Strong G1839ἐξίστημι
to amaze
- Transliteration
- existēmi
- Pronunciation
- ex-is'-tay-mee
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Detailed definition
ἐξ-ίστημι (also in Hellenistic -ιστάνω, Act 8:9),
[in LXX for H2730, etc. (29 words in all);],
1. causal in Pres., impf., fut., 1 aor., to put out of its place; metaphorically, ἐ. τινά φρενῶν (Eur.), to drive one out of his senses, hence, absol., to confound, amaze: with accusative of person(s), Luk.24:22, Act.8:9, 11.
2. Intr. in pass. and mid., also in 2 aor., pf., plpf. act., before ἐκ or with genitive, to stand aside from, retire from; esp. τ. φρενῶν, to lose one's senses (Eur.), hence, absol.;
__(a) to be beside oneself, be mad: Mrk.3:21, 2Co.5:13 (opposite to σωφρονεῖν);
__(b) to be amazed, confounded: Mat.12:23, Mrk.2:12 Mrk.5:42 Mrk.6:51, Luk.2:47 Luk.8:56, Act.2:7, 12 Act.8:13 Act.9:21 Act.10:45 Act.12:16 (Cremer, 309).†
(AS)
[in LXX for H2730, etc. (29 words in all);],
1. causal in Pres., impf., fut., 1 aor., to put out of its place; metaphorically, ἐ. τινά φρενῶν (Eur.), to drive one out of his senses, hence, absol., to confound, amaze: with accusative of person(s), Luk.24:22, Act.8:9, 11.
2. Intr. in pass. and mid., also in 2 aor., pf., plpf. act., before ἐκ or with genitive, to stand aside from, retire from; esp. τ. φρενῶν, to lose one's senses (Eur.), hence, absol.;
__(a) to be beside oneself, be mad: Mrk.3:21, 2Co.5:13 (opposite to σωφρονεῖν);
__(b) to be amazed, confounded: Mat.12:23, Mrk.2:12 Mrk.5:42 Mrk.6:51, Luk.2:47 Luk.8:56, Act.2:7, 12 Act.8:13 Act.9:21 Act.10:45 Act.12:16 (Cremer, 309).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G1839 appears in 17 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- amaze6
- astonish6
- be4
- bewitch2
- make1
- wonder1
First verses
- Matthew 12:23And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David?
- Mark 2:12And immediately he arose, took up the bed, and went forth before them all; insomuch that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, We never saw it on this fashion.
- Mark 3:21And when his friends heard of it, they went out to lay hold on him: for they said, He is beside himself.
- Mark 5:42And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was of the age of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great astonishment.
- Mark 6:51And he went up unto them into the ship; and the wind ceased: and they were sore amazed in themselves beyond measure, and wondered.
- Luke 2:47And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.
- Luke 8:56And her parents were astonished: but he charged them that they should tell no man what was done.
- Luke 24:22Yea, and certain women also of our company made us astonished, which were early at the sepulchre;
- Acts 2:7And they were all amazed and marvelled, saying one to another, Behold, are not all these which speak Galileans?
- Acts 2:12And they were all amazed, and were in doubt, saying one to another, What meaneth this?
- Acts 8:9But there was a certain man, called Simon, which beforetime in the same city used sorcery, and bewitched the people of Samaria, giving out that himself was some great one:
- Acts 8:11And to him they had regard, because that of long time he had bewitched them with sorceries.
- Acts 8:13Then Simon himself believed also: and when he was baptized, he continued with Philip, and wondered, beholding the miracles and signs which were done.
- Acts 9:21But all that heard him were amazed, and said; Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief priests?
- Acts 10:45And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.
- Acts 12:16But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.
- 2 Corinthians 5:13For whether we be beside ourselves, it is to God: or whether we be sober, it is for your cause.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
ἐξίστημι,
causal in present, imperfect, future, aorist 1:—displace: hence, change, alter utterly, τὰν φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 100c, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1119a23, compare 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 6.2.7; τὴν πολιτείαν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cicero” 10; ἐ. τῆς ποιότητος τὸν οἶνον [prev. author] 2.702a.)]
