Strong G4710σπουδή
diligence
- Transliteration
- spoudē
- Pronunciation
- spoo-day'
- Morphology
- Greek Noun (Feminine)
Definition
From G4692; speed that is (by implication) despatch eagerness earnestness: - business (earnest) care (-fulness) diligence forwardness haste.
Detailed definition
σπουδή, -ῆς, ἡ
(σπεύδω), [in LXX chiefly for בָּהַל, its parts and derivatives;]
1. haste, speed: μετὰ σ. (Wis.19:2), Mrk.6:25, Luk.1:39.
2. zeal, diligence, earnestness: Rom.12:11, 2Co.7:11-12 8:7-8; ἐν σ., Rom.12:8 (see M, Pr, 104); before ὑπέρ, 2Co.8:16; σπουδὴν ἐνδείκνυσθαι, Heb.6:11; σ. παρεισφέρειν, 2Pe.1:5; πᾶσαν σ. ποιεῖσθαι, Ju 3 (see MM, xxiii; M, Pr., 214; Deiss., BS, 361, 364).†
(AS)
(σπεύδω), [in LXX chiefly for בָּהַל, its parts and derivatives;]
1. haste, speed: μετὰ σ. (Wis.19:2), Mrk.6:25, Luk.1:39.
2. zeal, diligence, earnestness: Rom.12:11, 2Co.7:11-12 8:7-8; ἐν σ., Rom.12:8 (see M, Pr, 104); before ὑπέρ, 2Co.8:16; σπουδὴν ἐνδείκνυσθαι, Heb.6:11; σ. παρεισφέρειν, 2Pe.1:5; πᾶσαν σ. ποιεῖσθαι, Ju 3 (see MM, xxiii; M, Pr., 214; Deiss., BS, 361, 364).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4710 appears in 12 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- diligence5
- care2
- haste2
- business1
- carefulness1
- forwardness1
- the1
First verses
- Mark 6:25And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.
- Luke 1:39And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Juda;
- Romans 12:8Or he that exhorteth, on exhortation: he that giveth, let him do it with simplicity; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness.
- Romans 12:11Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord;
- 2 Corinthians 7:11For behold this selfsame thing, that ye sorrowed after a godly sort, what carefulness it wrought in you, yea, what clearing of yourselves, yea, what indignation, yea, what fear, yea, what vehement desire, yea, what zeal, yea, what revenge! In all things ye have approved yourselves to be clear in this matter.
- 2 Corinthians 7:12Wherefore, though I wrote unto you, I did it not for his cause that had done the wrong, nor for his cause that suffered wrong, but that our care for you in the sight of God might appear unto you.
- 2 Corinthians 8:7Therefore, as ye abound in every thing, in faith, and utterance, and knowledge, and in all diligence, and in your love to us, see that ye abound in this grace also.
- 2 Corinthians 8:8I speak not by commandment, but by occasion of the forwardness of others, and to prove the sincerity of your love.
- 2 Corinthians 8:16But thanks be to God, which put the same earnest care into the heart of Titus for you.
- Hebrews 6:11And we desire that every one of you do shew the same diligence to the full assurance of hope unto the end:
- 2 Peter 1:5And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge;
- Jude 1:3Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
σπουδή, ἡ,
(σπεύδω) haste, speed, σπουδὴν ἔχειν make haste, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.89)]; σ. ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ haste on the journey, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.77; ὅκως ἂν αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι σπουδῆς ἔχοντα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.66)]; χωρίον.., οἷ σπουδὴν ἔχω whither I am hastening, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 288; τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 3.6)]; σπουδῇ in haste, see infr. IV; σὺν σπουδῇ ταχύς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1223)]; σὺν πάσῃ σ. with all dispatch, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (POxy. 63.5 (2nd-3rd c.AD))]; διὰ σπουδῆς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 212, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.2.28, etc.; ἐκ σπουδῆς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Mirabilia” 837a15)]; μετὰ σ. [NT+5th c.BC+ (NT.Mark.6.25, compare 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 6.4.3, etc.; κατὰ σπουδήν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.93, 2.90, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.28, etc. (but this sense frequently runs into the next).)]
