Strong G3708G3708Hὁράω
to see: appear
One of the 2 senses of Strong G3708
- Transliteration
- horaō
- Pronunciation
- hor-ah'-o
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Properly to stare at (compare G3700) that is (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension to attend to; by Hebraism to experience; passively to appear: - behold perceive see take heed.
Detailed definition
ὁράω, -ῶ,
[in LXX chiefly for ראה, also for חזה, etc.;] in "durative" sense (hence aor. act., εἶδον, pass., ὤφθην, fut., ὄψομαι, from different roots; see M, Pr., 110f.), to see (in colloq. even the present is rare, its place being generally taken by θεωρέω, see BL, §24).
1. Of bodily vision, to see, perceive, behold: absol., Mrk.6:38, al.; ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε, Jhn.1:46, al.; before ὅτι, Mrk.2:16, al.; with accusative, Mat.2:2, Mrk.1:10 16:7, Gal.1:19, al.; θεόν, Jhn.1:18, 1Jn.4:20, al.
2. to see with the mind, perceive, discern: absol, Rom.15:21; with accusative of thing(s), Mat.9:2 27:54, Act.8:23, Col.2:18, al.
3. to see, take heed, beware: ὅρα μή, with aor. subjc., Mat.8:4 18:10, Mrk.1:44, 1Th.5:15; id., sc. μὴ ποήσῃς, Rev.19:10 22:9 (Bl., §81, 1); before imperat. Mat.9:30 16:6, Mrk.8:15
4. to experience: τ. θάνατον, Luk.2:26, Heb.11:5; ζωήν, Jhn.3:36; τ. διαφθοράν, Act.2:27.
5. to visit: with accusative of person(s), Luk.8:20, Jhn.12:21, Rom.1:11, al.; with accusative loc, Act.19:21.
6. to see to, care for: Mat.27:4, Act.18:15 (cf. ἀφ-, καθ-, προ-, συν-οράω).
SYN.: see: βλέπω. (AS)
[in LXX chiefly for ראה, also for חזה, etc.;] in "durative" sense (hence aor. act., εἶδον, pass., ὤφθην, fut., ὄψομαι, from different roots; see M, Pr., 110f.), to see (in colloq. even the present is rare, its place being generally taken by θεωρέω, see BL, §24).
1. Of bodily vision, to see, perceive, behold: absol., Mrk.6:38, al.; ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε, Jhn.1:46, al.; before ὅτι, Mrk.2:16, al.; with accusative, Mat.2:2, Mrk.1:10 16:7, Gal.1:19, al.; θεόν, Jhn.1:18, 1Jn.4:20, al.
2. to see with the mind, perceive, discern: absol, Rom.15:21; with accusative of thing(s), Mat.9:2 27:54, Act.8:23, Col.2:18, al.
3. to see, take heed, beware: ὅρα μή, with aor. subjc., Mat.8:4 18:10, Mrk.1:44, 1Th.5:15; id., sc. μὴ ποήσῃς, Rev.19:10 22:9 (Bl., §81, 1); before imperat. Mat.9:30 16:6, Mrk.8:15
4. to experience: τ. θάνατον, Luk.2:26, Heb.11:5; ζωήν, Jhn.3:36; τ. διαφθοράν, Act.2:27.
5. to visit: with accusative of person(s), Luk.8:20, Jhn.12:21, Rom.1:11, al.; with accusative loc, Act.19:21.
6. to see to, care for: Mat.27:4, Act.18:15 (cf. ἀφ-, καθ-, προ-, συν-οράω).
