Strong G1492G1492Hεἴδω
to perceive: see
One of the 3 senses of Strong G1492
- Transliteration
- eidō
- Pronunciation
- i'-do
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
A primary verb; used only in certain past tenses the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700 and G3708; properly to see (literally or figuratively); by implication (in the perfect only) to know : - be aware behold X can (+ not tell) consider (have) known (-ledge) look (on) perceive see be sure tell understand wist wot. Compare G3700 .
Detailed definition
οἶδα, (from same root as εἶδον, which see),
[in LXX chiefly for ידע;] pf. with present meaning (plpf. as impf.; on irregular tense-forms, see App.),
to have seen or perceived, hence, to know, have knowledge of: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.25:13, Mrk.10:19, Jhn.10:4, Rom.7:7, al.; with accusative of person(s), Mat.26:72, Jhn.1:31, Act.3:16, al.; τ. θεόν, 1Th.4:5, Tit.1:16, al.; with accusative and inf., Luk.4:41, al.; before ὅτι, Mat.9:6, Luk.20:21, Jhn.3:2, Rom.2:2 11:2, al.; before quaest. indir., Mat.26:70, Jhn.9:21, Eph.1:18, al.; with inf., to know how (cl.), Mat.7:11, Luk.11:13, Php.4:12, 1Th.4:4, al.; in unique sense of respect, appreciate: 1Th.5:12 (but see also ICC on 1Th.4:4).
SYN.: see: γινώσκω. (AS)
[in LXX chiefly for ידע;] pf. with present meaning (plpf. as impf.; on irregular tense-forms, see App.),
to have seen or perceived, hence, to know, have knowledge of: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.25:13, Mrk.10:19, Jhn.10:4, Rom.7:7, al.; with accusative of person(s), Mat.26:72, Jhn.1:31, Act.3:16, al.; τ. θεόν, 1Th.4:5, Tit.1:16, al.; with accusative and inf., Luk.4:41, al.; before ὅτι, Mat.9:6, Luk.20:21, Jhn.3:2, Rom.2:2 11:2, al.; before quaest. indir., Mat.26:70, Jhn.9:21, Eph.1:18, al.; with inf., to know how (cl.), Mat.7:11, Luk.11:13, Php.4:12, 1Th.4:4, al.; in unique sense of respect, appreciate: 1Th.5:12 (but see also ICC on 1Th.4:4).
SYN.: see: γινώσκω. (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G1492H appears in 3 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- know2
- perceive1
First verses
- Mark 12:15Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it.
- Mark 12:28And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
- John 2:9When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom,
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
εἴδω,
no active present in use, ὁράω being used:—middle, see.below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11)]: aorist 2 εἶδον always in sense of see (so in present and aorist 1 middle, to be seen, i.e. seem): but perfect οἶδα, in present sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, compare (ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Latin videre; with (ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Sanskrit véda, Gothic wait, O[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] wát 'know'.)
A aorist 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 118), serving as)]aorist to ὁράω, Epic dialect ἴδον, iterative ἴδεσκε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.217)], late Aeolic dialect εὔιδον [Refs (“epigram Gr.” 990.11 (from Balbilla))]; imperative ἴδε (in Attic dialect written as adverb ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετ; subjunctive ἴδω, Epic dialect ἴδωμι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.63)]; optative ἴδοιμ; infinitive ἰδεῖν, Epic dialect ἰδέει; participle ἰδών: hence, future ἰδησῶ [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.37:)] —middle, aorist 2 εἰδόμην, Epic dialect ἰδόμην, in same sense, poetry, Ionic dialect, and later Prose (with genitive, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 430) (so in compounds, even in _Attic dialect_ Prose, see at {ἐπ-}, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην))]; imperative ἰδοῦ (frequently written as adverb ἰδού, ={ἰδέ}); subjunctive ἴδωμα; optative ἰδοίμη; infinitive ἰδέσθα; participle ἰδόμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.88, +others:)]
1 see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.587, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1020)]; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.126, compare 21.159)]; mark, observe, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.476, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.412, etc.: followed by _relative_ clause, ἴδωμ᾽ ὅτιν᾽ ἔργα τέτυκται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.450; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδ᾽ ἐστίν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.44)]: frequently in infinitive after substantive or adjective, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.725; οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 240; ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 620a.)]
