Strong G4561σάρξ
flesh
- Transliteration
- sarx
- Pronunciation
- sarx
- Morphology
- Greek Noun (Feminine)
Definition
Probably from the base of G4563; flesh (as stripped of the skin) that is (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food) or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit) or as the symbol of what is external or as the means of kindred or (by implication) human nature (with its frailties (physically or morally) and passions) or (specifically) a human being (as such): - carnal (-ly + -ly minded) flesh ([-ly]).
Detailed definition
σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ
[in LXX chiefly for בָּשָׂר;]
flesh;
1. as in cl. generally,
__(a) prop., of the soft substance of the animal body: 1Co.15:39, 2Co.12:7, Gal.6:13, al.; σ. καὶ αἷμα, 1Co.5:50; σ. καὶ ὀστέα, Luk.24:39; pl., of the flesh of many or parts of the flesh of one (cl.), Rev.17:16 19:18; φαγεῖν, Re, ll. with (cf. κατεσθίειν, 4Ki.9:36, al., and βιβρώσκειν, frequently in l.); metaphorically, Jas.5:3; mystically, φ. (τρώγειν) τὴν σ. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου, Jhn.6:52-56;
__(b) Of the whole substance of the body, = σῶμα: Act.2:26 (LXX), 31, 2Co.12:7, Gal.4:14, Eph.5:29; μία σ., Mrk.10:8; εἰς σ. μίαν (Gen.2:24), Mat.19:5, Mrk.10:8, 1Co.6:16, Eph.5:31; hence, of the material as opposite to the immaterial part of man (cf. Lft., Notes, 88): opposite to πνεῦμα, 1Co.5:5, 2Co.7:1, Col.2:5, 1Pe.3:18, 4:6; to ψύχη, Act.2:31, Rec.; of the present life, ἐν (τῇ) σ., Rom.7:5, Gal.2:20, Php.1:22, 24 1Pe.4:2; of Christ's life on earth, αἱ ἡμέραι τ. σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, Heb.5:7; of things pertaining to the body, ἐν (τῇ) σ., Gal.6:12, 13 Php.3:3, 4.
2. As in Heb. idiom,
__(a) of a living creature: πᾶσα σ. (Heb. כָּל־בָּשָׂר; cf. Bl., §47, 9), Mat.24:22, Mrk.13:20, 1Pe.1:24; esp. of man and his mortality (Psa.55 (56):5, Sir.28:5, al.), Jhn.1:14; πᾶσα σ. (see supr.), Luk.3:6, Jhn.17:2, Act.2:17, ἐν σ., 1Jo.4:2, 1Ti.3:16;
__(b) of natural origin and relationship (Gen.2:24, Isa.58:7, al.): τέκνα τῆς σ., Rom.9:8; κατὰ σάρκα, ib. 3, 5, 1Co.10:18, Gal.4:23, 29; ἡ σ. μου, Rom.11:14 (cf. Jdg.9:2, 2Ki.5:1, al.).
3. Of the physical nature as subject to sensation and desire (Plut.),
__(a) without any ethical disparagement: Rom.7:18 13:14; opposite to πνεῦμα, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38; τ. θέλημα τῆς σ., Jhn.1:13; ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σ., 1Jn.2:16; pl., 2Pe.2:18; παθεῖν σαρκί, 1Pe.4:1;
__(b) in ethical sense, esp. in Pauline Epp., of the flesh as the seat and vehicle of sinful desires: opposite to νοῦς, Rom.7:25; to πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4-9, 12, 13, Gal.5:16, 17 19 6:8 (cf. DB, ii, 14f.; iv, 165f.; Cremer, 844ff.).
(AS)
[in LXX chiefly for בָּשָׂר;]
flesh;
1. as in cl. generally,
__(a) prop., of the soft substance of the animal body: 1Co.15:39, 2Co.12:7, Gal.6:13, al.; σ. καὶ αἷμα, 1Co.5:50; σ. καὶ ὀστέα, Luk.24:39; pl., of the flesh of many or parts of the flesh of one (cl.), Rev.17:16 19:18; φαγεῖν, Re, ll. with (cf. κατεσθίειν, 4Ki.9:36, al., and βιβρώσκειν, frequently in l.); metaphorically, Jas.5:3; mystically, φ. (τρώγειν) τὴν σ. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου, Jhn.6:52-56;
__(b) Of the whole substance of the body, = σῶμα: Act.2:26 (LXX), 31, 2Co.12:7, Gal.4:14, Eph.5:29; μία σ., Mrk.10:8; εἰς σ. μίαν (Gen.2:24), Mat.19:5, Mrk.10:8, 1Co.6:16, Eph.5:31; hence, of the material as opposite to the immaterial part of man (cf. Lft., Notes, 88): opposite to πνεῦμα, 1Co.5:5, 2Co.7:1, Col.2:5, 1Pe.3:18, 4:6; to ψύχη, Act.2:31, Rec.; of the present life, ἐν (τῇ) σ., Rom.7:5, Gal.2:20, Php.1:22, 24 1Pe.4:2; of Christ's life on earth, αἱ ἡμέραι τ. σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, Heb.5:7; of things pertaining to the body, ἐν (τῇ) σ., Gal.6:12, 13 Php.3:3, 4.