SYN.: see: βλέπω. (AS)
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
ὁράω,
contraction ὁρῶ even in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.234)], Epic dialect ὁρόω [Refs (5.244)], etc.; Aeolic dialect ὄρημι (which see); Ionic dialect ὁρέω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, etc.)], 2nd pers. singular ὁρῇς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.67, +others)], 3rd.pers. singular ὁρῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ σαρκῶν” 17, “Vid.Ac.” I)]; infinitive ὁρῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 11, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ σαρκῶν” 2)] (but 2nd pers. singular ὁρᾷς [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 87)], 3rd.pers. singular ὁρᾷ [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.80, compare κατορᾷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.38)]; 1st pers. plural ὁρῶμεν [Refs ([prev. author] 5.40)]; 3rd.pers. plural ὁρῶσι (ἐπ-) [Refs ([prev. author] 1.124;)]infinitive ὁρᾶν[Refs ([prev. work] 33, 2.64): the forms ὁρῇς, ὁρῇ, ὁρῆν)] (except when found in Doric dialect, as [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).122.2, 15,47 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; imperfect 3rd.pers. singular ἑώρη [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work]28,70) seem to imply ὁρή-ω (compare ὄρημι), but ὁρᾷ, ὁρῶμεν, ὁρῶσι, etc. imply ὁρᾰ-ω: _Attic dialect_ _imperfect_ ἑώρων 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.51, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 713, “Nu.” 354, (ἐ-) “SIG” 344.110 (Teos, 4th c.BC))]; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὥρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.11, 3.72, _1st pers._ _plural_ ὡρῶμεν (variant{ὁρῶμεν}) [prev. author] 2.131)],2nd pers. plural ὡρᾶτε [Refs ([prev. author] 7.8.β᾽,)] 3rd.pers. plural ὥρων [Refs ([prev. author] 4.3, etc.)]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὅρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.646, compare ὄρημι:)]perfect ἑόρᾱκα, a form required by the metre in many passages, as [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 32, 33, “Av.” 1573, “Pl.” 98, 1045, 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 181.3, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 272.1, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 166, “Pk.” 270, 3rd c.BC: Bato Comicus 5.11, etc., whereas the metre never requires ἑώρακα)]; whence ἑόρακα, -άκη ought always to be restored in early Attic dialect writers, though ἑώρακα was used in later Gr., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PPetr.” 2p.55 (3rd c.BC), “SIG” 685.74 (2nd c.BC), “UPZ” 119.43 (2nd c.BC),compare 9th c.AD: Theognostus Grammaticus “Can.” 150)] (ἑώρακε[ν] is probably in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 5 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator): ἑωρ- in the)]imperfect probably comes from ἠ- ϝορ- (with a long form of the augment, compare ἠειδ- (ᾐδ-) in imperfect of οἶδα, while ἑορ- in the perfect comes from ϝε-ϝορ-, see below: Ionic dialect perfect ὁρώρηκα [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.77, +others, also ὥρηκα [prev. work] 40)]; Doric dialect perfect participle ὡρακυῖα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).122.6 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; 1st pers. singular ὥρακα[Refs (Baillet “Inscription destombeaux des rois” 1210)]: an aorist 1 ἐσορήσαις only falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 247.16:)] —middle ὁράομαι, contraction ὁρῶμαι even in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.99)]; Epic dialect 2nd pers. singular ὅρηαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.343 (see. ὄρημι):)]imperfect ἑωρώμην, also ὡρώμην (προ-) [NT (NT.Act.2.25)], Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὁρᾶτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.56)]:—passive, perfect ἑώραμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.110, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.16:)]aorist ἑωράθην only in late Prose, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.6)]; infinitive ὁρᾱθῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Motu Animalium” 699b19, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Definitiones” 411b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Jud.Voc.” 6, etc.)]: future ὁραθήσομαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 10.12: verb.)] adjective ὁρᾱτός, ὁρᾱτέον[Refs 8th c.BC+ ((which see).— 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus uses _contraction_ forms, as ὁρῶ, ὁρᾷς, ὁρᾷ, ὅρα, ὁρᾶν, ὁρῶν, ὁρῶμαι, ὁρᾶται, ὁρᾶσθαι, ὁρώμενος, as well as lengthened _Epic dialect_ ὁρόω, ὁράᾳς, ὁράασθαι, ὁρόων,)] 2nd pers. plural optative ὁρόῳτε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.347, etc.)]; besides these forms from ὁρα- (ὁρη-) we have
II from root ὀπ- (see. ὄψ) the only future in use, ὄψομαι, always in active sense, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.704)], and Attic dialect, Epic dialect 2nd pers. singular ὄψεαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.471, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.511: a rare)]aorist 1 ἐπ-όψατο in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 88.6 (for ἐπιώψατο, see at {ἐπιόψομαι}))]; subjunctive ὄψησθε [NT (NT.Luke.13.28 (where the variant{ὄψεσθε} may be right))]: perfect ὄπωπα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.124, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.94, 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 109, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.37, 63, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 1, “Carn.” 17; Trag. and Comedy texts, as 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 57, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 6, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1157, 1225)], never in Attic dialect Prose: pluperfect 3rd.pers. singular ὀπώπει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.123, ὀπώπεε 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.92.ζ᾽)]; ὀπώπεσαν [Refs ([prev. author] 7.125:)] —passive, aorist 1 ὤφθην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 709, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 970, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.73, etc.)]; optative (Ionic dialect) ὀφθείησαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.7)]; participle ὀφθείς, infinitive ὀφθῆναι, [Refs ([prev. author] 1.9, 10 (for ἐπι-οφθέντας, see at {ἐπιόψομαι}))]: future ὀφθήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 452, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1155, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 2.10, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.34)]: perfect ὦμμαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator “fragment” 165, ὦψαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.263, ὦπται 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 998, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.66)]; compare ὀπτέον.
