Strong G5534χρή
to ought/need
- Transliteration
- chrē
- Pronunciation
- khray
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Detailed definition
χρή impers.
(χράω, see LS, see word),
it is necessary: Jas.3:10 (cf. δεῖ.).†
(AS)
(χράω, see LS, see word),
it is necessary: Jas.3:10 (cf. δεῖ.).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5534 appears in 1 verse of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- ought1
First verses
- James 3:10Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not so to be.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
χρή,
impersonal, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.216, etc.)]; Aeolic dialect χρῆ [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 20, 35, 46)]; other forms are contractions (crases) of χρή (probably originally a neuter substantive) with forms of εἰμί (sum): future χρἤσται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 504, “fragment” 599, 5th c.BC: Pherecrates Comicus 103, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 362, 5th c.BC: Phrynichus Comicus 34 (on this form, for which codices generally have χρῆσται or χρῆσθαι, see Scholia 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “OC” [same place]))]: subjunctive χρῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 999, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 49, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 133; _optative_ χρείη 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 215, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 162, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.44, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4c)]; infinitive χρῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 276, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 210, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.84, etc.)]; also χρῆν (see. below 111); participle neuter plural χρηεόντα (or χρὴ ἐόντα) [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 174)]: imperfect ἐχρῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.44, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 907, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 107.6 (only here in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, χρῆν l. 5), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 152, +others, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.114, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.22, +others, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.57, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 335c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.3, +others, etc.)]: frequently also without the augment, χρῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 123.1, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 529, 579, “Tr.” 1133, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 535 (_anapaest meter_), +others, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 8.6, +others, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.63, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.33, +others, etc.)]; both forms in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 540, ἐρεῖ τις, οὐ χρῆν· ἀλλὰ τί ἐχρῆν εἴπατε)]: future χρήδει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8)]: —it is necessary: with infinitive praes. aut aorist, it must needs, one must or ought to do (like δεῖ, which is only once used in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus), νῦν δὲ χ. τετλάμεν ἔμπης 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.209; τὸν νῦν χ. κομέειν 6.207, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.216, 4.57, etc.; σήμαιν᾽ ὅ τι χ. σοι συμπράσσειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 297 (_anapaest meter_))]; ὅτι χ. πάσχειν ἐθέλω[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1067; ὅ τι χρείη ποιεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4c, compare 9a; τούτου θανειν χρῆν αὐτὸν οὕνεκ᾽ ἐκ σέθε; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 579; χρὴ τὸ λέγειν 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 6.1)]: more frequently with accusative person et infinitive, one must, ἐμὲ δὲ χ. γήραϊ πείθεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.644; τῷ σε χ. πόλεμον.. παῦσαι 7.331)]; οὐδέ τί σε χ. νηλεὲς ἦτορ ἔχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (9.496; τί χ. με.. στέγειν ἢ τί λέγει; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 135 (Lyric poetry): χρῆν γὰρ Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς (where γενέσθαι is _infinitive_ of an _impersonal_ verb) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8.)]—Sts. the infinitive must be supplied from the context, especially in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus in phrases like{τίπτε μάχης. ἀποπαύεα; οὐδέ τί σε χρή})] (i.e. ἀποπαύεσθαι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.721, compare 19.420)]; ὅθι χ. πεζὸν ἐόντα (i.e. μάρνασθαι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.50)]; so in Trag. and Attic dialect, πορθεῖν ἃ μὴ χ. (i.e. πορθεῖν) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 342)]; φύς τ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ὧν οὐ χρῆν (i.e. φῦναι), ξὺν οἷς τ᾽ οὐ χρῆν (i.e. ὁμιλεῖν) ὁμιλῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1184)]; ἔκανες ὃν οὐ χρῆν (i.e. κτεῖναι) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 930)]; ἐπιπλεύσειέ τις ὡς χ. (i.e. ἐπιπλεῦσαι) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.89)]; θύσαντες οἷς χ. (i.e. θῦσαι) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 415e; ἀκαιρότερον ὄντα ἢ χ. [prev. author] “Plt.” 307e; λαλεῖν μετὰ ἀφελείας ἔνθα χ. 3rd c.AD: Longinus Rhetor 34.2.; so ὡς χ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1556 (_anapaest meter_), etc.)] —The imperfect frequently expresses something that ought to have been, but is not, ἐνθάδ᾽ οὐ παραστατεῖ, ὡς χρῆν, Ὀρέστης[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 879, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1133; and sometimes stands for χρή, χρῆν τι λέγειν ὑμᾶς σοφὸν ῳ νικήσετε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 487 (_anapaest meter_), compare 432: _absolutely_, ἐρεῖτις, οὐ χρῆν· ἀλλὰτί ἐχρῆν εἴπατε [prev. author] “Ach.” 540.)]
