Strong G5351φθείρω
to destroy
- Transliteration
- phtheirō
- Pronunciation
- fthi'-ro
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
Probably strengthened from φθίω phthiō (to pine or waste): properly to shrivel or wither that is to spoil (by any process) or (genitive) to ruin (especially figuratively by moral influences to deprave): - corrupt (self) defile destroy.
Detailed definition
φθείρω
[in LXX chiefly for שָׁחַת hi., pi., also for חָבַל, etc.;]
to destroy, corrupt, spoil (on the varied usage and distinctive meaning of the word, see Mayor on 2Pe, App., 175 ff.): with accusative, 1Co.3:17 15:23, 2Co.7:2; before ἀπό, 2Co.11:3; ἐν, 2Pe.2:12, Ju 10, Rev.19:2; κατά, Eph.4:22 (cf. δια-, κατα-φθείρω).†
(AS)
[in LXX chiefly for שָׁחַת hi., pi., also for חָבַל, etc.;]
to destroy, corrupt, spoil (on the varied usage and distinctive meaning of the word, see Mayor on 2Pe, App., 175 ff.): with accusative, 1Co.3:17 15:23, 2Co.7:2; before ἀπό, 2Co.11:3; ἐν, 2Pe.2:12, Ju 10, Rev.19:2; κατά, Eph.4:22 (cf. δια-, κατα-φθείρω).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G5351 appears in 7 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- corrupt5
- defile1
- destroy1
- do1
- shall1
First verses
- 1 Corinthians 3:17If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are.
- 1 Corinthians 15:33Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners.
- 2 Corinthians 7:2Receive us; we have wronged no man, we have corrupted no man, we have defrauded no man.
- 2 Corinthians 11:3But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.
- Ephesians 4:22That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts;
- Jude 1:10But these speak evil of those things which they know not: but what they know naturally, as brute beasts, in those things they corrupt themselves.
- Revelation 19:2For true and righteous are his judgments: for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
φθείρω,
Aeolic dialect φθέρρω Hdn.Gr. 2.303, +others; [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] φθήρω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 5(2).6.17 (Tegea, 4th c.BC): _Ionic dialect_)]imperfect φθείρεσκε [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((δια-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.36)]: future φθερῶ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.11, (δια-) 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1266, etc.)]; Ionic dialect φθερέω (δια-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.51)]; Epic dialect φθέρσω (δια-) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.625)]: aorist 1 ἔφθειρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 244 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.4; poetry ἔφθερσα 3rd c.BC: Lycophron Tragicus 1402; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus _3rd.pers._ _sing._ _optative_ (?) φθέραι “IG” 5(2).6.8 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]: perfect ἔφθαρκα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.64, (δι-) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 226; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] participle ἐφθορκώς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 5(2).6.10 (Tegea, 4th c.BC):)] —middle, future φθεροῦμαι (in passive sense) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 272, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 708, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.48)]; Ionic dialect φθερέομαι (δια-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.108 (variant{δια-φθαρέεται}), 9.42 (variants δια-φθαρέονται, δια-φθορεῦνται))]; later φθαροῦμαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Archigenes Medicus cited in 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus 8.23.5)]:— passive, future φθᾰρήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 13, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1066b30, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.7U., (δια-) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 802, etc.)], Doric dialect -ησοῦμαι[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 94d:)]aorist ἐφθάρην [ᾰ] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1502, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 708c)]; poetry 3rd.pers. plural ἔφθαρεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.36)]: also participle κατα-φθερείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 35.13)]: perfect ἔφθαρμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 765)], 3rd.pers. plural ἐφθάραται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13)]; infinitive ἐφθάρθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1021b27, (δι-) 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 9.37)], Aeolic dialect ἔφθορθαι [Refs (12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 790.8)]: pluperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐφθάρατο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 3.15, (δι-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.90. The _compound_ διαφθείρω)] is much more frequently than the simple Verb:—destroy things, μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.246)]; φ. τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους waste them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.76, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.11, “An.” 4.7.20; τοὺς θεῶν νόμους 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1344)]; τὰς ναῦς see reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.91; τὴν πόλιν καὶ νόμους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 958c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.5.3; εὐδαιμονίαν 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator [same place]; ἔμβρυα 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.163; τὸ συλληφθέν 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.60)] (also absolutely, miscarry, [Refs ([prev. work] 59))]; τὸν κοινὸν οἶκον Mitteis [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“Chr.” 284.11 (2nd c.BC))]: —passive, to be destroyed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ γίνεται πᾶσα ἀρετὴ καὶ φθείρεται 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1103b8; εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φ.)]pass away, cease to be, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.5U.; δυὰς προσθέσει μονάδος εἰς τριάδα φθείρεται μηκέτι μένουσα δυάς 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.509)]; of animals, perish, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (PStrassb. 24.15 (2nd c.AD).)]