III from ϝιδ- are formed aorist active εἶδον, infinitive ἰδεῖν: aorist middle εἰδόμην, infinitive ἰδέσθαι: perfect with present sense οἶδα I know, infinitive εἰδέναι: verb. adjective ἰστέος (for these tenses, see at {Εἴδω}). (ὁρ- probably from ϝορ-, as indicated by the imperfect and perfect forms; compare βῶροι (i.e. ϝῶροι), Engl. (a)ware.)
A0Senses:
A0.I absolutely, see, look, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)]; εἴς τι or εἴς τινα to or at a thing or person, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.633, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.373, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 607; εἰς τὸν πράττοντα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1460a14)]:—middle, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.439, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 534, “fragment” 188)]; but ἔς τινα ὁρᾶν to be of so-and-so's party, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vitae Sophistarum” 1.18)]; εἰς τὴν Ἀττάλου καθαίρεσιν εἶδεν aimed at.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Zosimus Epigrammaticus 6.12; for κατ᾽ αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.646, Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται 24.291, compare καθοράω 11)]; ὁρόων ἐπ᾽ ἀπείρονα πόντον looking over the sea, [Refs (1.350)]; ὁρᾶν πρός τι look towards, ἀκρωτήριον τὸ πρὸς Μέγαρα ὁρῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.93, compare “Anthologia Graeca” 7.496 (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus, conjecture))]; πρὸς πλοῦν ὁρᾷ looks to sail (i.e. is ready), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” [1624]; ὁ. ἐπὶ τὴν προδοσίαν 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 36.3; πρὸς σπονδάς [prev. author] 33.1.)]
A0.I.2 have sight, opposed to μὴ ὁρᾶν, to be blind, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 84)]; ὅσ᾽ ἂν λέγωμεν, πάνθ᾽ ὁρῶντα λέξομεν [though I am blind,] my words shall have eyes, i.e. shall be to the purpose, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 74)]; ἐν σκότῳ.. οὓς μὲν οὐκ ἔδει ὀψοίαθ᾽, i.e. should be blind, [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 1274)]; ἀμβλύτερον ὁ., opposed to ὀξύτερον βλέπειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 596a)]; ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ὁ. to be short-sighted, [Refs ([prev. author] “Tht.” 174e; ὁ. βραχύ τι [prev. author] “R.” 488b.)]
A0.I.3 see to, look to, i.e. take or give heed, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.239)]; ὁ. εἰς γλῶσσαν.. ἀνδρός look to, pay heed to, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 11.7, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 104 (Lyric poetry))]: frequently in imperative, like{βλέπε}, followed by a dependent clause, ὅρα ὅπως.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 300, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.27)]; ὅρα εἰ.. see whether.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 997, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 118, etc.; also ὅρα μὴ.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 30, 519, etc.)]; ὅρα τί ποιεῖς[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 589; πῶς.. ὑπερδικεῖς, ὅρα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 652.)]
A0.I.4 ὁρᾷ; ὁρᾶτ; see'st thou? d'ye see? parenthetically, especially in explanations, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 355, “Th.” 490, etc.; ὡς ὁρᾷς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1114, “Tr.” 365)]; also ὁρᾷ; at the beginning of a sentence, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 628, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 87)]; ἀλλ᾽—ὁρᾷ; but, do you see.. ?, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 336b; ὁρᾷς οὖν.. ὅτι [prev. author] “Grg.” 475e)]; οὐχ ὁρᾷ; ironically, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.232.)]
