Strong G5138τραχύς

τρᾱχ-ύς, εῖα, ύ:
Epic dialect and Ionic dialect τρηχύς, feminine -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης, neuter -ύ [Refs 8th c.BC+ ((8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (see. below), 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 291, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.74))]; in Ionic dialect Prose feminine τρηχέᾰ, accusative τρηχέᾰν, genitive τρηχέης, dative τρηχέῃ (imperfectly preserved in codices; in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.23, 9.122, codices ABCP have τρηχέη, -έην, -έης,)] RSV have -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είη; for codices [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus see Kühleweinip. lxxxvi))]; τρηχείην (before consonant) [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 89 codices, 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.375 codices)]; τρηχείης (as proper name) [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 47)]; genitive plural neuter ἐρίων.. τρηχείων [Refs (“GDI” 5633.14 (from Teos))]; dual in Trag. τραχεῖ, Ion Trag.67:—jagged, λίθος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.308)]; χαλινοί, opposed to λεῖοι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 9.9, compare 10.6; τ. καὶ γωνιοειδής 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Sensu” 65)]; prickly, ἄκανθαι, ἄκανθα, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.32e, 138d (both _superlative_))]; rugged, ἀκτή, ἀταρπός, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.425, 14.1)]; as epithet of Ithaca, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (9.27, 10.417; so γῆ λιθώδης καὶ τρηχέα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.23; Χερσονήσου τῆς Τρηχέης καλεομένης, of the Crimea, [prev. work] 99)]; and frequently in Trag. and Attic dialect of rocky districts, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 726, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1083)]; τὰ τραχέα, τὰ τραχύτατα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 4.10, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Flamininus” 4; τ. καὶ χαλεπὴ ὁδός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328e)]; also, rough, γλῶσσα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ νούσων” 2.63)]; ἔρια [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“GDI” [same place], “PCair.Zen.” 287.2 (3rd c.BC); σφόγγοι [prev. work] 12.56 (3rd c.BC); χῆμαι [prev. work] 82.12 (3rd c.BC))]; σινδόνες (towels, opposed to μαλακαί) [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.418; χερσὶ μὴ πάνυ μαλακαῖς, ὥσπερ αὖ μηδὲ τραχείαις, ἀνατρίβειν τὸ σῶμα [prev. work]417; τὰ τ. κατὰ τὰς ἀνωμαλίας ἀλλήλοις ἐμπλεκόμενα ἑνοῦται, τὰ δὲ λεῖα κτλ. Diocl.fragment 26; βλέφαρα 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 2.16, “PTeb.” 273 _intransitive_ (2nd-3rd c.AD))]; shaggy, τὰ κάτωθεν τ. καὶ τραγοειδής, of Pan, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 408d, compare 420e; λάσιον καὶ τ. [τὸ κέαρ].. ἔχοντες [prev. author] “Tht.” 194e)]; τ. σώματα, opposed to λεῖα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.10.1)]; of the voice, harsh, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 67c, etc.)]; especially of the voice of boys, when it breaks, μεταβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὸ -ύτερον [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 581a18; τὸ τ. τῆς φωνῆς 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Marius” 14)]; and of a person, τῇ φωνῇ τ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.6.9)]; also τραχυτάτη γλῶσσα (compare τραχύστομος) [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 14.2.28)]; of sounds and their combinations, harsh, opposed to λεῖος, σύνθεσις, διάλεκτος, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Po.Herc.” 994.32,36:)] —on τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία, see at {ἀρτηρία}.
2 of battle and conflict, ὑσμίνη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 119; νιφὰς πολέμοιο 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 4(3).17(35), compare 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 89; φάλαγγες 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 12.22.)]
3 of natural forces, ῥόθιον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 1048 (_anapaest meter_); -ύτερα τὰ νοσήματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 84c)]; of a river, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Alexander” 60, etc.; ἄελλαι 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.1078.)]
4 of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions, rough, harsh, savage, τ. ἔφεδρος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 4.96)]; οὐ τ. εἰμι καταθέμεν I am not niggardly in paying,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 7.76; Ἡσυχία [prev. author] “P.” 8.10; ἅπας δὲ τ. ὅστις ἂν νέον κρατῇ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 35, compare 188 (_anapaest meter_), 326; δικαστὴς τ. εἶ [prev. author] “Ag.” 1421; τ. γε.. δῆμος [prev. author] “Th.” 1049; τ. καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους [prev. author] “Pr.” 313; τ. ὀργή 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 447; λεῖον καὶ τ. πάθημα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 63e; νόμοι τραχύτατοι [prev. author] “Lg.” 864c)]; τὸ τ. τοῦ ἤθους, τοῦ νόμου, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Cra.” 406a, “R.” 452c; -ύτερα πράγματα 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.18)]; εὐνομίη τραχέα λειαίνει smooths the rough places, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 4.35.)]
II adverb τρᾱχέως, Ionic dialect τρηχέως, rare in the literal sense, roughly, τ. ὑλακτεῖν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Aratus” 8)]; neuter as adverb, τρηχὺ φωνῇ ἠπείλει [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.74; θάλασσα τραχὺ βοᾷ “Anthologia Graeca” 5.179 (1st c.BC: Meleager Epigrammaticus).)]
II.2 of men's acts, τρηχέως περιέπειν τινά handle roughly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73, 114)]; τραχέως ἔχειν to be rough, harshly disposed, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.33)]; τινι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.45; -ύτερον ἄρχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.55; τ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 21, etc.)]; τ. φέρειν take hardly, [Refs ([prev. author] “Lys.” 15)]; rarely τραχυτέρως, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Clitopho” 406a; περιέφθησαν τρηχύτατα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.15. (Prob. _cognate_ with θράσσω, compare ἐνθράσσω.))]