2 of persons, μαψαῦραι... ναύτας φ. destroy them, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 876)] (but perhaps only active of signification[Refs 4th c.BC+ (11.4); στρατόν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 244 (troch.), “Ag.” 652)]:—passive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Pers.” 272, 283 (Lyric poetry); γειτόνων πολλοὶ ἁμᾷ.. ἔφθαρεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.36; νόσῳ ἐφθάραται Ἀθηναῖοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13, compare 7.48; πρόρριζον ἔφθαρται γένος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 765)]; ἔφθαρμαι I am undone! [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἥρως” 13; μὴφθαρῶσιν “PMich.Zen.” 80.4 (3rd c.BC).)]
3 corrupt, bribe, τινα [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 4.73)]; lure, entice, trap, κημοῖσι πλεκτοῖς πορφύρας φθείρει γένος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 504 (assuming variant); φθείρει γὰρ ἡ πρόνοια τὴν ἀβουλίαν)]entices to its ruin, entraps, [Refs (Trag.Adesp. 484 (assuming variant))]; pervert, φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ᾽ ὁμιλίαι κακαί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1024:)] —passive, see below [Refs (11.3.)]
3.b seduce a woman, ὑπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀδικούμενον καὶ Διονυσίου τοῦ φθείραντος αὐτὴν κιναίδου [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PEnteux.” 26.11 (3rd c.BC))]:—passive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 485, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 11.153)] (but not Attic dialect accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 53, Moer.p.103 P.), 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 5.17.)]
4 ruin, spoil, ποσὶν φθείροντα πλοῦτον ἀργυρωνήτους θ᾽ ὑφάς, of one who treads on rich carpets, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 949)]; βαφὰς φθείρουσα τοῦ ποικίλματος, of blood, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ch.” 1013)]; of a poison, ὧνπερ ἂν θίγῃ, φθείρει τὰ πάντα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 716; φαρμάκων φθείρειν πεφυκότων τὰ σώματα 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.541)]; δούλην (wet-nurse) μὴ φθείρουσαν τὸ γάλα [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“BGU” 1058.29 (1st c.BC),compare 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.88; τοῦ σώματος (i.e. τῶν νοσούντων) φθείροντος τὸ θρέψαι δυνάμενον [prev. work] 90, compare 63, +others)]
5 τὰ μιγνύμενα τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ βαφεῖς φθείρεσθαι καὶ φθοράν τὴν μῖξιν ὀνομάζουσιν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.393c (where μιαίνω 1 is compared).)]
II passive (compare above 1.1, 2),
II.1 φθείρεσθε (as a curse) may you perish! ruin take you! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.128, 5th c.BC: Sannyrio Comicus 10)]; φθείρου as an imprecation, go to the devil! be off! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 460, “Pl.” 598, 610 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 610; ἐκποδὼν ἡμῖν φθείρεσθε 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 6.16:with _genitive_, φθείρεσθε τῆσδε)] off from her! unhand her, let her go, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 715 (so in _future_ _indicative_, εἰ μὴ φθερῇ τῆσδ᾽ ὡς τάχιστ᾽ ἀπὸ στέγης)] if thou dost not depart... [Refs ([prev. work] 708).)]
II.1.b with a preposition, φθείρεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους, of hangers-on and flatterers, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.139, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 21, “Eum.” 14, “Ant.” 24; εἰς ἡδονὰς ἀπὸ.. πόνων Anonymus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 4.31.84; ἀκούω σε λυρῳδοῦ γυναικὸς ἐρᾶν καὶ εἰς ἐκείνης φθειρόμενον πᾶσαν τὴν ἐφήμερον ἄγραν κατατίθεσθαι 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.18.)]
