Strong G5425φρίσσω
to shudder
- Transliteration
- phrissō
- Pronunciation
- fris'-so
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Apparently a primary verb; to bristle or chill that is shudder (fear): - tremble.
Detailed definition
φρίσσω
(Att.. -ττω, and so 4Ma.14:9 4Mac 17:7) [in LXX: Job.4:15 ( pi.), etc.;]
1. to be rough, bristle.
2. to shiver, shudder, tremble, from fear: Jas.2:19 (see Hort, in l).†
(AS)
(Att.. -ττω, and so 4Ma.14:9 4Mac 17:7) [in LXX: Job.4:15 ( pi.), etc.;]
1. to be rough, bristle.
2. to shiver, shudder, tremble, from fear: Jas.2:19 (see Hort, in l).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5425 appears in 1 verse of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- tremble1
First verses
- James 2:19Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils also believe, and tremble.
Occurrences by book
Detailed Greek dictionary
φρίσσω,
Attic dialect φρίττω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c)]: future φρίξω [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 13.365)]: aorist ἔφριξα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.339, etc.)]: perfect πέφρῑκα [Refs (11.383, etc.)]; poetry participle πεφρίκοντες [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.183)]: pluperfect ἐπεφρίκει [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.781e, 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.1:)] —middle, aorist 1 ἐφριξάμην falsa lectio in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Polyaenus Historicus 4.6.7. [ῑ by nature, hence to be accented φρῖσσον in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 171, φρῖξαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1408 (Lyric poetry)])]:—to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (i.e. σταχύεσσι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.599; φρίξας κάρπιμος στάχυς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 31)]; of a line of battle, ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.339; φάλαγγες σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι 4.282, compare 7.62)]; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 341)]; of a tree, φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Eleg.” 25; φιάλα χρυσῷ πεφρικυῖα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 6(5).40)]; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 608)]; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ᾽ ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 540, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 560b8, “Pr.” 888a38; ἔφριξαν ἔθειραι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.244)]; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opposed to κεκλιμένα, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 3.9.4: with _accusative_ of respect, φρίξας εὖ λοφιήν)] having set up his bristly mane, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.446; φ. τρίχας 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 391)]; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.473, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 171; χαίταν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 822 (Lyric poetry))]; also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.183; λέοντος δέρος χαίτῃ πεφρικός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1121.)]
2 ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, uncertain reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.74.)]
3 of the rippling surface of smooth water [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (compare (φρίξ 1), φ. θάλασσαι.. πνοιῇσι 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 112, compare 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.1)]; of breakers, ῥηγμῖνες φ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.1575, compare 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 7.33)]; also of rain, φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.81, explained by Scholia as φρίσσειν ποιοῦντες,compare ὁπόταν.. φρίσσων Βορέας ἐπισπέρχῃ [prev. author] “Parth.” 2.18.)]
II frequently of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder:
II.1 of the effect of cold, shiver, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 512, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ παθῶν” 11, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 963a33, 965a33)]; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 10.803)]; of the teeth, chatter, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “Ars Rhetorica” 10.9.)]
II.2 of the effect of fear, shudder, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1408 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 1044; πέφρικ᾽ ἐγὼ μέν, αὖός εἰμι τῷ δέει 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 480; φ. γαῖα πόντος τε “Hymni Homerici” 27.8)]; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν.. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 490)]; οὐ φρίττουσιν (i.e. animals) ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “D.” 1.12)]: with accusative, shudder at one, οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.383; πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν 24.775, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.38, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 997, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1133; τῶν δημοτέων φ. τὸν ἥκιστον 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.30; τοὺς τελώνας πᾶσα νῦν θύρη φρίσσει [prev. author] 6.64; πεφρικέναι τὸν θάνατον 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Morte - Papiri Ercolanesi” 39; φρίττουσι τὴν σύντροφόν τε καὶ φίλην οἱ ἰχθύες θάλατταν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.57: with _accusative_ et)]infinitive, πέφρικα.. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 720 (Lyric poetry) (but not with _dative_, for ἐρετμοῖσι φρίξουσι)] they shall shudder at the oars is falsa lectio for{φρύξουσι} in Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.96): with)]participle, πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 346; φ. σε δερκομένα [prev. author] “Pr.” 540 (Lyric poetry), compare 695 (Lyric poetry))]: with infinitive, fear to do, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.135: with _preposition_, φ. πρὸς τοὺς πόνους 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.8f; φ. πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῆς Ῥωμαίων τέχνης 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 24.16; φ. ὑπὲρ ὧν προσήκει παθεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 51.9.)]