A0.I.5 with accusative cognate, like{βλέπω} 11, look so and so, δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 426; ὁρᾶν ἀλκάν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 9.111; ἔαρ ὁρόωσα Νύχεια 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 13.45)]; also ἡδέως ὁρᾶν look pleasant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1122: with _accusative_, κακῶς ὁρᾶν τινα 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 7.42.)]
A0.II transitive, see an object, behold, perceive, observe, with accusative, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.:)]perfect ὄπωπα exclusively in this sense, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.799, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.94, etc.)]; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν to see with or before the eyes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.392, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.459, etc.)]; αἰεὶ τέρμ᾽ ὁρόων always keeping it in sight, keeping his eye on it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.323; φίλως χ᾽ ὁρόῳτε καὶ εἰ δέκα πύργοι Ἀχαιῶν.. μαχοίατο, i.e. δέκα πύργους, εἰ μαχοίατο, 4.347)]; ὁ. τινά look to (for aid), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45.64: in significations 1 and 11 combined, οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὁρῶν τάδ; 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1623, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.89.)]
A0.II.b ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο, poetry for ζῆν, like{βλέπειν}, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.61, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.833, etc.; so φῶς ὁρᾶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 375, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1523, Alcaeus691)]:— in middle, φέγγος ὁρᾶσθαι [Refs ([prev. author] “Andr.” 113 (eleg.))]; so ὁρᾶν alone, τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος [Refs ([prev. author] “Supp.” 78 (Lyric poetry).)]
A0.II.c followed by a clause, οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.108)]; ὁρᾷς ἡμᾶς, ὅσοι ἐσμέ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327c)]; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἥμαρτε; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 261, compare 325, 951; Διὸς.. οὐχ ὁρῶ μῆτιν ὅπᾳ φύγοιμ᾽ ἄν [prev. work] 906 (Lyric poetry); ἴδεσθέ μ᾽ οἷα.. πάσχω [prev. work] 92.)]
A0.II.d with participle, καπνὸν.. ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀΐσσοντα we see it rising, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.99)]; ὁρῶν ἐμαυτὸν ὧδε προυσελούμενον seeing myself thus insulted, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 438, compare 70, 384, +others)]; ὁρῶ σε κρύπτοντα.. see you hiding.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 342)]; so ὁρῶ μ᾽ ἔργον ἐξειργασμένην I see that I have done, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 706; compare below 4b)]; rarely in reference to the subject, ὁρῶ μὲν ἐξαμαρτάνων (= ὅτι ἐξαμαρτάνω) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 350)]:—so in middle, ἄνδρα διωκόμενον.. ὁρῶμαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.169, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 896 (Lyric poetry))]: also with infinitive, ἑώρων οὐκέτι οἷόν τε εἶναι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.60.)]
A0.II.e rarely with genitive, οὐδεὶς Σωκράτους οὐδὲν ἀσεβὲς.. οὔτε πράττοντος εἶδεν οὔτε λέγοντος ἤκουσεν (where the Constr. is suggested by the use of ἤκουσεν) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.11; μέχρι βορῆος ἀπαστράψαντος ἴδηαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 430.)]
A0.II.2 see to, ἴδε πῶμα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.443)]; look out for, provide, τινί τι [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1165 (_anapaest meter_), 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.2; πρόβατον εἰς ὁλοκάρπωσιν LXX.Gen.22.8.)]
A0.II.3 the infinitive is used after an adjective, δεινὸς ἰδεῖν [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 13.6; εὐφεγγὴς ἰδεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 387, compare 398, “Ch.” 174, 176, +others (compare Εἴδω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.1 a))]; ἐχθίστου.. ὁρᾶν most hateful to behold, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 818; ὦ πάτερ δύσμοιρ᾽ ὁρᾶν [prev. author] “OC” 327; ὁρᾶν στυγνὸς ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.9)]:—middle or passive, αἰσχρὸς ὁρᾶσθαι [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyn.” 3.3)]: with an adverb, μὴ διχορρόπως ἰδεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 349)]: with a substantive, ἄνδρα τευχηστὴν ἰδεῖν [Refs ([prev. author] “Th.” 644)]: with a Verb, πρέπουσι.. ἰδεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Supp.” 720, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 792.)]