2 metaphorically, ἐξιστάναι τινὰ φρενῶν drive one out of his senses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 850; νοῦ οἶνος ἐξέστησέ με 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 265; τοῦ φρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.12; ταῦτα κινεῖ, ταῦτα ἐξίστησιν ἀνθρώπους αὑτῶν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.72)]; simply ἐ. τινά drive one out of his senses, confound, amaze, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Κωακαὶ προγνώσιες” 429; ἐξιστάντα καὶ φοβοῦντα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους 1st c.AD: Musonius Philosophus “fragment” 8p.35H.; ἐξίστησι)]diverts the attention, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1408b23)]; excite,[NT ([prev. work] 36, NT.Luke.24.22)]; τὸν λογισμόν, τὴν διάνοιαν, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Solon” 21, “Crass.” 23; also ἐ. τινὰ τῶν λογισμῶν [prev. author] “Fab.” 5; εἰς ἀπάθειαν ἐ. τὴν ψυχήν [prev. author] “Publ.” 6.)]
3 get rid of, dispose of the claims of a person, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“Sammelb.” 5246.14 (1st c.BC), etc.)]
4 ἐξεστᾰκότα (ἐξεστηκότα codex): εἰς δίκην κεκληκότα, [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus)]
B intransitive in passive and middle, with aorist 2, perfect, and pluperfect active:
B.1 of Place, arise out of, become separated, ἐξ.. ἵστατο Νεῖκος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 36, compare 35.10)]; stand aside from, ἐκστάντες τῆς ὁδοῦ out of the way, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.76; ἐκ τοῦ μέσου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.14)]; θάκων καὶ ὁδῶν ἐ. [τινί] stand out of the way forhim, make way for him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Smp.” 4.31; ἐκστῆναί τινι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1053, “Aj.” 672, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 354, etc.)]: absolutely, in same sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1229 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 617, etc.: _metaphorically_, ἐξ ἕδρας σοι πλόκαμος ἐξέστηχ᾽)]is displaced, disordered, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 928; οὐδὲ μένει νοῦς.. ἀλλ᾽ ἐξίσταται 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 564.)]
B.2 with accusative, shrink from, shun, νιν οὐκ ἂν ἐξέστην ὄκνῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Aj.” 82; οὐδέν᾽ ἐξίσταμαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.319; οὐδένα πώποτε κίνδυνον ἐξέστησαν [prev. author] 20.10.)]
B.3 go out of joint, ἐ. ἰσχίον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 6.59, compare “Fract.” 14, 6.)]
B.II with genitive of things, retire from, give up possession of, τῆς ἀρχῆς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.63, 4.28)]; ἐκστῆναι τῆς οὐσίας, ἁπάντων τῶν ὄντων, become bankrupt, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.9, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.50; τῶν ὑπαρχόντων “BGU” 473.11 (2nd c.AD).)]
B.II.2 cease from, abandon, τῆς φιλίας, τῶν μαθημάτων, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 8.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.54)]; τῶν σπουδασμάτων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 249c, etc.; οἱ τῶν πολιτικῶν ἐξεστηκότες 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.171; τῆς ὑποθέσεως 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 10.46)]; τῶν πεπραγμένων, i.e. disown them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.72; ἐ. τινὸς εἴς τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 907d)]; also ἐ. ἄθλου τινί, στρατηγίας τινί, abandon it in his favour, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Nicolaus Damascenus Historicus 73J., 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Nicias” 7; τῆς Σικελίας τινι [prev. author] “Pomp.” 10.)]
B.II.3 ἐκστῆναι πατρός lose one's father, give him up, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 477)]; καρδίας ἐξίσταμαι τὸ δρᾶν I depart from my heart's purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1105)]; especially φρενῶν ἐκστῆναι lose one's senses. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1021, etc.; διὰ τὸ γῆρας τοῦ φρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.18; ἐμαυτοῦ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.4, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 276; ψυχὴ ἐξεστηκυῖα τῶν λογισμῶν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 32.15.8)]: absolutely, to be out of one's wits, be distraught, ἐ. μελαγχολικῶς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προρρητικόν” 1.18, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 64, etc.; ἐξέστην ἰδών 4th-3rd c.BC: Philippides Comicus 27; ἐ. ὑπὸ γήρως “Comica Adespota” 860)]; ταῖς διανοίαις Vett. Val.70.25; ἐξίστασθαι καὶ μαίνεσθαι πρὸς τὴν ὀσμήν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 577a12)]; of anger, εὐθέως ἐξστησόμενος [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Ir.” p.78 W.)]; to be astonished, amazed, [NT (NT.Matt.12.23, NT.Mark.2.12, etc.)]; lose consciousness, of Sisera, [LXX (LXX.Josh.4.21.)]