II.3 feel a holy thrill or awe at, ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.26b; τοὺς θεοὺς πέφρικα 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.212b, +others)]
II.4 thrill with passionate joy, ἔφριξ᾽ ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 693, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 387)].—Rare in early Prose, except in the sense of shuddering, fearing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c, “Phdr.” 251a, D.[same places])]
Attic dialect φρίττω [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c)]: future φρίξω [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 13.365)]: aorist ἔφριξα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.339, etc.)]: perfect πέφρῑκα [Refs (11.383, etc.)]; poetry participle πεφρίκοντες [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.183)]: pluperfect ἐπεφρίκει [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.781e, 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.1:)] —middle, aorist 1 ἐφριξάμην falsa lectio in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Polyaenus Historicus 4.6.7. [ῑ by nature, hence to be accented φρῖσσον in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 171, φρῖξαι 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1408 (Lyric poetry)])]:—to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (i.e. σταχύεσσι) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.599; φρίξας κάρπιμος στάχυς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 31)]; of a line of battle, ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.339; φάλαγγες σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι 4.282, compare 7.62)]; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 341)]; of a tree, φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Eleg.” 25; φιάλα χρυσῷ πεφρικυῖα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 6(5).40)]; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 608)]; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ᾽ ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 540, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 560b8, “Pr.” 888a38; ἔφριξαν ἔθειραι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.244)]; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opposed to κεκλιμένα, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 3.9.4: with _accusative_ of respect, φρίξας εὖ λοφιήν)] having set up his bristly mane, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.446; φ. τρίχας 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 391)]; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.473, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 171; χαίταν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 822 (Lyric poetry))]; also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.183; λέοντος δέρος χαίτῃ πεφρικός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1121.)]
2 ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, uncertain reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.74.)]
3 of the rippling surface of smooth water [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (compare (φρίξ 1), φ. θάλασσαι.. πνοιῇσι 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 112, compare 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.1)]; of breakers, ῥηγμῖνες φ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 4.1575, compare 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 7.33)]; also of rain, φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.81, explained by Scholia as φρίσσειν ποιοῦντες,compare ὁπόταν.. φρίσσων Βορέας ἐπισπέρχῃ [prev. author] “Parth.” 2.18.)]
II frequently of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder:
II.1 of the effect of cold, shiver, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 512, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ παθῶν” 11, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 963a33, 965a33)]; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 10.803)]; of the teeth, chatter, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “Ars Rhetorica” 10.9.)]
II.2 of the effect of fear, shudder, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1408 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 1044; πέφρικ᾽ ἐγὼ μέν, αὖός εἰμι τῷ δέει 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 480; φ. γαῖα πόντος τε “Hymni Homerici” 27.8)]; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν.. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 490)]; οὐ φρίττουσιν (i.e. animals) ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “D.” 1.12)]: with accusative, shudder at one, οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.383; πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν 24.775, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.38, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 997, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1133; τῶν δημοτέων φ. τὸν ἥκιστον 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.30; τοὺς τελώνας πᾶσα νῦν θύρη φρίσσει [prev. author] 6.64; πεφρικέναι τὸν θάνατον 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Morte - Papiri Ercolanesi” 39; φρίττουσι τὴν σύντροφόν τε καὶ φίλην οἱ ἰχθύες θάλατταν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.57: with _accusative_ et)]infinitive, πέφρικα.. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 720 (Lyric poetry) (but not with _dative_, for ἐρετμοῖσι φρίξουσι)] they shall shudder at the oars is falsa lectio for{φρύξουσι} in Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.96): with)]participle, πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 346; φ. σε δερκομένα [prev. author] “Pr.” 540 (Lyric poetry), compare 695 (Lyric poetry))]: with infinitive, fear to do, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.135: with _preposition_, φ. πρὸς τοὺς πόνους 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.8f; φ. πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῆς Ῥωμαίων τέχνης 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 24.16; φ. ὑπὲρ ὧν προσήκει παθεῖν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 51.9.)]
II.3 feel a holy thrill or awe at, ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.26b; τοὺς θεοὺς πέφρικα 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.212b, +others)]
II.4 thrill with passionate joy, ἔφριξ᾽ ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 693, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 387)].—Rare in early Prose, except in the sense of shuddering, fearing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c, “Phdr.” 251a, D.[same places])]