A0.II.4 middle is used by Poets like active, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.99, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 179, “Ch.” 407 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 594 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 306, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 138, etc., see above 11.1 b, c: but in Prose)]middle occurs only in compounds, as προ-ορῶμαι: for the imperative ἰδοῦ, ἰδού, see at {ἰδοῦ}.
A0.II.4.b no passive is used by [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)]; in Attic dialect the passive has the sense to be seen, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 998, “Eu.” 411, etc.: with)]participle, ὤφθημεν ὄντες ἄθλιοι was seen in my wretchedness, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 933; ὀφθήσεται διώκων)]he will prove to be.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 239c, compare “Smp.” 178e)]; τὰ ὁρώμενα all that is seen, things visible, like{τὰ ὁρατά}, [Refs ([prev. author] “Prm.” 130a.)]
A0.III metaphorically, of mental sight, discern, perceive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 945, etc.)]; so blind Oedipus says, φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, τὸ φατιζόμενον I see by sound, as the saying is, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. author] “OC” 138 (_anapaest meter_); ἂν οἴνου.. ὀσμὴν ἴδωσιν 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 222.4; compare above 1.4, δέρκομαι 1.2.)]
A0.IV absolutely, see visions, ὁ ἀληθινῶς ὁρῶν [LXX (LXX.Num.24.3, 15)]:—passive, appear in a vision, ὤφθη ἄγγελος πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα[LXX (LXX.Judg.13.3.)]
A0.V interview, ἐμνήσθης μοι ἰδεῖν τὸν κεραμέα περὶ τῶν κεραμίων you told me to see the potter about the jars, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 264 (3rd c.BC).)]
contraction ὁρῶ even in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.234)], Epic dialect ὁρόω [Refs (5.244)], etc.; Aeolic dialect ὄρημι (which see); Ionic dialect ὁρέω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.80, etc.)], 2nd pers. singular ὁρῇς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.67, +others)], 3rd.pers. singular ὁρῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ σαρκῶν” 17, “Vid.Ac.” I)]; infinitive ὁρῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 11, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ σαρκῶν” 2)] (but 2nd pers. singular ὁρᾷς [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 87)], 3rd.pers. singular ὁρᾷ [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.80, compare κατορᾷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.38)]; 1st pers. plural ὁρῶμεν [Refs ([prev. author] 5.40)]; 3rd.pers. plural ὁρῶσι (ἐπ-) [Refs ([prev. author] 1.124;)]infinitive ὁρᾶν[Refs ([prev. work] 33, 2.64): the forms ὁρῇς, ὁρῇ, ὁρῆν)] (except when found in Doric dialect, as [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).122.2, 15,47 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; imperfect 3rd.pers. singular ἑώρη [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work]28,70) seem to imply ὁρή-ω (compare ὄρημι), but ὁρᾷ, ὁρῶμεν, ὁρῶσι, etc. imply ὁρᾰ-ω: _Attic dialect_ _imperfect_ ἑώρων 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.51, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 713, “Nu.” 354, (ἐ-) “SIG” 344.110 (Teos, 4th c.BC))]; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὥρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.11, 3.72, _1st pers._ _plural_ ὡρῶμεν (variant{ὁρῶμεν}) [prev. author] 2.131)],2nd pers. plural ὡρᾶτε [Refs ([prev. author] 7.8.β᾽,)] 3rd.pers. plural ὥρων [Refs ([prev. author] 4.3, etc.)]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὅρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.646, compare ὄρημι:)]perfect ἑόρᾱκα, a form required by the metre in many passages, as [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 32, 33, “Av.” 1573, “Pl.” 98, 1045, 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 181.3, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 272.1, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 166, “Pk.” 270, 3rd c.BC: Bato Comicus 5.11, etc., whereas the metre never requires ἑώρακα)]; whence ἑόρακα, -άκη ought always to be restored in early Attic dialect writers, though ἑώρακα was used in later Gr., [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PPetr.” 