίστασθαι, I ought to have been commended, 2Co.12:11. In peculiar Aram. sense of having wronged one (see: όφείλημα; but of. also Inscr. ἁμαρτίαν ὀφείίλω, Deiss., BS, 225), with dative of person(s), Luk.11:4 (cf. προσ-οφίελω).†
(AS)
[in LXX: Deu.15:2, Isa.24:2 (נָשָׁה), Eze.18:7 (חוֹב), Wis.12:15, 20, al.;]
to owe, be a debtor: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.18:28, Luk.7:41 16:7, Phm 18; id. with dative of person(s), Mat.18:28, Luk.16:5. Pass., to be owed, to be due: τ. ὀφειλόμενον, Mat.18:30, 34. Metaphorical: absol. (= Rabbinic חַיָּב; see McNeile, in l), Mat.23:16, 18; with accusative of thing(s) and dative of person(s), Rom.13:8; with inf., to be bound or obliged to do (of. Westc., Epp. Jo., 50), Luk.17:10, Jhn.13:14 19:7, Act.17:29, Rom.15:1, 27, 1Co.5:10 7:36 9:10 11:7 11:10, 2Co.12:14, Eph.5:28, 2Th.1:3 2:13, Heb.2:17 5:3, 12, 1Jn.2:6 Jn 3:16 Jn 4:11, 3Jn.8; ὤειλον συνίστασθαι, I ought to have been commended, 2Co.12:11. In peculiar Aram. sense of having wronged one (see: όφείλημα; but of. also Inscr. ἁμαρτίαν ὀφείίλω, Deiss., BS, 225), with dative of person(s), Luk.11:4 (cf. προσ-οφίελω).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G3784 appears in 35 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- ought15
- owe3
- bind2
- due2
- duty2
- thou2
- need2
- be1
- behove1
- debt1
- debtor1
- indebted1
First verses
- Matthew 18:28But the same servant went out, and found one of his fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence: and he laid hands on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest.
- Matthew 18:30And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay the debt.
- Matthew 18:34And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him.
- Matthew 23:16Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor!
- Matthew 23:18And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.
- Luke 7:41There was a certain creditor which had two debtors: the one owed five hundred pence, and the other fifty.
- Luke 11:4And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil.
- Luke 16:5So he called every one of his lord’s debtors unto him, and said unto the first, How much owest thou unto my lord?
- Luke 16:7Then said he to another, And how much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and write fourscore.
- Luke 17:10So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants: we have done that which was our duty to do.
- John 13:14If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another’s feet.
- John 19:7The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
- Acts 17:29Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man’s device.
- Romans 13:8Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law.
- Romans 15:1We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves.
- Romans 15:27It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things.
- 1 Corinthians 5:10Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye needs go out of the world.
- 1 Corinthians 7:3Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.
- 1 Corinthians 7:36But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.
