Strong G5399φοβέω
to fear
- Transliteration
- phobeō
- Pronunciation
- fob-eh'-o
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
From G5401; to frighten that is (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy to be in awe of that is revere: - be (+ sore) afraid fear (exceedingly) reverence.
Detailed definition
φοβέέω, ῶ
(φόβος) [in LXX chiefly for מִן יָרֵא;]
1. in Hem., to put to flight. Pass., to be put to flight, to flee affrighted
2. to terrify, frighten (Wis 179; Hdt. and Att..). Pass. (so always in NT; cf. M, Pr., 162), to be seized with fear, be affrighted, fear: Mat.10:31 14:27, Mrk.5:33 6:50, Luk.1:13 8:50, Jhn.6:19 12:15, Act.16:38, al.; opposite to ὑψηλοφρονεῖν, Rom.11:20; σφόδρα, Mat.17:6 27:54; with cogn. accusative, φόβον μέγαν, Mrk.4:41, Luk.2:9 (1Ma.10:8); φόβον αὐτῶν (obj, genitive, but cf. ICC, in l), 1Pe.3:14; πτόησιν, 1Pe.3:6; with accusative of person(s), Mat.10:26, Mrk.11:18, Luk.19:21, Jhn.9:22, Act.9:26,
Rom.13:3, al.; before ἀπό (like Heb. יָרֵא, Jer.1:8, al.; cf. M, Pr., 102, 104n„), Mat.10:28, Luk.12:4; before μή (cl.; Bl., § 65, 3; M, Pr., 184 f.), Act.23:10 27:17; μήπως, Act.27:29, 2Co.11:3 12:20, Gal.4:11; μήποτε, Heb.4:1; with inf. (Bl., § 69, 4; M, Pr., 205), Mat.1:20, Mrk.9:32, al.; of reverential fear: Mrk.6:20, Eph.5:33; τ. θεόν, Luk.1:50, Act.10:2, 1Pe.2:17, Rev.14:7, al.; τ. κύριον, Col.3:22, Rev.15:4; τ. ὄνομα τ. θεοῦ (see: ὄνομα), Rev.11:18; οἱ φοβούμενοι τ. θεόν, of proselytes, Act.13:16, 26 (cf. ἐκ-φοβέω)
(AS)
(φόβος) [in LXX chiefly for מִן יָרֵא;]
1. in Hem., to put to flight. Pass., to be put to flight, to flee affrighted
2. to terrify, frighten (Wis 179; Hdt. and Att..). Pass. (so always in NT; cf. M, Pr., 162), to be seized with fear, be affrighted, fear: Mat.10:31 14:27, Mrk.5:33 6:50, Luk.1:13 8:50, Jhn.6:19 12:15, Act.16:38, al.; opposite to ὑψηλοφρονεῖν, Rom.11:20; σφόδρα, Mat.17:6 27:54; with cogn. accusative, φόβον μέγαν, Mrk.4:41, Luk.2:9 (1Ma.10:8); φόβον αὐτῶν (obj, genitive, but cf. ICC, in l), 1Pe.3:14; πτόησιν, 1Pe.3:6; with accusative of person(s), Mat.10:26, Mrk.11:18, Luk.19:21, Jhn.9:22, Act.9:26,
Rom.13:3, al.; before ἀπό (like Heb. יָרֵא, Jer.1:8, al.; cf. M, Pr., 102, 104n„), Mat.10:28, Luk.12:4; before μή (cl.; Bl., § 65, 3; M, Pr., 184 f.), Act.23:10 27:17; μήπως, Act.27:29, 2Co.11:3 12:20, Gal.4:11; μήποτε, Heb.4:1; with inf. (Bl., § 69, 4; M, Pr., 205), Mat.1:20, Mrk.9:32, al.; of reverential fear: Mrk.6:20, Eph.5:33; τ. θεόν, Luk.1:50, Act.10:2, 1Pe.2:17, Rev.14:7, al.; τ. κύριον, Col.3:22, Rev.15:4; τ. ὄνομα τ. θεοῦ (see: ὄνομα), Rev.11:18; οἱ φοβούμενοι τ. θεόν, of proselytes, Act.13:16, 26 (cf. ἐκ-φοβέω)
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5399 appears in 90 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- fear56
- be28
- afraid15
- feareth4
- being1
- dost1
- let1
- reverence1
- shall1
- will1
- ye1
First verses
- Matthew 1:20But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.