2p.55 (3rd c.BC), “SIG” 685.74 (2nd c.BC), “UPZ” 119.43 (2nd c.BC),compare 9th c.AD: Theognostus Grammaticus “Can.” 150)] (ἑώρακε[ν] is probably in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 5 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator): ἑωρ- in the)]imperfect probably comes from ἠ- ϝορ- (with a long form of the augment, compare ἠειδ- (ᾐδ-) in imperfect of οἶδα, while ἑορ- in the perfect comes from ϝε-ϝορ-, see below: Ionic dialect perfect ὁρώρηκα [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 4.77, +others, also ὥρηκα [prev. work] 40)]; Doric dialect perfect participle ὡρακυῖα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).122.6 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; 1st pers. singular ὥρακα[Refs (Baillet “Inscription destombeaux des rois” 1210)]: an aorist 1 ἐσορήσαις only falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 247.16:)] —middle ὁράομαι, contraction ὁρῶμαι even in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.99)]; Epic dialect 2nd pers. singular ὅρηαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.343 (see. ὄρημι):)]imperfect ἑωρώμην, also ὡρώμην (προ-) [NT (NT.Act.2.25)], Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὁρᾶτο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.56)]:—passive, perfect ἑώραμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.110, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.16:)]aorist ἑωράθην only in late Prose, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.6)]; infinitive ὁρᾱθῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Motu Animalium” 699b19, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Definitiones” 411b, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Jud.Voc.” 6, etc.)]: future ὁραθήσομαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 10.12: verb.)] adjective ὁρᾱτός, ὁρᾱτέον[Refs 8th c.BC+ ((which see).— 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus uses _contraction_ forms, as ὁρῶ, ὁρᾷς, ὁρᾷ, ὅρα, ὁρᾶν, ὁρῶν, ὁρῶμαι, ὁρᾶται, ὁρᾶσθαι, ὁρώμενος, as well as lengthened _Epic dialect_ ὁρόω, ὁράᾳς, ὁράασθαι, ὁρόων,)] 2nd pers. plural optative ὁρόῳτε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.347, etc.)]; besides these forms from ὁρα- (ὁρη-) we have
II from root ὀπ- (see. ὄψ) the only future in use, ὄψομαι, always in active sense, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.704)], and Attic dialect, Epic dialect 2nd pers. singular ὄψεαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.471, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.511: a rare)]aorist 1 ἐπ-όψατο in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 88.6 (for ἐπιώψατο, see at {ἐπιόψομαι}))]; subjunctive ὄψησθε [NT (NT.Luke.13.28 (where the variant{ὄψεσθε} may be right))]: perfect ὄπωπα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.124, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.94, 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 109, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.37, 63, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 1, “Carn.” 17; Trag. and Comedy texts, as 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 57, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 6, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1157, 1225)], never in Attic dialect Prose: pluperfect 3rd.pers. singular ὀπώπει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.123, ὀπώπεε 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.92.ζ᾽)]; ὀπώπεσαν [Refs ([prev. author] 7.125:)] —passive, aorist 1 ὤφθην [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 709, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 970, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.73, etc.)]; optative (Ionic dialect) ὀφθείησαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.7)]; participle ὀφθείς, infinitive ὀφθῆναι, [Refs ([prev. author] 1.9, 10 (for ἐπι-οφθέντας, see at {ἐπιόψομαι}))]: future ὀφθήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 452, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1155, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 2.10, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.34)]: perfect ὦμμαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator “fragment” 165, ὦψαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.263, ὦπται 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 998, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.66)]; compare ὀπτέον.
III from ϝιδ- are formed aorist active εἶδον, infinitive ἰδεῖν: aorist middle εἰδόμην, infinitive ἰδέσθαι: perfect with present sense οἶδα I know, infinitive εἰδέναι: verb. adjective ἰστέος (for these tenses, see at {Εἴδω}). (ὁρ- probably from ϝορ-, as indicated by the imperfect and perfect forms; compare βῶροι (i.e. ϝῶροι), Engl. (a)ware.)