1.b see a person, i.e. meet him, speak with him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.125, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.4.15, etc.)]
1.c see, i.e. experience, νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.233, etc.; δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 56; ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 835; τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν [prev. author] “Ant.” 1270 (Lyric poetry))]; ἀλόχου κουριδίης.. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.243.)]
2 look, ἰδεῖν ἐς.. look at or towards, [Refs (2.271, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί.. 23.143)]; πρός.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.244)]; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.373, etc.; κατ᾽ ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184, 17.334, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.78, etc.: qualified by)] adverb or adjective, ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.148, +others)]; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, [Refs (2.269)]; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 541 (Lyric poetry).)]
3 see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν 'to see in his mind's eye', [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.61, compare 4.249; ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 511a.)]
3.b examine, investigate, [Refs ([prev. author] “Phd.” 70e, “Tht.” 192e)]; consider, ἴδωμεν τί λέγομεν [Refs ([prev. author] “Grg.” 455a.)]
II middle, present εἴδομαι, Epic dialect ἐείδεται [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.58)], participle ἐειδόμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N..” 10.15:)]aorist εἰσάμην, Epic dialect participle ἐεισάμενος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.22, +others)]:—only Epic dialect and Lyric poetry, to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.559; εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98; εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319; ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον “epigram Gr.” 1034.19 (from Callipolis), compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.283)]; perhaps also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.191.)]
II.2 with infinitive, appear or seem to be, τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1.228; τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.11, etc.)]: with infinitive omitted, οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (19.283, etc.; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.472, compare 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.58)]; also, look like or make a show of.., εἴσατ᾽ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.283)]; εἴσατο δ᾽ ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, [Refs (5.281.)]
II.3 strictly middle, with dative, εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.791, compare 20.81; αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι 3rd c.BC: Rhianus Epicus 50)]: especially in participle, like, εἰδομένη κήρυκι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.280, etc.; τῷ δ᾽ ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.15; εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 771 (Lyric poetry); φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.69.)]
B perfect, οἶδα I know, used as present: pluperfect ᾔδεα (see. below), I knew, used as imperfect:—perfect οἶδα, Aeolic dialect ὄϊδα [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 145)]; 2nd pers. singular οἶδας once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.337, compare “hymnus ad Mercurium” 456, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 491, 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 89, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 67, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 780, 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 44.3 codices)]; οἶσθα elsewhere in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], Attic dialect, etc.; in Comedy texts also sometimes οἶσθας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 105, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 15.11, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 348.5, compare 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.55)]; plural, ἴσμεν, Epic dialect, Aeolic dialect, and Doric dialect ἴδμεν, also Ionic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, +others)]; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.211, +others, but ῑς- [prev. work] 283, +others)]; οἴδαμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.17, οἴδατε “Anthologia Graeca” 12.81 (1st c.BC: Meleager Epigrammaticus), οἴδᾱσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.43, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.14 codices; dual, οἴδατον 5th-4th c.BC: Socratis et Socraticorum Epistulae “Ep.” 22.1: _imperative_ ἴσθι, ἴστω, _Boeotian dialect_ ἴττω, late ἰδέτω 3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 122 codices: from _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἴσασι (ἴσαντι 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 53))] were formed Doric dialect 1st pers. singular ἴσᾱμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 254, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.248)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἴσατι [Refs (“IG” 14.644.4 (from Bruttii))]; 1st pers. plural ἴσᾰμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.14, ἴσαμες probably in “Dialexeis 5th c.BC” 6.12)]; Cretan dialect 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive ἴθθαντι [Refs (“GDI” 5024)]; infinitive ϝισάμην[Refs (Kohler-Ziebarth “Stadtrecht von Gortyn” 34 No.3.19)]; participle ἴσας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 175.19, _dative_ _sing._ ἴσαντι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.29, Cretan dialect _plural_ ἴθθαντες “GDI” 5024:)]subjunctive εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.235, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.236))], Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural εἰδέωσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 45.21 (Halic., 5th c.BC))]; Epic dialect also εἴδω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.174, +others (compare 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus Gr. 2.131), εἴδομεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.363, εἴδετε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.17: _optative_ εἰδείην)], 1st pers. plural εἰδεῖμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 190b, “R.” 582a)]: infinitive εἰδέναι, Epic dialect ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.25)]: participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Epic dialect also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς [Refs (“Schwyzer” 409)]:—pluperfect ᾔδεα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.71, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.150)], contraction ᾔδη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 18, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 511, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 