B.II.4 ἐξίστασθαι τῆς αὑτοῦ ἰδέας depart from, degenerate from one's own nature, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 380d; ἐκ τῆς αὑτοῦ φύσεως 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 488b19; [δημοκρατία] ἐξεστηκυῖα τῆς βελτίστης τάξεως [prev. author] “Pol.” 1309b32)]; αἱ δημοκρατίαι ἐ. εἰς τὰς ἐναντίας πολιτείας degenerate into..,[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1306b18, compare “Rh.” 1390b28: _absolutely_, ἐ. μὴ μεταφυτευόμενον 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.7.6, etc., compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.649e; χυμὸς ἐξιστάμενος)]changing its properties, turning, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 24)]; οἶνος ἐξεστηκώς or ἐξιστάμενος changed, sour wine, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 35.32, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 6.7.5)]; πρόσωπα ἐξεστηκότα disfigured faces, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.34.)]
B.II.5 absolutely, change one's position, one's opinion, ἐγὼ μὲν ὁ αὐτός εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἐξίσταμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.61: opposed to ἐμμένειν τῇ δόξῃ, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1151b4.)]
B.II.6 of language, to be removed from common usage, [Refs ([prev. author] “Rh.” 1404b13.)]
B.III stand out, project, ἐξεστηκός convex, opposed to κοῖλον, [Refs ([prev. author] “HA” 493b4.)]
causal in present, imperfect, future, aorist 1:—displace: hence, change, alter utterly, τὰν φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 100c, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1119a23, compare 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 6.2.7; τὴν πολιτείαν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cicero” 10; ἐ. τῆς ποιότητος τὸν οἶνον [prev. author] 2.702a.)]
2 metaphorically, ἐξιστάναι τινὰ φρενῶν drive one out of his senses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 850; νοῦ οἶνος ἐξέστησέ με 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 265; τοῦ φρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.12; ταῦτα κινεῖ, ταῦτα ἐξίστησιν ἀνθρώπους αὑτῶν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.72)]; simply ἐ. τινά drive one out of his senses, confound, amaze, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Κωακαὶ προγνώσιες” 429; ἐξιστάντα καὶ φοβοῦντα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους 1st c.AD: Musonius Philosophus “fragment” 8p.35H.; ἐξίστησι)]diverts the attention, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1408b23)]; excite,[NT ([prev. work] 36, NT.Luke.24.22)]; τὸν λογισμόν, τὴν διάνοιαν, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Solon” 21, “Crass.” 23; also ἐ. τινὰ τῶν λογισμῶν [prev. author] “Fab.” 5; εἰς ἀπάθειαν ἐ. τὴν ψυχήν [prev. author] “Publ.” 6.)]
3 get rid of, dispose of the claims of a person, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“Sammelb.” 5246.14 (1st c.BC), etc.)]
4 ἐξεστᾰκότα (ἐξεστηκότα codex): εἰς δίκην κεκληκότα, [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus)]
B intransitive in passive and middle, with aorist 2, perfect, and pluperfect active:
B.1 of Place, arise out of, become separated, ἐξ.. ἵστατο Νεῖκος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 36, compare 35.10)]; stand aside from, ἐκστάντες τῆς ὁδοῦ out of the way, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.76; ἐκ τοῦ μέσου 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.14)]; θάκων καὶ ὁδῶν ἐ. [τινί] stand out of the way forhim, make way for him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Smp.” 4.31; ἐκστῆναί τινι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1053, “Aj.” 672, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 354, etc.)]: absolutely, in same sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1229 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 617, etc.: _metaphorically_, ἐξ ἕδρας σοι πλόκαμος ἐξέστηχ᾽)]is displaced, disordered, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 928; οὐδὲ μένει νοῦς.. ἀλλ᾽ ἐξίσταται 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 564.)]