A0Senses:
A0.I absolutely, see, look, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)]; εἴς τι or εἴς τινα to or at a thing or person, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.633, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.373, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 607; εἰς τὸν πράττοντα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1460a14)]:—middle, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.439, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 534, “fragment” 188)]; but ἔς τινα ὁρᾶν to be of so-and-so's party, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vitae Sophistarum” 1.18)]; εἰς τὴν Ἀττάλου καθαίρεσιν εἶδεν aimed at.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Zosimus Epigrammaticus 6.12; for κατ᾽ αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.646, Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται 24.291, compare καθοράω 11)]; ὁρόων ἐπ᾽ ἀπείρονα πόντον looking over the sea, [Refs (1.350)]; ὁρᾶν πρός τι look towards, ἀκρωτήριον τὸ πρὸς Μέγαρα ὁρῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.93, compare “Anthologia Graeca” 7.496 (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus, conjecture))]; πρὸς πλοῦν ὁρᾷ looks to sail (i.e. is ready), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” [1624]; ὁ. ἐπὶ τὴν προδοσίαν 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 36.3; πρὸς σπονδάς [prev. author] 33.1.)]
A0.I.2 have sight, opposed to μὴ ὁρᾶν, to be blind, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 84)]; ὅσ᾽ ἂν λέγωμεν, πάνθ᾽ ὁρῶντα λέξομεν [though I am blind,] my words shall have eyes, i.e. shall be to the purpose, [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 74)]; ἐν σκότῳ.. οὓς μὲν οὐκ ἔδει ὀψοίαθ᾽, i.e. should be blind, [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 1274)]; ἀμβλύτερον ὁ., opposed to ὀξύτερον βλέπειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 596a)]; ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ὁ. to be short-sighted, [Refs ([prev. author] “Tht.” 174e; ὁ. βραχύ τι [prev. author] “R.” 488b.)]
A0.I.3 see to, look to, i.e. take or give heed, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.239)]; ὁ. εἰς γλῶσσαν.. ἀνδρός look to, pay heed to, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 11.7, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 104 (Lyric poetry))]: frequently in imperative, like{βλέπε}, followed by a dependent clause, ὅρα ὅπως.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 300, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.27)]; ὅρα εἰ.. see whether.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 997, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 118, etc.; also ὅρα μὴ.. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 30, 519, etc.)]; ὅρα τί ποιεῖς[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 589; πῶς.. ὑπερδικεῖς, ὅρα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 652.)]
A0.I.4 ὁρᾷ; ὁρᾶτ; see'st thou? d'ye see? parenthetically, especially in explanations, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 355, “Th.” 490, etc.; ὡς ὁρᾷς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1114, “Tr.” 365)]; also ὁρᾷ; at the beginning of a sentence, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 628, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 87)]; ἀλλ᾽—ὁρᾷ; but, do you see.. ?, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 336b; ὁρᾷς οὖν.. ὅτι [prev. author] “Grg.” 475e)]; οὐχ ὁρᾷ; ironically, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.232.)]
A0.I.5 with accusative cognate, like{βλέπω} 11, look so and so, δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 426; ὁρᾶν ἀλκάν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 9.111; ἔαρ ὁρόωσα Νύχεια 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 13.45)]; also ἡδέως ὁρᾶν look pleasant, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1122: with _accusative_, κακῶς ὁρᾶν τινα 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 7.42.)]
A0.II transitive, see an object, behold, perceive, observe, with accusative, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.:)]perfect ὄπωπα exclusively in this sense, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.799, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.94, etc.)]; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν to see with or before the eyes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.392, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.459, etc.)]; αἰεὶ τέρμ᾽ ὁρόων always keeping it in sight, keeping his eye on it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.323; φίλως χ᾽ ὁρόῳτε καὶ εἰ δέκα πύργοι Ἀχαιῶν.. μαχοίατο, i.e. δέκα πύργους, εἰ μαχοίατο, 4.347)]; ὁ. τινά look to (for aid), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45.64: in significations 1 and 11 combined, οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὁρῶν τάδ; 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1623, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.89.)]
A0.II.b ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο, poetry for ζῆν, like{βλέπειν}, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.61, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.833, etc.; so φῶς ὁρᾶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 375, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1523, Alcaeus691)]:— in middle, φέγγος ὁρᾶσθαι [Refs ([prev. author] “Andr.” 113 (eleg.))]; so ὁρᾶν alone, τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος [Refs ([prev. author] “Supp.” 78 (Lyric poetry).)]