- Matthew 2:22But when he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his father Herod, he was afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he turned aside into the parts of Galilee:
- Matthew 10:26Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known.
- Matthew 10:28And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.
- Matthew 10:31Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows.
- Matthew 14:5And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, because they counted him as a prophet.
- Matthew 14:27But straightway Jesus spake unto them, saying, Be of good cheer; it is I; be not afraid.
- Matthew 14:30But when he saw the wind boisterous, he was afraid; and beginning to sink, he cried, saying, Lord, save me.
- Matthew 17:6And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their face, and were sore afraid.
- Matthew 17:7And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not afraid.
- Matthew 21:26But if we shall say, Of men; we fear the people; for all hold John as a prophet.
- Matthew 21:46But when they sought to lay hands on him, they feared the multitude, because they took him for a prophet.
- Matthew 25:25And I was afraid, and went and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, there thou hast that is thine.
- Matthew 27:54Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God.
- Matthew 28:5And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified.
- Matthew 28:10Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid: go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me.
- Mark 4:41And they feared exceedingly, and said one to another, What manner of man is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?
- Mark 5:15And they come to Jesus, and see him that was possessed with the devil, and had the legion, sitting, and clothed, and in his right mind: and they were afraid.
- Mark 5:33But the woman fearing and trembling, knowing what was done in her, came and fell down before him, and told him all the truth.
- Mark 5:36As soon as Jesus heard the word that was spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only believe.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
φοβέω,
3rd.pers. plural imperative φοβεόντων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.235)]: Ionic dialect imperfect φοβέεσκον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 162)]: future -ήσω[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 357 (Lyric poetry), (ἐκ-) 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126 (uncertain))]: aorist ἐφόβησα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.15, etc.:)] —passive and middle, Ionic dialect [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2 singular φοβέαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.39)]; Ionic dialect imperative φοβεῦ or φοβέο, [Refs ([prev. author] 1.9, 7.52)]: Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural imperfect φοβέοντο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.41)]: future φοβήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (22.250, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 649c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.23, etc.; φοβηθήσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.30, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Brutus” 40, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Zeux.” 9, variant in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 470a)]: aorist passive ἐφοβήθην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.27, etc., _Epic dialect_ _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἐφόβηθεν or φόβηθεν, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.326, 5.498)]; aorist middle ἐφοβησάμην only [Refs (“Anacreontea” 31.11)]: perfect πεφόβημαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.510, etc.)]: pluperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐπεφόβηντο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.4.32, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.50)], Epic dialect πεφοβήατο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.206.)]
A active, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (never in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”))] always in the sense put to flight, [ἴρηξ] ἐφόβησε κολοιούς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.583)]; [Ζεὺς] καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 689; Τρώων οὓς ἐφόβησας 22.11; φοβῆσαίτε στίχας ἀνδρῶν 17.505; σὸς δόλος.. ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς 15.15; σέ γέ φημι.. δουρὶ φοβῆσαι 20.187; once in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, φοβέεσκον ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ᾽ ἀνθρώπων [prev. cited])]
II terrify, alarm, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.235, etc.; μὴ φίλους φόβει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 262; ᾧ μή 'στι δρῶντι τάρβος οὐδ᾽ ἔπος φοβεῖ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 296, compare 1013, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 572 (Lyric poetry); ἡ δύναμις τῶν νέων φοβοῦσά τινας 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.3.2; αἱ κάμηλοι ἐφόβουν τους ἵππους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.48; ρὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἐφόβουν, μὴ.. ἐπαγάγωνται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.45; with _dative_ modi, λόγοις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 215 (troch.); μεγαληγορίαισι φρένας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 357 (Lyric poetry))]; τῷ μὲν Τισσαφέρνει τοὺς Ἀθηναίους φ., ἐκείνοις δὲ τὸν Τισσαφέρνην to frighten the Athenians with T., and T. with the Athenians, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.82)]; with participle, λέγοντες φ. τινάς by saying, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.8; λέγοντες ὡς ἥξει βασιλεύς D 14.25: _absolutely_, πόνος ὁ μὴ φοβῶν κράτιστος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 864 (Lyric poetry), φοβήσαντες κατεστήσαντο τὴν πολιτείαν)]by terror, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 551b.)]