119a, ᾔδησθα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.93, 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα)] frequently in codices, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 551, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 108, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 80d, +others), ᾔδεε (ν) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.402, +others, ᾔδη 1.70, +others)] (also later Attic dialect, accusative to [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd-2nd c.BC: Aristarchus Grammaticus cited in 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “Scholia in Theodosii Canones” 2.86), _Attic dialect_ _contraction_ ᾔδει (ν) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1187, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 558, etc.; _Epic dialect_ 2 and _3rd.pers._ _sing._ ἠείδης, ἠείδη)] (variant -εις, - ει), [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.280, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.206)]; Attic dialect also 1st pers. singular ᾔδειν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 37.24)], 2nd pers. singular ᾔδεις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 554, etc.; _plural_, ᾔδειμεν 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.82, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 87b40, ᾔδεμεν 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 14D. (to be read in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1232), ᾔδειτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 55.9, etc. (ᾔδετε probably in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1345))], Ionic dialect ᾐδέατε [LXX+6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.58 (συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX.Gen.42.23, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.175, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 54, etc.)]; late Epic dialect ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.65, 4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 149.4 (probably), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 340, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 231, etc.)]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἴσαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.405, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.772)]:—future, in this sense, εἴσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.548, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 20, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 332, etc.; also εἰδήσω 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.327, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.234, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.44, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 31.5, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 108a28, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 5.78, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Apollonius Pergaeus Geometra “Conica” 1 “Praef.”, etc.)]; infinitive εἰδησέμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.257.)] —The aorist and perfect are usually supplied by γιγνώσκ; aorist 1 infinitive εἰδῆσαι is found in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Acut.(Sp.”) 22, “Epid.” 6.8.25 (ἐξ-), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1156b27, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Char. Prooem.” 4; _imperative_ εἴδησον “PCair.Zen.” 36.2 (3rd c.BC))]; 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No.[Refs 2nd c.BC+ (190 (2nd-1st c.BC))]:—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.: with _accusative_ _of things_, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ᾽ ἐόντα τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.70)]; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.122, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.363, etc.: less frequently with _accusative_ _person_, τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.551, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.34, etc.)]; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.4: strengthened by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι)] know well, be assured of this, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 593; σάφ᾽ οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 740, etc.: frequently in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus with _neuter_)] adjective, to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.41)]; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248)]; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.277; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442)]: with genitive, ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.229; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412)]; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.202; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.823; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; παῖδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐόντ᾽ οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438)]; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (14.235, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.21, etc.: _imperative_, frequently in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός)] be Zeus my witness, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36, etc.)]; Boeotian dialect ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 860, etc.:)]participle εἰδώς, absolutely, one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ᾽ ἀγορεύω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.365; μετ᾽ εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.36, compare 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 337d, etc.)]; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.608, +others)]
B.2 with infinitive, know how to do, οἶδ᾽ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (7.238, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1010, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 376)]; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 664, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.40)]; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor Trall. “Febr.” 6)]; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]; learn, ἵν᾽ εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 729.)]
B.3 with participle, to know that such and such is the fact, the participle being in nominative when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.76; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 397)]: in accusative when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 234; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.69: with)]participle omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (i.e. ὄντα) [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.226a.)]
B.4 less frequently c.accusative et infinitive, πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 337, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.44; also εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι, μηδάμ᾽ ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 431; ἕν γ᾽ ἀκούσασ᾽ ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ᾽ ἐρεῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1005.)]