A0.II.c followed by a clause, οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.108)]; ὁρᾷς ἡμᾶς, ὅσοι ἐσμέ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327c)]; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἥμαρτε; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 261, compare 325, 951; Διὸς.. οὐχ ὁρῶ μῆτιν ὅπᾳ φύγοιμ᾽ ἄν [prev. work] 906 (Lyric poetry); ἴδεσθέ μ᾽ οἷα.. πάσχω [prev. work] 92.)]
A0.II.d with participle, καπνὸν.. ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀΐσσοντα we see it rising, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.99)]; ὁρῶν ἐμαυτὸν ὧδε προυσελούμενον seeing myself thus insulted, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 438, compare 70, 384, +others)]; ὁρῶ σε κρύπτοντα.. see you hiding.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 342)]; so ὁρῶ μ᾽ ἔργον ἐξειργασμένην I see that I have done, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 706; compare below 4b)]; rarely in reference to the subject, ὁρῶ μὲν ἐξαμαρτάνων (= ὅτι ἐξαμαρτάνω) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 350)]:—so in middle, ἄνδρα διωκόμενον.. ὁρῶμαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.169, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 896 (Lyric poetry))]: also with infinitive, ἑώρων οὐκέτι οἷόν τε εἶναι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.60.)]
A0.II.e rarely with genitive, οὐδεὶς Σωκράτους οὐδὲν ἀσεβὲς.. οὔτε πράττοντος εἶδεν οὔτε λέγοντος ἤκουσεν (where the Constr. is suggested by the use of ἤκουσεν) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.11; μέχρι βορῆος ἀπαστράψαντος ἴδηαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 430.)]
A0.II.2 see to, ἴδε πῶμα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.443)]; look out for, provide, τινί τι [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1165 (_anapaest meter_), 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.2; πρόβατον εἰς ὁλοκάρπωσιν LXX.Gen.22.8.)]
A0.II.3 the infinitive is used after an adjective, δεινὸς ἰδεῖν [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 13.6; εὐφεγγὴς ἰδεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 387, compare 398, “Ch.” 174, 176, +others (compare Εἴδω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.1 a))]; ἐχθίστου.. ὁρᾶν most hateful to behold, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 818; ὦ πάτερ δύσμοιρ᾽ ὁρᾶν [prev. author] “OC” 327; ὁρᾶν στυγνὸς ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.9)]:—middle or passive, αἰσχρὸς ὁρᾶσθαι [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyn.” 3.3)]: with an adverb, μὴ διχορρόπως ἰδεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 349)]: with a substantive, ἄνδρα τευχηστὴν ἰδεῖν [Refs ([prev. author] “Th.” 644)]: with a Verb, πρέπουσι.. ἰδεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Supp.” 720, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 792.)]
A0.II.4 middle is used by Poets like active, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.99, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 179, “Ch.” 407 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 594 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 306, 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 138, etc., see above 11.1 b, c: but in Prose)]middle occurs only in compounds, as προ-ορῶμαι: for the imperative ἰδοῦ, ἰδού, see at {ἰδοῦ}.
A0.II.4.b no passive is used by [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)]; in Attic dialect the passive has the sense to be seen, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 998, “Eu.” 411, etc.: with)]participle, ὤφθημεν ὄντες ἄθλιοι was seen in my wretchedness, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 933; ὀφθήσεται διώκων)]he will prove to be.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 239c, compare “Smp.” 178e)]; τὰ ὁρώμενα all that is seen, things visible, like{τὰ ὁρατά}, [Refs ([prev. author] “Prm.” 130a.)]
A0.III metaphorically, of mental sight, discern, perceive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 945, etc.)]; so blind Oedipus says, φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, τὸ φατιζόμενον I see by sound, as the saying is, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. author] “OC” 138 (_anapaest meter_); ἂν οἴνου.. ὀσμὴν ἴδωσιν 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 222.4; compare above 1.4, δέρκομαι 1.2.)]
A0.IV absolutely, see visions, ὁ ἀληθινῶς ὁρῶν [LXX (LXX.Num.24.3, 15)]:—passive, appear in a vision, ὤφθη ἄγγελος πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα[LXX (LXX.Judg.13.3.)]
A0.V interview, ἐμνήσθης μοι ἰδεῖν τὸν κεραμέα περὶ τῶν κεραμίων you told me to see the potter about the jars, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 264 (3rd c.BC).)]