Strong G4642σκληρός
hard
- Transliteration
- sklēros
- Pronunciation
- sklay-ros'
- Morphology
- Greek Adjective OR Greek Adverb
Definition
From the base of G4628; dry that is hard or tough (figuratively harsh severe): - fierce hard.
Detailed definition
σκληρός, -ά, -όν
(σκέλλω, to dry), [in LXX chiefly for קָשָׁה;]
hard to the touch, rough, harsh, (opposite to μαλακός); metaphorically, in various uses;
__(a) of men, hard, stern, severe: Mat.25:24;
__(b) of things, hard, rough, violent: σκληρόν σοι (ἐστι), Act.26:14; λόγος, Jhn.6:60; ἄνεμος, Jas.3:4; σκληρὰ λαλεῖν, Ju 15.†
SYN.: αὐστηρός, q.v (AS)
(σκέλλω, to dry), [in LXX chiefly for קָשָׁה;]
hard to the touch, rough, harsh, (opposite to μαλακός); metaphorically, in various uses;
__(a) of men, hard, stern, severe: Mat.25:24;
__(b) of things, hard, rough, violent: σκληρόν σοι (ἐστι), Act.26:14; λόγος, Jhn.6:60; ἄνεμος, Jas.3:4; σκληρὰ λαλεῖν, Ju 15.†
SYN.: αὐστηρός, q.v (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4642 appears in 6 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- hard5
- fierce1
First verses
- Matthew 25:24Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed:
- John 6:60Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it?
- Acts 9:5And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.
- Acts 26:14And when we were all fallen to the earth, I heard a voice speaking unto me, and saying in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.
- James 3:4Behold also the ships, which though they be so great, and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small helm, whithersoever the governor listeth.
- Jude 1:15To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
σκληρός, ά, όν,
also Doric dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.29, 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus [288])], hyperdorian mode σκλᾱρός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 104c)]:— hard, opposed to μαλακός in all senses:
I hard to the touch, ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1194)]; ἐλαία Pi.[same place]; γῆ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 319, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 16.11; κοίτη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 942d, etc.)]
I.2 of sound, harsh, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 839; βρονταί 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.12; ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Audibilibus” 801b38, +others)]
I.3 of taste and smell, harsh, bitter, σ. ὕδατα (springing from a rocky soil) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 1; so σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ τόπος 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 4.21.5)]; of wine, dry, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 579, 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus “Alex.Praef.”; ὀσμαί 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 6.14.12 (_comparative_))]: metaphorically, σ. φράσις [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “Epistula ad Pompeium” 2.)]
I.4 stiff, unyielding, opposed to ὑγρός (lithe and supple), τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1199; σκληρότεροι μαστοί 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 688a27; σκέλη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 1.6; τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ σ. [prev. work] 10.10)]; of the hair (compare σκληρόθριξ), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 517b11 (_comparative_), +others)]; σ. δέρμα, σάρξ, [Refs ([prev. author] “PA” 665a2, “Phgn.” 806b22, etc.)]; of persons, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 162b, “Smp.” 196a, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Agesilaus” 13, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Salt.” 21)]; of dogs, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 3.2; τράχηλος [prev. work] 5.30)]; οἱ τὸ σῶμα σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 873a34, +others)]
I.5 κοιλίη σ. costive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 3.25, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 670b9.)]
I.6 of light, strong, ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ [Refs ([prev. author] “Col.” 793b17.)]
I.7 of a wind, strong, [NT+2nd c.AD+ (NT.Jam.3.4, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.110, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.57.)]
II metaphorically,
II.1 of things, hard, austere, μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus [same place]; τροφή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1615; δίαιται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 525.5; βίος 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 522)]; τὰ σ. hard words, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1406; σ. συμφοραί 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 684.3; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 774)]; τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ σ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 2)]; τὸ σ. ={σκληρότης}, ἡ δίαιτα.. ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1270b33.)]
II.2 of persons, harsh, austere, cruel, stubborn, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 24.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 155e, 5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus [same place])]; σ. ἀοιδός, of the Sphinx, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 36; σ. γὰρ αἰεί 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 500; ὦ σ. δαῖμον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1264; τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός [prev. author] “Pax” 350)]; ἄγροικοι καὶ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1128a9; σ. ψυχή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1361, “Tr.” 1260 (_anapaest meter_); σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα [prev. author] “Ant.” 473; ἦθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 195e)]; σ. θράσος stubborn courage, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 261.)]