2. As in Heb. idiom,
__(a) of a living creature: πᾶσα σ. (Heb. כָּל־בָּשָׂר; cf. Bl., §47, 9), Mat.24:22, Mrk.13:20, 1Pe.1:24; esp. of man and his mortality (Psa.55 (56):5, Sir.28:5, al.), Jhn.1:14; πᾶσα σ. (see supr.), Luk.3:6, Jhn.17:2, Act.2:17, ἐν σ., 1Jo.4:2, 1Ti.3:16;
__(b) of natural origin and relationship (Gen.2:24, Isa.58:7, al.): τέκνα τῆς σ., Rom.9:8; κατὰ σάρκα, ib. 3, 5, 1Co.10:18, Gal.4:23, 29; ἡ σ. μου, Rom.11:14 (cf. Jdg.9:2, 2Ki.5:1, al.).
3. Of the physical nature as subject to sensation and desire (Plut.),
__(a) without any ethical disparagement: Rom.7:18 13:14; opposite to πνεῦμα, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38; τ. θέλημα τῆς σ., Jhn.1:13; ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς σ., 1Jn.2:16; pl., 2Pe.2:18; παθεῖν σαρκί, 1Pe.4:1;
__(b) in ethical sense, esp. in Pauline Epp., of the flesh as the seat and vehicle of sinful desires: opposite to νοῦς, Rom.7:25; to πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4-9, 12, 13, Gal.5:16, 17 19 6:8 (cf. DB, ii, 14f.; iv, 165f.; Cremer, 844ff.).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4561 appears in 130 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- flesh126
- carnal2
- of2
- carnally1
- fleshly1
First verses
- Matthew 16:17And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar–jona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven.
- Matthew 19:5And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh?
- Matthew 19:6Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.
- Matthew 24:22And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.
- Matthew 26:41Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.
- Mark 10:8And they twain shall be one flesh: so then they are no more twain, but one flesh.
- Mark 13:20And except that the Lord had shortened those days, no flesh should be saved: but for the elect’s sake, whom he hath chosen, he hath shortened the days.
- Mark 14:38Watch ye and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak.
- Luke 3:6And all flesh shall see the salvation of God.
- Luke 24:39Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.
- John 1:13Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
- John 1:14And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
- John 3:6That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
- John 6:51I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.
- John 6:52The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can this man give us his flesh to eat?
- John 6:53Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you.
- John 6:54Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.
- John 6:55For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.
- John 6:56He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him.
- John 6:63It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
σάρξ,
genitive σαρκός, ἡ, Aeolic dialect σύρξ [Refs (“Etymologicum Magnum” 708.31)]:— flesh, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] always in plural, except [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.450, compare 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 364, 461; κορέει κύνας.. δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.380; ἔγκατά τε σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.293, compare 11.219; σάρκες περιτρομέοντο μέλεσσιν 18.77, compare 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 538, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 168, etc.; τούτου σάρκας λύκοι πάσονται 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1040; ὀπτὰς σάρκας [prev. author] “Ag.” 1097; σάρκες δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ ὀστέων.. ἀπέρρεον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1200)]; sometimes to represent the whole body, μήτε γῆ δέξαιτό μου σάρκας θανόντος [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Hipp.” 1031, compare 1239, 1343 (_anapaest meter_): _sing._ later in same sense, τοῦ αἵματος.. πηγνυμένου σ. γίνεται (of the foetus) 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 15, compare “Steril.” 233; κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χάριν ἐμᾶς σαρκὸς αἰόλας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1157 (Lyric poetry); ἔδαπτον σάρκα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1189, compare “Ba.” 1136, “Cyc.” 344, etc.)]: also collectively, of the body, γέροντα τὸν νοῦν, σάρκα δ᾽ ἡβῶσαν φέρει [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 622; σαρκὶ παλαιᾶ [prev. author] “Ag.” 72 (_anapaest meter_))]; σαρκὸς περιβόλαια, ἐνδυτά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1269, “Ba.” 746:— 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)] uses singular and plural in much the same manner, ταῖς σαρξὶ σάρκες προσγένωνται [Refs (“Phd.” 96d, compare “Smp.” 211e, “R.” 556d, “Grg.” 518c, etc.; τῆς σαρκὸς διαλυτικόν “Ti.” 60b, compare 61c, 62b)], etc.: portions of meat, usually in plural, σάρκας τρεῖς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12(7).237.17 (from Amorgos) (_sing._, [prev. work]12(2).498.16 (Methymna, 3rd c.BC)))]; but, pieces of flesh or membrane, βήσσοντα.. ὥστε σάρκας ἐνπύους.. ἀποβάλλειν [Refs (“SIG” 1171.5 (from Lebena).)]
b εἰς σάρκα πημαίνειν to the quick, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Herc.” 1289p.60V.)]
2 ἡ σ. τοῦ σκύτεος the inner or flesh-side of leather, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 33.)]