II.2 c.accusative of things, threaten with, φ. λιμόν [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 6.51.)]
B passive and middle, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] always in the sense to be put to flight (compare [Refs 8th c.BC+ (Scholia A 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.223, +others), once in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”, κύνες.. διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν 16.163; frequently in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad”, ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν 5.498; τοὶ δ᾽ ἐφόβηθεν.. θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ 16.294; κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὣς ἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε 11.172)]; also participle, μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθης [Refs (10.510, compare 15.4, 21.606; φοβηθεὶς δύσεθ᾽ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα)]in flight, [Refs (6.135; βῆ δὲ φοβηθείς 22.137: ὑπό τινος φοβέεσθαι)] to flee before him,[Refs (8.149; ὑπό τινι 15.637; with _accusative_, οὔ σ᾽ ἔτι.. φοβήσομαι ὡς τὸ πάρος περ 22.250.)]
B.II to be seized with fear, be affrighted, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.70, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1166, etc.)] —Constr.,
B.II.1 absolutely, πεφόβημαι πτηνῆς ὡς ὄμμα πελείας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 139 (_anapaest meter_))]; φοβηθέντες ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες flying in terror, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.43)]; ἃ μὴ οἶδα.. οὐδέποτε φοβήσομαι οὐδὲ φεύξομαι, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 29b, etc.: with _dative_ instrum., μάστιγι φ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 37 (_anapaest meter_): with _accusative_ _cognate_, φ. αἰσχροὺς φόβους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 360b; ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν NT.Mark.4.41; τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε NT.1Pet.3.14.)]
B.II.2 followed by Preps., φ. ἀπό τινος to be afraid of one (probably a Hebraism), [LXX+NT (LXX.Lev.26.2, LXX.Jer.1.8, NT.Matt.10.28, NT.Luke.12.4)]; ἔκ τινος from some cause, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 671)]; εἴς τι to be alarmed at a thing, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. author] “OT” 980; πρός τι [prev. author] “Tr.” 1211, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Prom.Es” 4, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 50.18)]; ἐπί τινι fear for.. [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMar.” 14.4)]; but φ. ἀμφὶ γυναικί fear about.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.62; περὶ ἡμῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.35, etc.; περί τινι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 275b (περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὸ κατάδηλον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.123); περὶ χωρίῳ [prev. author] 2.90; ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.36; περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 404e; πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἢ τέκνων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 150.)]
B.II.3 followed by a relative clause, φοβεῑσθαι μὴ.. fear lest a thing will be.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 770 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 606 (troch.), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.95, etc.)]; φ. ὅπως μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.3)]; φ. μὴ οὐ.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Oec.” 16.6)]; frequently c.accusative followed by μή, ταῦτ᾽ οὖν φοβοῦμαι, μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 550, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.1.2)]; φ. τοὺς οὐσίαν κεκτημένους, μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232c, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.88, etc.)]; φ. ὑπέρ τινος, μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c)]; with infinitive followed by μή, φοβοίμην ἂν τῷ ἡγεμόνι ἕπεσθαι, μὴ ἀγάγῃ κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 143e, “Grg.” 457e: also φ. ὅτι..,)] ={φ. μὴ}.., in a more positive sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.1, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 52.26)]; φ. τόδε, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67 (but φ. τὸ κάεσθαι, ὅτι ἀλγεινόν because.., 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 479a))]: διὰ τοῦτο φ. τινας, ὅτι.. Isocrates [Refs (6.60)]; less frequently φ. ὡς.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.12; φ. πῶς χρὴ.. [prev. work] 4.5.19; φ. εἰ δεήσει.. [prev. work] 6.1.17.)]
B.II.4 with infinitive with Article, φ. τὸ ἀποθνῄσκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 522e, etc.)]: more frequently with infinitive alone, fear to do, be afraid of doing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 46 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 253 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 628, etc.)]: with infinitive future, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.105.)]
