Strong G1895ἐπειδήπερ

Included with: ἐπεί,
conjunction, both temporal and causal; also ἐπειδή, ἐπείτε. OF TIME (ἐπειδή is more frequently in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus downwards:)]
I with Ind.,
I.1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly with aorist, ἐπεί π᾽ εὔξαντο after they had prayed, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.458; ἐπειδὴ ἐτελεύτησε Δαρεῖος καὶ κατέστη Ἀρταξέρξης)]after [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator had died and 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus had succeeded, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.3)]: rarely with imperfect, ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ᾽ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1354; ἐ. πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 260; ἐ. ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.1: with)]pluperfect, ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.42)]; but generally the aorist is found, the pluperfect being used only for special emphasis: with imperfect to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.5.27.)]
I.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, ={ἐξ οὗ}, from the time when, since, mostly with aorist, πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.2)]; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8. ; ἐπειδήπερ ὑπέστη 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.68; δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ᾽ ἐ... ἦραν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 40: sometimes with)]present (used in perfect sense) and perfect, ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 15)]; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.117.)]
II with Subj., ἄν being always added in Attic dialect Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Comedy texts, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1175, “Av.” 983), later ἐπάν (which see))], Ionic dialect ἐπεάν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (“Schwyzer” 800 (6th c.BC), 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.153, +others, ἐπήν 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀγμῶν” 6, +others, and ἐπειδή with ἄν ἐπειδάν (which see); 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus has ἐπεί κε, ἐπήν (once ἐπεὶ ἄν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.412):)]
II.1 referring to future time with future apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.238; ἐ. κ᾽ ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται 11.764. compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.23; ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.153)]; ταῦτ᾽, ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ᾽ ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.16, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.29; ἐ. ἂν σύ γε πότμον ἐπίσπῃς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.412)]; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.34.)]
II.2 of repeated action, with a present apodosis, whenever, when once, δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.221, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.409)]; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34)]; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, [Refs ([prev. passage]: sometimes without ἄν or)] κε in Poets, ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ᾽ ἀμφικαλύψῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.86; ἐ. δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται.. ὀϊστός 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.478, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1225 (Lyric poetry), “Ant.” 1025.)]
II.3 like [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.2, δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ)] within ten days from the passing of the resolution, [Refs (“IG” 12.88.7.)]
III with Opt. (without ἄν):
III.1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (i.e. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 516a: 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus sometimes uses ἐπήν with _optative_ in same sense as ἐπεί, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.227, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.105 (codices), etc.)]
III.2 more frequently of repeated action, with a past apodosis, ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.14; ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.5.9; ἐ. πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει [prev. author] “Cyr.” 5.3.55, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.38, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59d, “Prt.” 315b.)]
III.3 in indirect speech after past tenses, representing a subjunctive in direct speech, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.2.27, compare 3.5.18, “Cyr.” 1.4.21)]; after optative in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο, ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.80.)]
III.4 by assimilation to optative in principal clause, ἦ τ᾽ ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.208; ὃς τὸ καταβρόξειεν ἐπεὶ κρητῆρι μιγείη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.222.)]
III.5 ἐπειδάν with optative is falsa lectio in some passages of early authors, as [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.11, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 30.6 (with _indicative_, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 13.7.8))]: found in later Gr., [Refs 1st c.BC+ (6th c.AD: Agathias Historicus et Epigrammaticus 2.5, +others, 1st c.BC: Zosimus Epigrammaticus 5.18.10.)]
IV with Inf., only in indirect speech, ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (i.e. ἔφη) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 619c, compare “Smp.” 174d, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.10, 7.150.)]
V with other words:
V.1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, frequently separated by a word, ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.2.6; ἐ. δὲ τάχιστα διέβη [prev. author] “Cyr.” 3.3.22; ἐ. θᾶττον 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1284a40; ἐ. εὐθέως 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 3.2.4; ἐ... αὐτίκα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 1.35; ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 310c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.16; ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.144, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.1.9; rarely ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 37.41; ἐπειδὰν θᾶττον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 325c.)]
V.1.b ἐ. τὰ πρῶτα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.420; ἐ. τὸ πρῶτον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1287.)]
V.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.426)]; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.57, 3.4; ἐπεὶ ὦν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.9; ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή [prev. author] 9.90, etc.)]
B CAUSAL (ἐπεί more frequently in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, [Refs (“IG” 22.103, etc.; ἐπειδήπερ)]inasmuch as, NT.Luke.1.1), since, seeing that, frequently from [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus downwards:)]
B.1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses), ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.119, compare 153, 278, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 4.16, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.4; ἐπειδή 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.80; ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 335c; νίκη δ᾽ ἐπείπερ ἕσπετ᾽, ἐμπέδως μένοι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 854)]; frequently with past tenses with ἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ᾽ ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ᾽ ἄν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1037; ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γ᾽ ἐτελέσθη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.228, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.49)]; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ᾽· ἐπεὶ οὐδ᾽ ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἔχοντ᾽ (i.e. εἷλεν) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 948)]: especially in the sense, for otherwise.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 9.29, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 433, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.7.14, 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.72, etc.: so with)]future, ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., [Refs (“Rev.Et.Anc.” 4.261 (near Smyrna): with _imperative_, ἐ. δίδαξον)] for teach me, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 352, “OC” 969, compare “OT” 390, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 73, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 473e)]: with an interrogative, ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσεια; for how would you call him? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 688, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 7.5, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 214, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 139 (Lyric poetry); ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τίνος Ἀθηναῖοι διανοοῦνται βουλεύεσθαι, ἀνίστασαι συμβουλεύσω; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Alcaeus1.106c.)]
B.2 with Opt., ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.304, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 916)]; so after past tenses on the principle of indirect speech, ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.19.)]
B.3 with Inf. in indirect speech, ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 353a, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.111, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.93.)]
B.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ᾽ εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 335c)]; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον [Refs ([prev. passage] (here the sense may be given by)]and yet, although, compare [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 333c, 317a, “Ap.” 19e, “Smp.” 187a, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1121a19))]; ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4c.)]
B.4.b sometimes after a vocative, where 'listen' may be supplied, Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ᾽ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.59, compare 13.68, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.103, 211.)]
B.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.185)]; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.352, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 171), more emphatic than ἐ.,)] since indeed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 181, “Hipp.” 955)]; ἐπειδή γε[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 946, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 77d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.29; sometimes separated, ἐπειδή.. γε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 631, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 87c; ἐ. γε δή 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.9, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 923, ἐπειδή γε καί 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18)]; ἐ. ἦ since in truth, ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.169, compare 156, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.276)]; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.447, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.181) in Trag. and Prose, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 822, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 75, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 114d)]; ἐπειδήπερ in Comedy texts and Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 437, 495, “Nu.” 1412, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 350e)]; ἐ. τοι since surely, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 433; ἐ. νύ τοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.416; ἐ. τοι καί 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 677, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 567e. [ἐ.)] sometimes begins a verse in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.379, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.13, 8.452, 21.25)]; sometimes coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 446, 948, etc.])]