B.5 with accusative followed by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 332; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 323b, etc.)]
B.6 οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἰ.. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sometimes with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 48, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἴ τις ἄλλος)] perhaps no other, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.1, 12.10.)]
B.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως I know not how, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 40c b; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὁπόθεν [prev. author] “Cra.” 396d.)]
B.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are frequently parenthetic, οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 948; σάφ᾽ οἶδα [prev. work] 94, 963)]; also οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι, ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι, πάρειμι δ᾽ ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ᾽ ὅτι (i.e. πάρειμι) I know it well, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 276)]; οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, frequently in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, as 9.1, +others; σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 889:)] —οἶσθ᾽ ὅ, οἶσθ᾽ ὡς, with _imperative_, are common in Trag. and Comedy texts, οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1158, compare “Pax” 1051, etc.)]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 543)]; also οἶσθ᾽.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇ; [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 75)]; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1203: rarely with the)]future, οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyc.” 131, compare “Med.” 600 codices)]
no active present in use, ὁράω being used:—middle, see.below [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11)]: aorist 2 εἶδον always in sense of see (so in present and aorist 1 middle, to be seen, i.e. seem): but perfect οἶδα, in present sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, compare (ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Latin videre; with (ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Sanskrit véda, Gothic wait, O[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] wát 'know'.)
A aorist 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 118), serving as)]aorist to ὁράω, Epic dialect ἴδον, iterative ἴδεσκε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.217)], late Aeolic dialect εὔιδον [Refs (“epigram Gr.” 990.11 (from Balbilla))]; imperative ἴδε (in Attic dialect written as adverb ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετ; subjunctive ἴδω, Epic dialect ἴδωμι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.63)]; optative ἴδοιμ; infinitive ἰδεῖν, Epic dialect ἰδέει; participle ἰδών: hence, future ἰδησῶ [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 3.37:)] —middle, aorist 2 εἰδόμην, Epic dialect ἰδόμην, in same sense, poetry, Ionic dialect, and later Prose (with genitive, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 430) (so in compounds, even in _Attic dialect_ Prose, see at {ἐπ-}, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην))]; imperative ἰδοῦ (frequently written as adverb ἰδού, ={ἰδέ}); subjunctive ἴδωμα; optative ἰδοίμη; infinitive ἰδέσθα; participle ἰδόμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.88, +others:)]
1 see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.587, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1020)]; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.126, compare 21.159)]; mark, observe, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.476, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.412, etc.: followed by _relative_ clause, ἴδωμ᾽ ὅτιν᾽ ἔργα τέτυκται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.450; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδ᾽ ἐστίν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.44)]: frequently in infinitive after substantive or adjective, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.725; οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 240; ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 620a.)]
1.b see a person, i.e. meet him, speak with him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.125, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.4.15, etc.)]
1.c see, i.e. experience, νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.233, etc.; δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 56; ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 835; τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν [prev. author] “Ant.” 1270 (Lyric poetry))]; ἀλόχου κουριδίης.. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.243.)]
2 look, ἰδεῖν ἐς.. look at or towards, [Refs (2.271, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί.. 23.143)]; πρός.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.244)]; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.373, etc.; κατ᾽ ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184, 17.334, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.78, etc.: qualified by)] adverb or adjective, ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.148, +others)]; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, [Refs (2.269)]; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 541 (Lyric poetry).)]
3 see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν 'to see in his mind's eye', [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.61, compare 4.249; ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 511a.)]
3.b examine, investigate, [Refs ([prev. author] “Phd.” 70e, “Tht.” 192e)]; consider, ἴδωμεν τί λέγομεν [Refs ([prev. author] “Grg.” 455a.)]
II middle, present εἴδομαι, Epic dialect ἐείδεται [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.58)], participle ἐειδόμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N..” 10.15:)]aorist εἰσάμην, Epic dialect participle ἐεισάμενος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.22, +others)]:—only Epic dialect and Lyric poetry, to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.559; εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98; εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319; ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον “epigram Gr.” 1034.19 (from Callipolis), compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.283)]; perhaps also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.191.)]