II zeal, pains, trouble, effort, ἄτερ σπουδῆς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.409)]; σῆς ὑπὸ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 585; σπουδῆς οὐκ ἀξία 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 778, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 604c, etc.)]; frequently in dative σπουδῇ, zealously, see below[Refs (IV. 3; so σὺν σπουδῇ [prev. author] “Lg.” 818c)]; σὺν πολλῇ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.4)]; ἐπὶ μεγάλης σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 192c)]; μετὰ πολλῆς σ. [Refs ([prev. author] “Chrm.” 175e)]; σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι exert oneself, take pains, be eager, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.30)]; with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.4, 7.205; σ. πολλὴν ποιέεσθαι [prev. author] 6.107; πᾶσαν σ. ποιήσασθαι ὅπως.. “PHib.” 1.71.9 (3rd c.BC))]; σ. ποιεῖσθαι περί τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 177c)]; περί τινα[Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 179d; ἐπί τινι 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Salt.” 1: with _genitive_, σπουδήν τινος ποιήσασθαι)] make much ado about.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.4)]; σπουδαὶ λόγων κατατεινομένων zeal for the conflicting arguments, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 130 (_anapaest meter_); πρός τι 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 17.114; ἀμφὶ Κυράνας θέμεν σ. ἅπασαν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.276; ὅτου χάριν σ. ἔθου τήνδ᾽ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 13)]; σ. ἔχειν, with infinitive, to be eager, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.120)]; with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 7.149; σ. ἔχειν τινός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 778, 1014; περί τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Amatores” 136c; εἴς τι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 557; ὅπως τι γένηται 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 22; σ. γίγνεται περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 276e; σ. ἐστι περὶ πραγμάτων 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.2; σπουδῆς καὶ βουλῆς τὰ πράγματα προσδεῖσθαι [prev. author] 9.46)]; ἡ σ. τῆς ἀπίξιος my zeal in coming, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.49, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 257)]; ὅπλων σπουδῇ with great attention to the arms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.31, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 855d: _plural_, ἐπιμέλειαι καὶ σ. πλήθους γεννημάτων)] eagerness for.. , [Refs ([prev. work] 740d)]; zealous exertions, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1061 (Lyric poetry), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1370a12.)]
II.b in a religious sense, zeal, πρὸς τὴν θεάν [NT+2nd c.BC+ (“Inscription Magn.” 85.12 (2nd c.BC),cf. NT.Rom.12.11)]; ἐνδείκνυσθαι σ. [NT (NT.Heb.6.11.)]
II.2 esteem, regard for a person, διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.41; πάνυ πολλῆς σ. ἄξιος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.6)]; good will, good offices, σ. ὑπέρ τινος [NT+2nd c.AD+ (NT.2Cor.8.16, compare “PTeb.” 314.9 (2nd c.AD))]; support in political life, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Crassus” 7)]: plural, party feelings or attachments, rivalries, σ. ἰσχυραὶ φίλων περί τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.5; κατὰ σπουδάς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1370, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 3.8)]; σπουδαὶ ἐρώτων erotic enthusiasms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 632a.)]
II.3 disputation, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 4.27, 34 (in _plural_).)]
III earnestness, σ. ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαι,= σπουδάζειν, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 901, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 522; σπουδῆς μὲν μεστοί, γέλωτος δὲ ἐνδεέστεροι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.13, cf. NT.2Cor.7.11, etc.: frequently with a _preposition_, in adverb sense, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις)] in earnest, seriously, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.359, 12.233)]; μετὰ σπουδῆς, opposed to ἐν παιδιαῖς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.1)]; μετά τε παιδιᾶς καὶ μετὰ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 887d; οὐ σπουδῆς χάριν ἀλλὰ παιδιᾶς ἕνεκα [prev. author] “Plt.” 288c, compare “Smp.” 197e; καὶ χωρὶς σπουδῆς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπαινεῖν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1366a29.)]