- 1 Corinthians 9:10Or saith he it altogether for our sakes? For our sakes, no doubt, this is written: that he that ploweth should plow in hope; and that he that thresheth in hope should be partaker of his hope.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
ὀφείλ-ω,
imperfect ὤφειλον; Epic dialect ὀφέλλω (also Aeolic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, [prev. work] 5(2).343.27 (Orchom. 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, 4th c.BC)),)]imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον, see infr. II. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2, 3 (the _Attic dialect_ or _Ionic dialect_ ὀφείλετ᾽, ὄφειλον in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 688, 698, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 is probably due to the Copyists))]: future ὀφειλήσω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 30.7, also ὀφειλέσω “TAM” 2.431, +others)]: aorist 1 ὠφείλησα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 115, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.5)] (ἐπ-): perfect ὠφείληκα: pluperfect -ήκειν[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45. 33:)]aorist 2 ὤφελον (see. below [Refs (11.2, 3))]:—passive, aorist participle ὀφειληθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.63)]. (Cretan dialect ὀφήλω [Refs (“GDI” 5015.21)], written ὀπέλο [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“Leg.Gort.” 10.20, +others, 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] ὀφέλλω (see. above) and ὀφήλω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“SIG” 306.40 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]: in early Attic dialect Inscrr. written both ὀφελ -IG 12.91.8[Refs (, +others, and ὀφειλ- [prev. work]109.9, +others))]:—owe, have to pay or account for, τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.332)]; ὅτι μοι.. ζωάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλεις[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 462; χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλεν 21.17; πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.688; ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, etc.: _metaphorically_, μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 126)]; τί ὀφείλω; what do I owe? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 21)]; ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Av.” 115, “Nu.” 117; ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331b; ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι [prev. work] 332a: with _dative_ only, ὀ. τινί)] to be debtor to another, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1135, “Lys.” 581, etc.; τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ᾽ ὀ. μηδενί 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 163)]: absolutely, to be in debt, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 485, etc.)]; οἱ ὀφείλοντες debtors, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1167b21, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.832a)]:—passive, to be due, ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται (variant{ὀφείλεται}) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.367; χρεῖος ὀφείλετο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 698; ἢν.. ὀφείληταί τί μοι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 484; μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.)]; τὸ ὀφειλόμενον a debt,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.7.34; -όμενα ἀποδιδόντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.99, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331e.)]
2 metaphorically, ὀ. μέλος τινί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).3; πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 287)]; ὀ. χάριν, see at {χάρις} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.2; Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28; τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 10.5)]:—passive, ὀφείλεταί τινι ἐκ θεῶν κλέος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 315; ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.137; ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.32; τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335e, compare 332b)]; τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη what is due, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 310.)]
3 as a legal term, to be bound to render, εὐθύνας ὤφειλον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.73 codices (_falsa lectio_ for{ὦφλον}): hence, like{ὀφλισκάνω})], incur a penalty, ζημίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 9.10; διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην [prev. author] 1.32, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 360; τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 909a, compare 774b, 774d, 844e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.77; ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ “IG” 3.74.15 (2nd-3rd c.AD).)]
4 in passive, of persons, to be due or liable to, θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα [LXX+4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 122, cf. LXX.Wis.12.20, “IG” 3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα)]our help is due, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (Anthologia Graeca 9.283 (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Crinagoras Epigrammaticus).)]
II with infinitive, to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.200, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.41, 42, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 682, 712, etc.)]; and of things, ought to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1104a2)]:—passive, δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 456)]; σοὶ τοῦτ᾽ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1421, compare “El.” 1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 419, compare 782, “Or.” 1245, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 25.11; see above 1.4.)]
II.2 in this signification Epic dialect imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and aorist ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472.)]
II.3 these tenses are also used, followed by present or aorist infinitive, in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be.., would that I were.. ! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.350)]; τὴν ὄφελ᾽ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.59, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.353: frequently preceded by εἴθε (_Epic dialect_ αἴθε), ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ᾽ ὄφελες ἄγονός τ᾽ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ᾽ ἀπολέσθαι)] O that thou hadst!, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.40, compare 1.415, etc.; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλ᾽ ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.401; αἴθ᾽ ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.254: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι)] O that I had.. !,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (11.380; θανέειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.764, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.428; ὡς.. ὤφελες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.184)]; ὡς ὄφελεν.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, etc.: strengthened, ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ᾽ ὄφελον.. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.217: also with _negative_, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι)].. would thou hadst never.. !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.—So in Trag. and _Attic dialect_, ὤφελον.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1157)]; ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 865)]; ὤφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.4, etc.: also, as in _Epic dialect_, εἴθ᾽ ὤφελες.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1021)]; εἴθ᾽ ὤφελ᾽.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 41, etc.)]; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ec.” 380, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432c, “Cri.” 44d)]; ὡς ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 955: with _negative_, μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 880 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.288)]; ὡς μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.78: without augment in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (variant{ὤ-}) 1.111, compare 3.65: sometimes in Trag. (Lyric poetry and _anapaest meter_), εἴθ᾽ ὄφελε.. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 915)]; ὄφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1192)]; μήποτ᾽ ὄφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1413. (In this signification ὤφειλον)] is used in late Epic dialect, ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 5.194, but ὤφελλον should be read in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 and ὤφελε in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1291.))]