B.II.5 with accusative person, stand in awe of, dread, δαίμονας τοὺς ἐνθάδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 893; στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1250; τοὺς ἄνω θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 927b, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.16, etc.; τὰς κύνας 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 5.16, etc.)]
B.II.6 with accusative of things, fear or fear about a thing, βρόμον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 476; τὸ προσέρπον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 227 (Lyric poetry); μέμψιν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 1057; τὸ τοιοῦτον σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 239d; δουλείαν καὶ δεσμόν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.24.)]
B.II.7 with genitive, πεφοβημένος νυκτός, θαλάσσης, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 290, 766.)]
B.II.8 with participle, προδιδοὺς φοβηθείς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 17.)]
3rd.pers. plural imperative φοβεόντων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.235)]: Ionic dialect imperfect φοβέεσκον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 162)]: future -ήσω[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 357 (Lyric poetry), (ἐκ-) 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126 (uncertain))]: aorist ἐφόβησα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.15, etc.:)] —passive and middle, Ionic dialect [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2 singular φοβέαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.39)]; Ionic dialect imperative φοβεῦ or φοβέο, [Refs ([prev. author] 1.9, 7.52)]: Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural imperfect φοβέοντο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.41)]: future φοβήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (22.250, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 649c, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.23, etc.; φοβηθήσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.30, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Brutus” 40, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Zeux.” 9, variant in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 470a)]: aorist passive ἐφοβήθην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.27, etc., _Epic dialect_ _3rd.pers._ _plural_ ἐφόβηθεν or φόβηθεν, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.326, 5.498)]; aorist middle ἐφοβησάμην only [Refs (“Anacreontea” 31.11)]: perfect πεφόβημαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.510, etc.)]: pluperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐπεφόβηντο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.4.32, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.50)], Epic dialect πεφοβήατο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.206.)]
A active, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (never in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”))] always in the sense put to flight, [ἴρηξ] ἐφόβησε κολοιούς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.583)]; [Ζεὺς] καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 689; Τρώων οὓς ἐφόβησας 22.11; φοβῆσαίτε στίχας ἀνδρῶν 17.505; σὸς δόλος.. ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς 15.15; σέ γέ φημι.. δουρὶ φοβῆσαι 20.187; once in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, φοβέεσκον ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ᾽ ἀνθρώπων [prev. cited])]
II terrify, alarm, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.235, etc.; μὴ φίλους φόβει 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 262; ᾧ μή 'στι δρῶντι τάρβος οὐδ᾽ ἔπος φοβεῖ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 296, compare 1013, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 572 (Lyric poetry); ἡ δύναμις τῶν νέων φοβοῦσά τινας 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.3.2; αἱ κάμηλοι ἐφόβουν τους ἵππους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.1.48; ρὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἐφόβουν, μὴ.. ἐπαγάγωνται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.45; with _dative_ modi, λόγοις 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 215 (troch.); μεγαληγορίαισι φρένας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 357 (Lyric poetry))]; τῷ μὲν Τισσαφέρνει τοὺς Ἀθηναίους φ., ἐκείνοις δὲ τὸν Τισσαφέρνην to frighten the Athenians with T., and T. with the Athenians, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.82)]; with participle, λέγοντες φ. τινάς by saying, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.8; λέγοντες ὡς ἥξει βασιλεύς D 14.25: _absolutely_, πόνος ὁ μὴ φοβῶν κράτιστος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 864 (Lyric poetry), φοβήσαντες κατεστήσαντο τὴν πολιτείαν)]by terror, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 551b.)]
II.2 c.accusative of things, threaten with, φ. λιμόν [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 6.51.)]
B passive and middle, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] always in the sense to be put to flight (compare [Refs 8th c.BC+ (Scholia A 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.223, +others), once in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”, κύνες.. διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν 16.163; frequently in 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad”, ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν 5.498; τοὶ δ᾽ ἐφόβηθεν.. θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ 16.294; κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὣς ἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε 11.172)]; also participle, μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθης [Refs (10.510, compare 15.4, 21.606; φοβηθεὶς δύσεθ᾽ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα)]in flight, [Refs (6.135; βῆ δὲ φοβηθείς 22.137: ὑπό τινος φοβέεσθαι)] to flee before him,[Refs (8.149; ὑπό τινι 15.637; with _accusative_, οὔ σ᾽ ἔτι.. φοβήσομαι ὡς τὸ πάρος περ 22.250.)]