II.2 in Medicine texts, ἡ κοιλίη φθαρήσεται will be deranged, disordered, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 13.)]
II.3 to be morally corrupted, ἐφθάρη ἡ γῆ ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ [LXX+3rd c.BC+ (LXX.Gen.6.11, cf. LXX.Hos.9.9, +others; ἔστι ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ σκηνῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἀριστοβούλου φθειρόμενος “PCair.Zen.” 37.7 (3rd c.BC); φθαρεὶς Εὔτυχος ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀρσινόης [prev. work] 620.7 (3rd c.BC))]; but ἐν Σικυωνίαι ἐφθαρμένους is falsa lectio for{ἐν Σικυῶνι διεφθ}. (conjecture Sintenis) in [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Aratus” 40.)]
II.4 of seafarers, wander, drift [Refs 5th c.BC+ (compare(above 1.2, πολύφθορος 11.2, φθορά 8), πόσον χρόνον πόντου 'πὶ νώτοις ἅλιον ἐφθείρου πλάνο; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 774)]; ναυτίλους ἐφθαρμένους sailors driven out of their course, [Refs ([prev. author] “IT” 276; ἱκέτας δέχεσθαι ποντίους ἐφθαρμένους [prev. author] “Cyc.” 300)]; of shipwrecked persons, νεῶν (ἐκ νεῶν Elmsl.) φθαρέντες [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 451)]; also of travellers or wanderers by land, οὐχ ἕνα νομίζων φθείρεται πόλεως νόμον (variant{τόπον}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 234; ὁ Μενέλαος χρόνον πολὺν ἐφθείρετο πανταχόσε τῆς Ἐλλάδος 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 7.95)]; οὐδὲν δεῖ φθείρεσθαι περιόντα (={περιιόντα}) τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπασαν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor “Orationes” 26(14).33; ἄνω κάτω διαθέοντας τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ φθειρομένους [prev. author] 1.420 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus; τῶν μετοίκων τῶν ἐξ Ἑρμιόνης οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως εἰς Πειραιᾶ φθαρέντων 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.13)]; μὴ περιΐδῃς ἀγαθοὺς γείτονας εἰς στενὸν τοῦ καιροῦ φθειρομένους[Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 24; [Ἀλέξανδρον] ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἰνδὸν κτλ. φθειρόμενον 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 7.4.2)]; φθαρῆναι εἰς βάρβαρα ἔθνη (ἐν βαρβάροις ἔθνεσι or ἔθεσι codices) [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 49)]; φθαρέντων ἐς ἀλλήλους falling foul of one another, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Praefatio” 10 (assuming variant).)]
II.5 of women, χέρσους φθαρῆναι pine away in barrenness, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1502, compare “El.” 1181)] (unless wander, compare above [Refs (11.4). (Cf. Sanskrit)]ksárati 'flow', later 'wane, perish', Avest. γζ?~Xαρ- and ζ?~Xγαρ- 'flow'.)
Aeolic dialect φθέρρω Hdn.Gr. 2.303, +others; [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] φθήρω [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 5(2).6.17 (Tegea, 4th c.BC): _Ionic dialect_)]imperfect φθείρεσκε [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((δια-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.36)]: future φθερῶ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.11, (δια-) 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1266, etc.)]; Ionic dialect φθερέω (δια-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.51)]; Epic dialect φθέρσω (δια-) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.625)]: aorist 1 ἔφθειρα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 244 (troch.), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.4; poetry ἔφθερσα 3rd c.BC: Lycophron Tragicus 1402; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus _3rd.pers._ _sing._ _optative_ (?) φθέραι “IG” 5(2).6.8 (Tegea, 4th c.BC))]: perfect ἔφθαρκα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.64, (δι-) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 226; 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus)] participle ἐφθορκώς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 5(2).6.10 (Tegea, 4th c.BC):)] —middle, future φθεροῦμαι (in passive sense) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 272, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 708, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.48)]; Ionic dialect φθερέομαι (δια-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.108 (variant{δια-φθαρέεται}), 9.42 (variants δια-φθαρέονται, δια-φθορεῦνται))]; later φθαροῦμαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Archigenes Medicus cited in 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus 8.23.5)]:— passive, future φθᾰρήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 13, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1066b30, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.7U., (δια-) 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 802, etc.)], Doric dialect -ησοῦμαι[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 94d:)]aorist ἐφθάρην [ᾰ] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1502, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 