II.3.b with indicative, ὤφελε μηδ᾽ ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 19.1, compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 10.378, etc.)]
II.3.c ὄφελον (adverb accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 142.9, “Etymologicum Magnum” 643.48))] in this signification: with accusative et infinitive, ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι [NT+1st c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 1159: even with 2 _person_ of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε NT.1Cor.4.8, cf. NT.2Cor.11.1, NT.Gal.5.12, NT.Rev.3.15, LXX.Job.14.13, 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Sol.” 1 (as a solecism): with 3 _person_, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.15, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 38.47: with 1 _person_ _plural_, ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX.Exo.16.3)]; ὤφελον (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PGiss.” 17.10 (2nd c.AD): with)]infinitive, ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι.. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“OGI” 315.16 (Pessinus, 2nd c.BC).)]
III impersonal ὀφείλει, it behoves, with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 2.6)]; ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.678: so _person_ in)]participle, absolutely, αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PTeb.” 294.24 (2nd c.AD))]; κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.79)]. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, aorist and perfect of ὀφλισκάνω, were probably originally aorist and perfect of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. [Refs (3c)] may be originally neuter participle of ὤφελε (signification [Refs (111) with omission of ἐστί.))]
imperfect ὤφειλον; Epic dialect ὀφέλλω (also Aeolic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, [prev. work] 5(2).343.27 (Orchom. 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, 4th c.BC)),)]imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον, see infr. II. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2, 3 (the _Attic dialect_ or _Ionic dialect_ ὀφείλετ᾽, ὄφειλον in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 688, 698, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 is probably due to the Copyists))]: future ὀφειλήσω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 30.7, also ὀφειλέσω “TAM” 2.431, +others)]: aorist 1 ὠφείλησα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 115, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.5)] (ἐπ-): perfect ὠφείληκα: pluperfect -ήκειν[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45. 33:)]aorist 2 ὤφελον (see. below [Refs (11.2, 3))]:—passive, aorist participle ὀφειληθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.63)]. (Cretan dialect ὀφήλω [Refs (“GDI” 5015.21)], written ὀπέλο [Refs 4th c.AD+ (“Leg.Gort.” 10.20, +others, 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] ὀφέλλω (see. above) and ὀφήλω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“SIG” 306.40 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]: in early Attic dialect Inscrr. written both ὀφελ -IG 12.91.8[Refs (, +others, and ὀφειλ- [prev. work]109.9, +others))]:—owe, have to pay or account for, τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.332)]; ὅτι μοι.. ζωάγρι᾽ ὀφέλλεις[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 462; χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλεν 21.17; πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.688; ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.52, etc.: _metaphorically_, μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 126)]; τί ὀφείλω; what do I owe? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 21)]; ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Av.” 115, “Nu.” 117; ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331b; ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι [prev. work] 332a: with _dative_ only, ὀ. τινί)] to be debtor to another, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1135, “Lys.” 581, etc.; τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ᾽ ὀ. μηδενί 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 163)]: absolutely, to be in debt, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 485, etc.)]; οἱ ὀφείλοντες debtors, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1167b21, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.832a)]:—passive, to be due, ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται (variant{ὀφείλεται}) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.367; χρεῖος ὀφείλετο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.686, 698; ἢν.. ὀφείληταί τί μοι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 484; μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.11, etc.)]; τὸ ὀφειλόμενον a debt,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.7.34; -όμενα ἀποδιδόντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.99, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 331e.)]
2 metaphorically, ὀ. μέλος τινί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).3; πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 287)]; ὀ. χάριν, see at {χάρις} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.2; Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.28; τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 10.5)]:—passive, ὀφείλεταί τινι ἐκ θεῶν κλέος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 315; ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.137; ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.32; τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335e, compare 332b)]; τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη what is due, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 310.)]