B.2 with accusative, shrink from, shun, νιν οὐκ ἂν ἐξέστην ὄκνῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Aj.” 82; οὐδέν᾽ ἐξίσταμαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.319; οὐδένα πώποτε κίνδυνον ἐξέστησαν [prev. author] 20.10.)]
B.3 go out of joint, ἐ. ἰσχίον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 6.59, compare “Fract.” 14, 6.)]
B.II with genitive of things, retire from, give up possession of, τῆς ἀρχῆς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.63, 4.28)]; ἐκστῆναι τῆς οὐσίας, ἁπάντων τῶν ὄντων, become bankrupt, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.9, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 36.50; τῶν ὑπαρχόντων “BGU” 473.11 (2nd c.AD).)]
B.II.2 cease from, abandon, τῆς φιλίας, τῶν μαθημάτων, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 8.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.54)]; τῶν σπουδασμάτων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 249c, etc.; οἱ τῶν πολιτικῶν ἐξεστηκότες 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.171; τῆς ὑποθέσεως 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 10.46)]; τῶν πεπραγμένων, i.e. disown them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.72; ἐ. τινὸς εἴς τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 907d)]; also ἐ. ἄθλου τινί, στρατηγίας τινί, abandon it in his favour, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Nicolaus Damascenus Historicus 73J., 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Nicias” 7; τῆς Σικελίας τινι [prev. author] “Pomp.” 10.)]
B.II.3 ἐκστῆναι πατρός lose one's father, give him up, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 477)]; καρδίας ἐξίσταμαι τὸ δρᾶν I depart from my heart's purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1105)]; especially φρενῶν ἐκστῆναι lose one's senses. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1021, etc.; διὰ τὸ γῆρας τοῦ φρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.18; ἐμαυτοῦ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.4, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 276; ψυχὴ ἐξεστηκυῖα τῶν λογισμῶν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 32.15.8)]: absolutely, to be out of one's wits, be distraught, ἐ. μελαγχολικῶς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προρρητικόν” 1.18, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 64, etc.; ἐξέστην ἰδών 4th-3rd c.BC: Philippides Comicus 27; ἐ. ὑπὸ γήρως “Comica Adespota” 860)]; ταῖς διανοίαις Vett. Val.70.25; ἐξίστασθαι καὶ μαίνεσθαι πρὸς τὴν ὀσμήν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 577a12)]; of anger, εὐθέως ἐξστησόμενος [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Ir.” p.78 W.)]; to be astonished, amazed, [NT (NT.Matt.12.23, NT.Mark.2.12, etc.)]; lose consciousness, of Sisera, [LXX (LXX.Josh.4.21.)]
B.II.4 ἐξίστασθαι τῆς αὑτοῦ ἰδέας depart from, degenerate from one's own nature, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 380d; ἐκ τῆς αὑτοῦ φύσεως 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 488b19; [δημοκρατία] ἐξεστηκυῖα τῆς βελτίστης τάξεως [prev. author] “Pol.” 1309b32)]; αἱ δημοκρατίαι ἐ. εἰς τὰς ἐναντίας πολιτείας degenerate into..,[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1306b18, compare “Rh.” 1390b28: _absolutely_, ἐ. μὴ μεταφυτευόμενον 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 6.7.6, etc., compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.649e; χυμὸς ἐξιστάμενος)]changing its properties, turning, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 24)]; οἶνος ἐξεστηκώς or ἐξιστάμενος changed, sour wine, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 35.32, 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 6.7.5)]; πρόσωπα ἐξεστηκότα disfigured faces, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.34.)]
B.II.5 absolutely, change one's position, one's opinion, ἐγὼ μὲν ὁ αὐτός εἰμι καὶ οὐκ ἐξίσταμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.61: opposed to ἐμμένειν τῇ δόξῃ, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1151b4.)]
B.II.6 of language, to be removed from common usage, [Refs ([prev. author] “Rh.” 1404b13.)]
B.III stand out, project, ἐξεστηκός convex, opposed to κοῖλον, [Refs ([prev. author] “HA” 493b4.)]