2 in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus without)]infinitive, with accusative person et genitive of things, οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ ἀφρποσύνης thou hast no need of imprudence, i. e. it does not befit thee, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.109; οὐ μέν σε χ. ἔτ᾽ αἰδοῦς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.14; τί με χ. μητέρος αἴνο; 21.110)]; μυθήσεαι ὅττεό (i.e. ὅτου) σε χ. [Refs (1.124; τέο σε χ.; 4.463: τί χρὴ φίλων)] is found in most codices of [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 667 (δεῖ codex V).)]
3 with dative person pro accusative is not found; in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.490, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 3)], the dative belongs to the infinitive μέλει; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 736)] Dobree restored με for γ; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 886 ᾗ)] depends on μετεῖνα; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Ion” 1316 Dobree read τοὺς δέ γ᾽ ἐνδίκους, and in 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 28.10 δικαίους.. ὑφελομένους was restored by Cobet.)]
II sometimes in a less strong sense, πῶς τοῦτο περᾶσαι χρ; how is one to get through this? [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.45)]; τί ἐχρῆν με ποιεῖ; what was I to do? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.28)]; ἓν οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα ὅτι χρῆν προσφερόντας ὠφελεῖν there was no one remedy by the application of which one could (or was bound to) help them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51, compare 1.91.)]
III τὸ χρῆν (infinitive) fate, destiny, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 260 (assuming variant, τὸ χρὴ Nauck))]; τὸ χρή [Refs ([prev. author] “HF” 828)]; conjecture for τὸ χρεών (monosyllable) in [Refs ([prev. author] “fragment” 733.3, “IT” 1486.)]
impersonal, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.216, etc.)]; Aeolic dialect χρῆ [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 20, 35, 46)]; other forms are contractions (crases) of χρή (probably originally a neuter substantive) with forms of εἰμί (sum): future χρἤσται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 504, “fragment” 599, 5th c.BC: Pherecrates Comicus 103, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 362, 5th c.BC: Phrynichus Comicus 34 (on this form, for which codices generally have χρῆσται or χρῆσθαι, see Scholia 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “OC” [same place]))]: subjunctive χρῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 999, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 49, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 133; _optative_ χρείη 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 215, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 162, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.44, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4c)]; infinitive χρῆναι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 276, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 210, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.84, etc.)]; also χρῆν (see. below 111); participle neuter plural χρηεόντα (or χρὴ ἐόντα) [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 174)]: imperfect ἐχρῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.44, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 907, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 107.6 (only here in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, χρῆν l. 5), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 152, +others, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.114, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 3.22, +others, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.57, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 335c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.3, +others, etc.)]: frequently also without the augment, χρῆν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 123.1, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 529, 579, “Tr.” 1133, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 535 (_anapaest meter_), +others, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 8.6, +others, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.63, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.33, +others, etc.)]; both forms in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 540, ἐρεῖ τις, οὐ χρῆν· ἀλλὰ τί ἐχρῆν εἴπατε)]: future χρήδει [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.8)]: —it is necessary: with infinitive praes. aut aorist, it must needs, one must or ought to do (like δεῖ, which is only