3 as a legal term, to be bound to render, εὐθύνας ὤφειλον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.73 codices (_falsa lectio_ for{ὦφλον}): hence, like{ὀφλισκάνω})], incur a penalty, ζημίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 9.10; διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην [prev. author] 1.32, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 360; τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 909a, compare 774b, 774d, 844e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.77; ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ “IG” 3.74.15 (2nd-3rd c.AD).)]
4 in passive, of persons, to be due or liable to, θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα [LXX+4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 122, cf. LXX.Wis.12.20, “IG” 3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα)]our help is due, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (Anthologia Graeca 9.283 (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Crinagoras Epigrammaticus).)]
II with infinitive, to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.200, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.41, 42, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 682, 712, etc.)]; and of things, ought to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1104a2)]:—passive, δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 456)]; σοὶ τοῦτ᾽ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1421, compare “El.” 1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 419, compare 782, “Or.” 1245, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 25.11; see above 1.4.)]
II.2 in this signification Epic dialect imperfect ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and aorist ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472.)]
II.3 these tenses are also used, followed by present or aorist infinitive, in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be.., would that I were.. ! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.350)]; τὴν ὄφελ᾽ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.59, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.353: frequently preceded by εἴθε (_Epic dialect_ αἴθε), ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ᾽ ὄφελες ἄγονός τ᾽ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ᾽ ἀπολέσθαι)] O that thou hadst!, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.40, compare 1.415, etc.; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ᾽ ὤφελλ᾽ ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.401; αἴθ᾽ ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.254: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι)] O that I had.. !,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (11.380; θανέειν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.764, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.428; ὡς.. ὤφελες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.184)]; ὡς ὄφελεν.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, etc.: strengthened, ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ᾽ ὄφελον.. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.217: also with _negative_, μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι)].. would thou hadst never.. !, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548.—So in Trag. and _Attic dialect_, ὤφελον.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1157)]; ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 865)]; ὤφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 48, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.4, etc.: also, as in _Epic dialect_, εἴθ᾽ ὤφελες.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1021)]; εἴθ᾽ ὤφελ᾽.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 41, etc.)]; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ec.” 380, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 432c, “Cri.” 44d)]; ὡς ὤφελες.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 955: with _negative_, μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 969, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 880 (_anapaest meter_), 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.288)]; ὡς μήποτ᾽ ὤφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.78: without augment in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (variant{ὤ-}) 1.111, compare 3.65: sometimes in Trag. (Lyric poetry and _anapaest meter_), εἴθ᾽ ὄφελε.. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 915)]; ὄφελε.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1192)]; μήποτ᾽ ὄφελον.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1413. (In this signification ὤφειλον)] is used in late Epic dialect, ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 5.194, but ὤφελλον should be read in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 174 and ὤφελε in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1291.))]
II.3.b with indicative, ὤφελε μηδ᾽ ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Epigrammata” 19.1, compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 10.378, etc.)]
II.3.c ὄφελον (adverb accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 142.9, “Etymologicum Magnum” 643.48))] in this signification: with accusative et infinitive, ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι [NT+1st c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 1159: even with 2 _person_ of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε NT.1Cor.4.8, cf. NT.2Cor.11.1, NT.Gal.5.12, NT.Rev.3.15, LXX.Job.14.13, 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Sol.” 1 (as a solecism): with 3 _person_, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.15, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 38.47: with 1 _person_ _plural_, ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX.Exo.16.3)]; ὤφελον (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PGiss.” 17.10 (2nd c.AD): with)]infinitive, ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι.. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“OGI” 315.16 (Pessinus, 2nd c.BC).)]
III impersonal ὀφείλει, it behoves, with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 2.6)]; ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.678: so _person_ in)]participle, absolutely, αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“PTeb.” 294.24 (2nd c.AD))]; κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.79)]. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, aorist and perfect of ὀφλισκάνω, were probably originally aorist and perfect of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. [Refs (3c)] may be originally neuter participle of ὤφελε (signification [Refs (111) with omission of ἐστί.))]