III adverb, -ρῶς καθῆσθαι, i.e. on a hard seat, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 783; εὐνάζεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 12.2.)]
III.2 hardly, with difficulty, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 282.9.)]
III.3 harshly, obstinately, σ. διαμάχεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 629a)]; ἀπειλεῖν[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 885d; τὰ μαλακὰ σ. καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ μαλακῶς λέγειν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1408b9; σ. αὐλεῖν [prev. author] “Aud.” 803a20. (Prob. _cognate_ with σκέλλω.))]
also Doric dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.29, 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus [288])], hyperdorian mode σκλᾱρός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 104c)]:— hard, opposed to μαλακός in all senses:
I hard to the touch, ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1194)]; ἐλαία Pi.[same place]; γῆ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 319, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 16.11; κοίτη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 942d, etc.)]
I.2 of sound, harsh, σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 839; βρονταί 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.12; ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Audibilibus” 801b38, +others)]
I.3 of taste and smell, harsh, bitter, σ. ὕδατα (springing from a rocky soil) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 1; so σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ τόπος 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 4.21.5)]; of wine, dry, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 579, 1st c.AD: Dioscorides (Dioscurides) Medicus “Alex.Praef.”; ὀσμαί 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 6.14.12 (_comparative_))]: metaphorically, σ. φράσις [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “Epistula ad Pompeium” 2.)]
I.4 stiff, unyielding, opposed to ὑγρός (lithe and supple), τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1199; σκληρότεροι μαστοί 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 688a27; σκέλη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 1.6; τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ σ. [prev. work] 10.10)]; of the hair (compare σκληρόθριξ), [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 517b11 (_comparative_), +others)]; σ. δέρμα, σάρξ, [Refs ([prev. author] “PA” 665a2, “Phgn.” 806b22, etc.)]; of persons, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 162b, “Smp.” 196a, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Agesilaus” 13, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Salt.” 21)]; of dogs, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 3.2; τράχηλος [prev. work] 5.30)]; οἱ τὸ σῶμα σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 873a34, +others)]
I.5 κοιλίη σ. costive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 3.25, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 670b9.)]
I.6 of light, strong, ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ [Refs ([prev. author] “Col.” 793b17.)]
I.7 of a wind, strong, [NT+2nd c.AD+ (NT.Jam.3.4, 2nd c.AD(?): Pollianus Epigrammaticus 1.110, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.57.)]
II metaphorically,
II.1 of things, hard, austere, μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus [same place]; τροφή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1615; δίαιται 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 525.5; βίος 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 522)]; τὰ σ. hard words, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1406; σ. συμφοραί 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 684.3; σκληρὰ μαλθακῶς λέγων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 774)]; τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ σ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Phocion” 2)]; τὸ σ. ={σκληρότης}, ἡ δίαιτα.. ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1270b33.)]
II.2 of persons, harsh, austere, cruel, stubborn, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 24.7, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 155e, 5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus [same place])]; σ. ἀοιδός, of the Sphinx, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 36; σ. γὰρ αἰεί 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 500; ὦ σ. δαῖμον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1264; τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός [prev. author] “Pax” 350)]; ἄγροικοι καὶ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1128a9; σ. ψυχή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1361, “Tr.” 1260 (_anapaest meter_); σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα [prev. author] “Ant.” 473; ἦθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 195e)]; σ. θράσος stubborn courage, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 261.)]
III adverb, -ρῶς καθῆσθαι, i.e. on a hard seat, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 783; εὐνάζεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 12.2.)]
III.2 hardly, with difficulty, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 282.9.)]
III.3 harshly, obstinately, σ. διαμάχεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 629a)]; ἀπειλεῖν[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 885d; τὰ μαλακὰ σ. καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ μαλακῶς λέγειν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1408b9; σ. αὐλεῖν [prev. author] “Aud.” 803a20. (Prob. _cognate_ with σκέλλω.))]