B.II to be seized with fear, be affrighted, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.70, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1166, etc.)] —Constr.,
B.II.1 absolutely, πεφόβημαι πτηνῆς ὡς ὄμμα πελείας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 139 (_anapaest meter_))]; φοβηθέντες ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες flying in terror, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.43)]; ἃ μὴ οἶδα.. οὐδέποτε φοβήσομαι οὐδὲ φεύξομαι, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 29b, etc.: with _dative_ instrum., μάστιγι φ. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 37 (_anapaest meter_): with _accusative_ _cognate_, φ. αἰσχροὺς φόβους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 360b; ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν NT.Mark.4.41; τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε NT.1Pet.3.14.)]
B.II.2 followed by Preps., φ. ἀπό τινος to be afraid of one (probably a Hebraism), [LXX+NT (LXX.Lev.26.2, LXX.Jer.1.8, NT.Matt.10.28, NT.Luke.12.4)]; ἔκ τινος from some cause, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 671)]; εἴς τι to be alarmed at a thing, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. author] “OT” 980; πρός τι [prev. author] “Tr.” 1211, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Prom.Es” 4, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 50.18)]; ἐπί τινι fear for.. [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMar.” 14.4)]; but φ. ἀμφὶ γυναικί fear about.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.62; περὶ ἡμῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.35, etc.; περί τινι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 275b (περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὸ κατάδηλον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.123); περὶ χωρίῳ [prev. author] 2.90; ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.36; περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 404e; πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἢ τέκνων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 150.)]
B.II.3 followed by a relative clause, φοβεῑσθαι μὴ.. fear lest a thing will be.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 770 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 606 (troch.), 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.95, etc.)]; φ. ὅπως μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 6.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.3)]; φ. μὴ οὐ.. [Refs ([prev. author] “Oec.” 16.6)]; frequently c.accusative followed by μή, ταῦτ᾽ οὖν φοβοῦμαι, μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 550, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.1.2)]; φ. τοὺς οὐσίαν κεκτημένους, μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232c, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.88, etc.)]; φ. ὑπέρ τινος, μὴ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 387c)]; with infinitive followed by μή, φοβοίμην ἂν τῷ ἡγεμόνι ἕπεσθαι, μὴ ἀγάγῃ κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 143e, “Grg.” 457e: also φ. ὅτι..,)] ={φ. μὴ}.., in a more positive sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.1, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 52.26)]; φ. τόδε, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67 (but φ. τὸ κάεσθαι, ὅτι ἀλγεινόν because.., 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 479a))]: διὰ τοῦτο φ. τινας, ὅτι.. Isocrates [Refs (6.60)]; less frequently φ. ὡς.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.12; φ. πῶς χρὴ.. [prev. work] 4.5.19; φ. εἰ δεήσει.. [prev. work] 6.1.17.)]
B.II.4 with infinitive with Article, φ. τὸ ἀποθνῄσκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 522e, etc.)]: more frequently with infinitive alone, fear to do, be afraid of doing, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 46 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 253 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 628, etc.)]: with infinitive future, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.105.)]
B.II.5 with accusative person, stand in awe of, dread, δαίμονας τοὺς ἐνθάδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 893; στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1250; τοὺς ἄνω θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 927b, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.16, etc.; τὰς κύνας 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 5.16, etc.)]
B.II.6 with accusative of things, fear or fear about a thing, βρόμον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 476; τὸ προσέρπον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 227 (Lyric poetry); μέμψιν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 1057; τὸ τοιοῦτον σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 239d; δουλείαν καὶ δεσμόν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.24.)]
B.II.7 with genitive, πεφοβημένος νυκτός, θαλάσσης, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Aratus Epicus 290, 766.)]
B.II.8 with participle, προδιδοὺς φοβηθείς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 17.)]