II.2 with infinitive, appear or seem to be, τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1.228; τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.11, etc.)]: with infinitive omitted, οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (19.283, etc.; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.472, compare 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.58)]; also, look like or make a show of.., εἴσατ᾽ ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.283)]; εἴσατο δ᾽ ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, [Refs (5.281.)]
II.3 strictly middle, with dative, εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.791, compare 20.81; αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι 3rd c.BC: Rhianus Epicus 50)]: especially in participle, like, εἰδομένη κήρυκι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.280, etc.; τῷ δ᾽ ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.15; εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 771 (Lyric poetry); φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.69.)]
B perfect, οἶδα I know, used as present: pluperfect ᾔδεα (see. below), I knew, used as imperfect:—perfect οἶδα, Aeolic dialect ὄϊδα [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 145)]; 2nd pers. singular οἶδας once in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.337, compare “hymnus ad Mercurium” 456, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 491, 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 89, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 67, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 780, 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 44.3 codices)]; οἶσθα elsewhere in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)], Attic dialect, etc.; in Comedy texts also sometimes οἶσθας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 105, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 15.11, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 348.5, compare 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.55)]; plural, ἴσμεν, Epic dialect, Aeolic dialect, and Doric dialect ἴδμεν, also Ionic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, +others)]; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.211, +others, but ῑς- [prev. work] 283, +others)]; οἴδαμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.17, οἴδατε “Anthologia Graeca” 12.81 (1st c.BC: Meleager Epigrammaticus), οἴδᾱσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.43, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.14 codices; dual, οἴδατον 5th-4th c.BC: Socratis et Socraticorum Epistulae “Ep.” 22.1: _imperative_ ἴσθι, ἴστω, _Boeotian dialect_ ἴττω, late ἰδέτω 3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 122 codices: from _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἴσασι (ἴσαντι 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 53))] were formed Doric dialect 1st pers. singular ἴσᾱμι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 254, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.248)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἴσατι [Refs (“IG” 14.644.4 (from Bruttii))]; 1st pers. plural ἴσᾰμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.14, ἴσαμες probably in “Dialexeis 5th c.BC” 6.12)]; Cretan dialect 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive ἴθθαντι [Refs (“GDI” 5024)]; infinitive ϝισάμην[Refs (Kohler-Ziebarth “Stadtrecht von Gortyn” 34 No.3.19)]; participle ἴσας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 175.19, _dative_ _sing._ ἴσαντι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.29, Cretan dialect _plural_ ἴθθαντες “GDI” 5024:)]subjunctive εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.235, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.236))], Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. plural εἰδέωσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 45.21 (Halic., 5th c.BC))]; Epic dialect also εἴδω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.174, +others (compare 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus Gr. 2.131), εἴδομεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.363, εἴδετε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.17: _optative_ εἰδείην)], 1st pers. plural εἰδεῖμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 190b, “R.” 582a)]: infinitive εἰδέναι, Epic dialect ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.25)]: participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Epic dialect also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς [Refs (“Schwyzer” 409)]:—pluperfect ᾔδεα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.71, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.150)], contraction ᾔδη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 18, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 511, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 119a, ᾔδησθα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.93, 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα)] frequently in codices, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 551, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 108, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 80d, +others), ᾔδεε (ν) 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.402, +others, ᾔδη 1.70, +others)] (also later Attic dialect, accusative to [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd-2nd c.BC: Aristarchus Grammaticus cited in 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “Scholia in Theodosii Canones” 2.86), _Attic dialect_ _contraction_ ᾔδει (ν) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1187, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 558, etc.; _Epic dialect_ 2 and _3rd.pers._ _sing._ ἠείδης, ἠείδη)] (variant -εις, - ει), [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.280, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.206)]; Attic dialect also 1st pers. singular ᾔδειν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 37.24)], 2nd pers. singular ᾔδεις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 554, etc.; _plural_, ᾔδειμεν 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.82, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 87b40, ᾔδεμεν 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 14D. (to be read in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1232), ᾔδειτε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 55.9, etc. (ᾔδετε probably in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 1345))], Ionic dialect ᾐδέατε [LXX+6th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.58 (συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX.Gen.42.23, 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.175, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 54, etc.)]; late Epic dialect ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.65, 4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 149.4 (probably), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 340, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 