III.2 object of attention, serious engagement or pursuit, σπουδὴν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλην Ἡρακλῆς ὁρμώμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 1199: _plural_, ἔν τε παιδιαῖς καὶ ἐν σπουδαῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 647d, compare 732d, +others)]
IV σπουδῇ as adverb, in haste, hastily, προερέσσαμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.279; ἀνάβαινε 15.209; στρατιὴν ἄγειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.1, compare 89)]; Doric dialect, σπουδᾷ ἐξελθοῦσα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).121.21 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; frequently in Attic dialect, σ. πάνυ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.89, etc.; σπουδῇ ποδός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 216.)]
IV.2 with great exertion and difficulty, and so, hardly, scarcely, σπουδῇ ἕζετο λαός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.99, compare 5.893, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.297; σ. παρπεπιθόντες 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.37, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.119.)]
IV.3 earnestly, seriously, urgently, τί με καλεῖς σπουδ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 849; σπουδῇ ἀκούειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 388d; σ. χαριεντίζεσθαι [prev. author] “Ap.” 24c)]; πάνυ σ. attentively, [Refs ([prev. author] “Phd.” 98b)]; πολλῇ σ. very busily, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 791, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.12, etc.; πάσῃ σ. μανθάνειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 952a, etc.)]
(σπεύδω) haste, speed, σπουδὴν ἔχειν make haste, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.89)]; σ. ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ haste on the journey, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.77; ὅκως ἂν αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι σπουδῆς ἔχοντα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.66)]; χωρίον.., οἷ σπουδὴν ἔχω whither I am hastening, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 288; τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 3.6)]; σπουδῇ in haste, see infr. IV; σὺν σπουδῇ ταχύς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1223)]; σὺν πάσῃ σ. with all dispatch, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (POxy. 63.5 (2nd-3rd c.AD))]; διὰ σπουδῆς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 212, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.2.28, etc.; ἐκ σπουδῆς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Mirabilia” 837a15)]; μετὰ σ. [NT+5th c.BC+ (NT.Mark.6.25, compare 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 6.4.3, etc.; κατὰ σπουδήν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.93, 2.90, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.28, etc. (but this sense frequently runs into the next).)]
II zeal, pains, trouble, effort, ἄτερ σπουδῆς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.409)]; σῆς ὑπὸ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 585; σπουδῆς οὐκ ἀξία 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 778, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 604c, etc.)]; frequently in dative σπουδῇ, zealously, see below[Refs (IV. 3; so σὺν σπουδῇ [prev. author] “Lg.” 818c)]; σὺν πολλῇ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.8.4)]; ἐπὶ μεγάλης σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 192c)]; μετὰ πολλῆς σ. [Refs ([prev. author] “Chrm.” 175e)]; σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι exert oneself, take pains, be eager, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.30)]; with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.4, 7.205; σ. πολλὴν ποιέεσθαι [prev. author] 6.107; πᾶσαν σ. ποιήσασθαι ὅπως.. “PHib.” 1.71.9 (3rd c.BC))]; σ. ποιεῖσθαι περί τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 177c)]; περί τινα[Refs 2nd c.AD+ ([prev. work] 179d; ἐπί τινι 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Salt.” 1: with _genitive_, σπουδήν τινος ποιήσασθαι)] make much ado about.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.4)]; σπουδαὶ λόγων κατατεινομένων zeal for the conflicting arguments, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 130 (_anapaest meter_); πρός τι 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 17.114; ἀμφὶ Κυράνας θέμεν σ. ἅπασαν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.276; ὅτου χάριν σ. ἔθου τήνδ᾽ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 13)]; σ. ἔχειν, with infinitive, to be eager, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.120)]; with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 7.149; σ. ἔχειν τινός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 778, 1014; περί τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Amatores” 136c; εἴς τι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 557; ὅπως τι γένηται 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 22; σ. γίγνεται περί τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 276e; σ. ἐστι περὶ πραγμάτων 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.2; σπουδῆς καὶ βουλῆς τὰ πράγματα προσδεῖσθαι [prev. author] 9.46)]; ἡ σ. τῆς ἀπίξιος my zeal in coming, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.49, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 257)]; ὅπλων σπουδῇ with great attention to the arms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.31, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 855d: _plural_, ἐπιμέλειαι καὶ σ. πλήθους γεννημάτων)] eagerness for.. , [Refs ([prev. work] 740d)]; zealous exertions, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1061 (Lyric poetry), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1370a12.)]