708c)]; poetry 3rd.pers. plural ἔφθαρεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.36)]: also participle κατα-φθερείς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 35.13)]: perfect ἔφθαρμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 765)], 3rd.pers. plural ἐφθάραται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13)]; infinitive ἐφθάρθαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1021b27, (δι-) 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 9.37)], Aeolic dialect ἔφθορθαι [Refs (12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 790.8)]: pluperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἐφθάρατο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 3.15, (δι-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.90. The _compound_ διαφθείρω)] is much more frequently than the simple Verb:—destroy things, μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.246)]; φ. τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους waste them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.76, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.2.11, “An.” 4.7.20; τοὺς θεῶν νόμους 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1344)]; τὰς ναῦς see reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.91; τὴν πόλιν καὶ νόμους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 958c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.5.3; εὐδαιμονίαν 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator [same place]; ἔμβρυα 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus 2.163; τὸ συλληφθέν 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.60)] (also absolutely, miscarry, [Refs ([prev. work] 59))]; τὸν κοινὸν οἶκον Mitteis [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“Chr.” 284.11 (2nd c.BC))]: —passive, to be destroyed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ γίνεται πᾶσα ἀρετὴ καὶ φθείρεται 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1103b8; εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φ.)]pass away, cease to be, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.5U.; δυὰς προσθέσει μονάδος εἰς τριάδα φθείρεται μηκέτι μένουσα δυάς 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.509)]; of animals, perish, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (PStrassb. 24.15 (2nd c.AD).)]
2 of persons, μαψαῦραι... ναύτας φ. destroy them, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 876)] (but perhaps only active of signification[Refs 4th c.BC+ (11.4); στρατόν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 244 (troch.), “Ag.” 652)]:—passive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Pers.” 272, 283 (Lyric poetry); γειτόνων πολλοὶ ἁμᾷ.. ἔφθαρεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.36; νόσῳ ἐφθάραται Ἀθηναῖοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.13, compare 7.48; πρόρριζον ἔφθαρται γένος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 765)]; ἔφθαρμαι I am undone! [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἥρως” 13; μὴφθαρῶσιν “PMich.Zen.” 80.4 (3rd c.BC).)]
3 corrupt, bribe, τινα [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 4.73)]; lure, entice, trap, κημοῖσι πλεκτοῖς πορφύρας φθείρει γένος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 504 (assuming variant); φθείρει γὰρ ἡ πρόνοια τὴν ἀβουλίαν)]entices to its ruin, entraps, [Refs (Trag.Adesp. 484 (assuming variant))]; pervert, φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ᾽ ὁμιλίαι κακαί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1024:)] —passive, see below [Refs (11.3.)]
3.b seduce a woman, ὑπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀδικούμενον καὶ Διονυσίου τοῦ φθείραντος αὐτὴν κιναίδου [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PEnteux.” 26.11 (3rd c.BC))]:—passive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 485, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 11.153)] (but not Attic dialect accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista 53, Moer.p.103 P.), 2nd c.AD: Artemidorus Daldianus Onirocriticus 5.17.)]
4 ruin, spoil, ποσὶν φθείροντα πλοῦτον ἀργυρωνήτους θ᾽ ὑφάς, of one who treads on rich carpets, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 949)]; βαφὰς φθείρουσα τοῦ ποικίλματος, of blood, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ch.” 1013)]; of a poison, ὧνπερ ἂν θίγῃ, φθείρει τὰ πάντα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 716; φαρμάκων φθείρειν πεφυκότων τὰ σώματα 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.541)]; δούλην (wet-nurse) μὴ φθείρουσαν τὸ γάλα [Refs 1st c.BC+ (“BGU” 1058.29 (1st c.BC),compare 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.88; τοῦ σώματος (i.e. τῶν νοσούντων) φθείροντος τὸ θρέψαι δυνάμενον [prev. work] 90, compare 63, +others)]
5 τὰ μιγνύμενα τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ βαφεῖς φθείρεσθαι καὶ φθοράν τὴν μῖξιν ὀνομάζουσιν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.393c (where μιαίνω 1 is compared).)]