231, etc.)]; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἴσαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.405, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.772)]:—future, in this sense, εἴσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.548, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 20, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 332, etc.; also εἰδήσω 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.327, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.234, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.44, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 31.5, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 108a28, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 5.78, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Apollonius Pergaeus Geometra “Conica” 1 “Praef.”, etc.)]; infinitive εἰδησέμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.257.)] —The aorist and perfect are usually supplied by γιγνώσκ; aorist 1 infinitive εἰδῆσαι is found in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Acut.(Sp.”) 22, “Epid.” 6.8.25 (ἐξ-), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1156b27, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Char. Prooem.” 4; _imperative_ εἴδησον “PCair.Zen.” 36.2 (3rd c.BC))]; 3rd.pers. plural subjunctive εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No.[Refs 2nd c.BC+ (190 (2nd-1st c.BC))]:—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.: with _accusative_ _of things_, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ᾽ ἐόντα τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.70)]; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.122, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.363, etc.: less frequently with _accusative_ _person_, τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.551, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 365e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.34, etc.)]; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.4: strengthened by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι)] know well, be assured of this, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 593; σάφ᾽ οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 740, etc.: frequently in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus with _neuter_)] adjective, to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.41)]; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248)]; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.277; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442)]: with genitive, ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.229; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412)]; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.202; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.823; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; παῖδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐόντ᾽ οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438)]; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him,[Refs 5th c.BC+ (14.235, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.21, etc.: _imperative_, frequently in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός)] be Zeus my witness, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36, etc.)]; Boeotian dialect ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 860, etc.:)]participle εἰδώς, absolutely, one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ᾽ ἀγορεύω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.365; μετ᾽ εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.36, compare 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 337d, etc.)]; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.608, +others)]
B.2 with infinitive, know how to do, οἶδ᾽ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (7.238, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1010, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 376)]; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 664, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.40)]; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor Trall. “Febr.” 6)]; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]; learn, ἵν᾽ εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 729.)]
B.3 with participle, to know that such and such is the fact, the participle being in nominative when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.76; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 397)]: in accusative when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 234; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.69: with)]participle omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (i.e. ὄντα) [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.226a.)]
B.4 less frequently c.accusative et infinitive, πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 337, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.44; also εὖ τόδ᾽ ἴσθι, μηδάμ᾽ ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 431; ἕν γ᾽ ἀκούσασ᾽ ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ᾽ ἐρεῖν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1005.)]
B.5 with accusative followed by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 332; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 323b, etc.)]
B.6 οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἰ.. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sometimes with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 48, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἴ τις ἄλλος)] perhaps no other, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.1, 12.10.)]
B.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως I know not how, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 40c b; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὁπόθεν [prev. author] “Cra.” 396d.)]
B.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are frequently parenthetic, οἶδ᾽ ἐγώ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 948; σάφ᾽ οἶδα [prev. work] 94, 963)]; also οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι, ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι, πάρειμι δ᾽ ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ᾽ ὅτι (i.e. πάρειμι) I know it well, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 276)]; οἶδ᾽ ὅτι, frequently in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator, as 9.1, +others; σάφ᾽ ἴσθ᾽ ὅτι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 889:)] —οἶσθ᾽ ὅ, οἶσθ᾽ ὡς, with _imperative_, are common in Trag. and Comedy texts, οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1158, compare “Pax” 1051, etc.)]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 543)]; also οἶσθ᾽.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇ; [Refs ([prev. author] “OC” 75)]; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1203: rarely with the)]future, οἶσθ᾽ οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); [Refs ([prev. author] “Cyc.” 131, compare “Med.” 600 codices)]