II.b in a religious sense, zeal, πρὸς τὴν θεάν [NT+2nd c.BC+ (“Inscription Magn.” 85.12 (2nd c.BC),cf. NT.Rom.12.11)]; ἐνδείκνυσθαι σ. [NT (NT.Heb.6.11.)]
II.2 esteem, regard for a person, διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.41; πάνυ πολλῆς σ. ἄξιος 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.6)]; good will, good offices, σ. ὑπέρ τινος [NT+2nd c.AD+ (NT.2Cor.8.16, compare “PTeb.” 314.9 (2nd c.AD))]; support in political life, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Crassus” 7)]: plural, party feelings or attachments, rivalries, σ. ἰσχυραὶ φίλων περί τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.5; κατὰ σπουδάς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1370, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 3.8)]; σπουδαὶ ἐρώτων erotic enthusiasms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 632a.)]
II.3 disputation, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 4.27, 34 (in _plural_).)]
III earnestness, σ. ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαι,= σπουδάζειν, [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 901, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 522; σπουδῆς μὲν μεστοί, γέλωτος δὲ ἐνδεέστεροι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.13, cf. NT.2Cor.7.11, etc.: frequently with a _preposition_, in adverb sense, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις)] in earnest, seriously, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.359, 12.233)]; μετὰ σπουδῆς, opposed to ἐν παιδιαῖς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.1)]; μετά τε παιδιᾶς καὶ μετὰ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 887d; οὐ σπουδῆς χάριν ἀλλὰ παιδιᾶς ἕνεκα [prev. author] “Plt.” 288c, compare “Smp.” 197e; καὶ χωρὶς σπουδῆς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπαινεῖν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1366a29.)]
III.2 object of attention, serious engagement or pursuit, σπουδὴν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλην Ἡρακλῆς ὁρμώμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 1199: _plural_, ἔν τε παιδιαῖς καὶ ἐν σπουδαῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 647d, compare 732d, +others)]
IV σπουδῇ as adverb, in haste, hastily, προερέσσαμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.279; ἀνάβαινε 15.209; στρατιὴν ἄγειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.1, compare 89)]; Doric dialect, σπουδᾷ ἐξελθοῦσα [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).121.21 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; frequently in Attic dialect, σ. πάνυ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.89, etc.; σπουδῇ ποδός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 216.)]
IV.2 with great exertion and difficulty, and so, hardly, scarcely, σπουδῇ ἕζετο λαός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.99, compare 5.893, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.297; σ. παρπεπιθόντες 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.37, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.119.)]
IV.3 earnestly, seriously, urgently, τί με καλεῖς σπουδ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 849; σπουδῇ ἀκούειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 388d; σ. χαριεντίζεσθαι [prev. author] “Ap.” 24c)]; πάνυ σ. attentively, [Refs ([prev. author] “Phd.” 98b)]; πολλῇ σ. very busily, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 791, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.12, etc.; πάσῃ σ. μανθάνειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 952a, etc.)]