II passive (compare above 1.1, 2),
II.1 φθείρεσθε (as a curse) may you perish! ruin take you! [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.128, 5th c.BC: Sannyrio Comicus 10)]; φθείρου as an imprecation, go to the devil! be off! [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 460, “Pl.” 598, 610 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 610; ἐκποδὼν ἡμῖν φθείρεσθε 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 6.16:with _genitive_, φθείρεσθε τῆσδε)] off from her! unhand her, let her go, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 715 (so in _future_ _indicative_, εἰ μὴ φθερῇ τῆσδ᾽ ὡς τάχιστ᾽ ἀπὸ στέγης)] if thou dost not depart... [Refs ([prev. work] 708).)]
II.1.b with a preposition, φθείρεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους, of hangers-on and flatterers, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.139, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 21, “Eum.” 14, “Ant.” 24; εἰς ἡδονὰς ἀπὸ.. πόνων Anonymus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 4.31.84; ἀκούω σε λυρῳδοῦ γυναικὸς ἐρᾶν καὶ εἰς ἐκείνης φθειρόμενον πᾶσαν τὴν ἐφήμερον ἄγραν κατατίθεσθαι 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.18.)]
II.2 in Medicine texts, ἡ κοιλίη φθαρήσεται will be deranged, disordered, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 13.)]
II.3 to be morally corrupted, ἐφθάρη ἡ γῆ ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ [LXX+3rd c.BC+ (LXX.Gen.6.11, cf. LXX.Hos.9.9, +others; ἔστι ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ σκηνῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἀριστοβούλου φθειρόμενος “PCair.Zen.” 37.7 (3rd c.BC); φθαρεὶς Εὔτυχος ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀρσινόης [prev. work] 620.7 (3rd c.BC))]; but ἐν Σικυωνίαι ἐφθαρμένους is falsa lectio for{ἐν Σικυῶνι διεφθ}. (conjecture Sintenis) in [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Aratus” 40.)]
II.4 of seafarers, wander, drift [Refs 5th c.BC+ (compare(above 1.2, πολύφθορος 11.2, φθορά 8), πόσον χρόνον πόντου 'πὶ νώτοις ἅλιον ἐφθείρου πλάνο; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 774)]; ναυτίλους ἐφθαρμένους sailors driven out of their course, [Refs ([prev. author] “IT” 276; ἱκέτας δέχεσθαι ποντίους ἐφθαρμένους [prev. author] “Cyc.” 300)]; of shipwrecked persons, νεῶν (ἐκ νεῶν Elmsl.) φθαρέντες [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 451)]; also of travellers or wanderers by land, οὐχ ἕνα νομίζων φθείρεται πόλεως νόμον (variant{τόπον}) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 234; ὁ Μενέλαος χρόνον πολὺν ἐφθείρετο πανταχόσε τῆς Ἐλλάδος 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 7.95)]; οὐδὲν δεῖ φθείρεσθαι περιόντα (={περιιόντα}) τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπασαν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor “Orationes” 26(14).33; ἄνω κάτω διαθέοντας τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ φθειρομένους [prev. author] 1.420 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus; τῶν μετοίκων τῶν ἐξ Ἑρμιόνης οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅπως εἰς Πειραιᾶ φθαρέντων 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.13)]; μὴ περιΐδῃς ἀγαθοὺς γείτονας εἰς στενὸν τοῦ καιροῦ φθειρομένους[Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 24; [Ἀλέξανδρον] ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἰνδὸν κτλ. φθειρόμενον 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 7.4.2)]; φθαρῆναι εἰς βάρβαρα ἔθνη (ἐν βαρβάροις ἔθνεσι or ἔθεσι codices) [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd-2nd c.BC: Phalaris Epistolographus “Epistulae - Epistolographi” 49)]; φθαρέντων ἐς ἀλλήλους falling foul of one another, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Praefatio” 10 (assuming variant).)]
II.5 of women, χέρσους φθαρῆναι pine away in barrenness, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1502, compare “El.” 1181)] (unless wander, compare above [Refs (11.4). (Cf. Sanskrit)]ksárati 'flow', later 'wane, perish', Avest. γζ?~Xαρ- and ζ?~Xγαρ- 'flow'.)