once used in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus), νῦν δὲ χ. τετλάμεν ἔμπης 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.209; τὸν νῦν χ. κομέειν 6.207, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.216, 4.57, etc.; σήμαιν᾽ ὅ τι χ. σοι συμπράσσειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 297 (_anapaest meter_))]; ὅτι χ. πάσχειν ἐθέλω[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 1067; ὅ τι χρείη ποιεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4c, compare 9a; τούτου θανειν χρῆν αὐτὸν οὕνεκ᾽ ἐκ σέθε; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 579; χρὴ τὸ λέγειν 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 6.1)]: more frequently with accusative person et infinitive, one must, ἐμὲ δὲ χ. γήραϊ πείθεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.644; τῷ σε χ. πόλεμον.. παῦσαι 7.331)]; οὐδέ τί σε χ. νηλεὲς ἦτορ ἔχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (9.496; τί χ. με.. στέγειν ἢ τί λέγει; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 135 (Lyric poetry): χρῆν γὰρ Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς (where γενέσθαι is _infinitive_ of an _impersonal_ verb) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8.)]—Sts. the infinitive must be supplied from the context, especially in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus in phrases like{τίπτε μάχης. ἀποπαύεα; οὐδέ τί σε χρή})] (i.e. ἀποπαύεσθαι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.721, compare 19.420)]; ὅθι χ. πεζὸν ἐόντα (i.e. μάρνασθαι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.50)]; so in Trag. and Attic dialect, πορθεῖν ἃ μὴ χ. (i.e. πορθεῖν) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 342)]; φύς τ᾽ ἀφ᾽ ὧν οὐ χρῆν (i.e. φῦναι), ξὺν οἷς τ᾽ οὐ χρῆν (i.e. ὁμιλεῖν) ὁμιλῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1184)]; ἔκανες ὃν οὐ χρῆν (i.e. κτεῖναι) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 930)]; ἐπιπλεύσειέ τις ὡς χ. (i.e. ἐπιπλεῦσαι) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.89)]; θύσαντες οἷς χ. (i.e. θῦσαι) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 415e; ἀκαιρότερον ὄντα ἢ χ. [prev. author] “Plt.” 307e; λαλεῖν μετὰ ἀφελείας ἔνθα χ. 3rd c.AD: Longinus Rhetor 34.2.; so ὡς χ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1556 (_anapaest meter_), etc.)] —The imperfect frequently expresses something that ought to have been, but is not, ἐνθάδ᾽ οὐ παραστατεῖ, ὡς χρῆν, Ὀρέστης[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 879, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1133; and sometimes stands for χρή, χρῆν τι λέγειν ὑμᾶς σοφὸν ῳ νικήσετε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 487 (_anapaest meter_), compare 432: _absolutely_, ἐρεῖτις, οὐ χρῆν· ἀλλὰτί ἐχρῆν εἴπατε [prev. author] “Ach.” 540.)]
2 in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus without)]infinitive, with accusative person et genitive of things, οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ ἀφρποσύνης thou hast no need of imprudence, i. e. it does not befit thee, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.109; οὐ μέν σε χ. ἔτ᾽ αἰδοῦς 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.14; τί με χ. μητέρος αἴνο; 21.110)]; μυθήσεαι ὅττεό (i.e. ὅτου) σε χ. [Refs (1.124; τέο σε χ.; 4.463: τί χρὴ φίλων)] is found in most codices of [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 667 (δεῖ codex V).)]
3 with dative person pro accusative is not found; in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.490, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 3)], the dative belongs to the infinitive μέλει; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 736)] Dobree restored με for γ; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 886 ᾗ)] depends on μετεῖνα; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Ion” 1316 Dobree read τοὺς δέ γ᾽ ἐνδίκους, and in 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 28.10 δικαίους.. ὑφελομένους was restored by Cobet.)]
II sometimes in a less strong sense, πῶς τοῦτο περᾶσαι χρ; how is one to get through this? [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 15.45)]; τί ἐχρῆν με ποιεῖ; what was I to do? [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.28)]; ἓν οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα ὅτι χρῆν προσφερόντας ὠφελεῖν there was no one remedy by the application of which one could (or was bound to) help them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51, compare 1.91.)]
III τὸ χρῆν (infinitive) fate, destiny, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 260 (assuming variant, τὸ χρὴ Nauck))]; τὸ χρή [Refs ([prev. author] “HF” 828)]; conjecture for τὸ χρεών (monosyllable) in [Refs ([prev. author] “fragment” 733.3, “IT” 1486.)]