3 fleshy, pulpy substance of fruit, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 6.8.5, “HP” 1.2.6, 4.15.1, +others)]
II the flesh, as the seat of the affections and lusts, fleshly nature, ἐν τῇ σ. ἡ ἡδονή [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 18, compare “Sent.Vat.” 33)]; ἀδούλωτον (probable reading) τῇ σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς ταύτης πάθεσι [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.107f)], compare 101b; frequently in NT, [NT (NT.Gal.5.19, +others)]
II.2 in “NT” also, the body, τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοια [NT (NT.Rom.13.14; οὔτε ἡ σ. αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν NT.Act.2.31, etc.: hence (partly as a Hebraism) πᾶσα σάρξ)], = every-body, [LXX+NT (LXX.Gen.6.12, +others, NT.Luke.3.6, etc.)]; οὐ.. πᾶσα σάρξ nobody, [NT (NT.Matt.24.22, etc.)]
II.3 the physical or natural order of things, opposed to the spiritual or supernatural, σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα [NT (NT.1Cor.1.26; ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες NT.Phil.3.3)]; τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ πάσης σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 1181.3 (2nd c.BC, Jewish). (Perh. I.- 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] twr[kcirc]- 'portion', cf. Avest. θwar[schwa]s- 'cut'.)
genitive σαρκός, ἡ, Aeolic dialect σύρξ [Refs (“Etymologicum Magnum” 708.31)]:— flesh, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] always in plural, except [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.450, compare 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 364, 461; κορέει κύνας.. δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.380; ἔγκατά τε σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.293, compare 11.219; σάρκες περιτρομέοντο μέλεσσιν 18.77, compare 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 538, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 168, etc.; τούτου σάρκας λύκοι πάσονται 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1040; ὀπτὰς σάρκας [prev. author] “Ag.” 1097; σάρκες δ᾽ ἀπ᾽ ὀστέων.. ἀπέρρεον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1200)]; sometimes to represent the whole body, μήτε γῆ δέξαιτό μου σάρκας θανόντος [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Hipp.” 1031, compare 1239, 1343 (_anapaest meter_): _sing._ later in same sense, τοῦ αἵματος.. πηγνυμένου σ. γίνεται (of the foetus) 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ φύσιος παιδίου” 15, compare “Steril.” 233; κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χάριν ἐμᾶς σαρκὸς αἰόλας 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1157 (Lyric poetry); ἔδαπτον σάρκα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1189, compare “Ba.” 1136, “Cyc.” 344, etc.)]: also collectively, of the body, γέροντα τὸν νοῦν, σάρκα δ᾽ ἡβῶσαν φέρει [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 622; σαρκὶ παλαιᾶ [prev. author] “Ag.” 72 (_anapaest meter_))]; σαρκὸς περιβόλαια, ἐνδυτά, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1269, “Ba.” 746:— 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus)] uses singular and plural in much the same manner, ταῖς σαρξὶ σάρκες προσγένωνται [Refs (“Phd.” 96d, compare “Smp.” 211e, “R.” 556d, “Grg.” 518c, etc.; τῆς σαρκὸς διαλυτικόν “Ti.” 60b, compare 61c, 62b)], etc.: portions of meat, usually in plural, σάρκας τρεῖς [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“IG” 12(7).237.17 (from Amorgos) (_sing._, [prev. work]12(2).498.16 (Methymna, 3rd c.BC)))]; but, pieces of flesh or membrane, βήσσοντα.. ὥστε σάρκας ἐνπύους.. ἀποβάλλειν [Refs (“SIG” 1171.5 (from Lebena).)]
b εἰς σάρκα πημαίνειν to the quick, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Herc.” 1289p.60V.)]
2 ἡ σ. τοῦ σκύτεος the inner or flesh-side of leather, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 33.)]
3 fleshy, pulpy substance of fruit, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 6.8.5, “HP” 1.2.6, 4.15.1, +others)]
II the flesh, as the seat of the affections and lusts, fleshly nature, ἐν τῇ σ. ἡ ἡδονή [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 18, compare “Sent.Vat.” 33)]; ἀδούλωτον (probable reading) τῇ σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς ταύτης πάθεσι [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.107f)], compare 101b; frequently in NT, [NT (NT.Gal.5.19, +others)]
II.2 in “NT” also, the body, τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοια [NT (NT.Rom.13.14; οὔτε ἡ σ. αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν NT.Act.2.31, etc.: hence (partly as a Hebraism) πᾶσα σάρξ)], = every-body, [LXX+NT (LXX.Gen.6.12, +others, NT.Luke.3.6, etc.)]; οὐ.. πᾶσα σάρξ nobody, [NT (NT.Matt.24.22, etc.)]
II.3 the physical or natural order of things, opposed to the spiritual or supernatural, σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα [NT (NT.1Cor.1.26; ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες NT.Phil.3.3)]; τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ πάσης σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“SIG” 1181.3 (2nd c.BC, Jewish). (Perh. I.- 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] twr[kcirc]- 'portion', cf. Avest. θwar[schwa]s- 'cut'.)