Strong G4437πυκνός
often
- Transliteration
- puknos
- Pronunciation
- pook-nos'
- Morphology
- Greek Adjective
Definition
From the same as G4635; clasped (thick) that is (figuratively) frequent; neuter plural (as adverb) frequently: - often (-er).
Detailed definition
πυκιός, -ή, -όν
[in LXX: Eze.31:3 A (חֹרֶשׁ), 3Ma.1:28 3Mac 4:10, 4Ma.12:12 *;]
1. close, compact, solid.
2. frequent: 1Ti.5:23. Neut. pl., πυκνά, as adv., much, often: Mrk.7:3 Τ (see: πυγμή), Luk.5:33. Comparat., πυκνότερον, very often or so much the oftener (seeBl., § 44, 3,): Act.24:26.†
(AS)
[in LXX: Eze.31:3 A (חֹרֶשׁ), 3Ma.1:28 3Mac 4:10, 4Ma.12:12 *;]
1. close, compact, solid.
2. frequent: 1Ti.5:23. Neut. pl., πυκνά, as adv., much, often: Mrk.7:3 Τ (see: πυγμή), Luk.5:33. Comparat., πυκνότερον, very often or so much the oftener (seeBl., § 44, 3,): Act.24:26.†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4437 appears in 3 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- often2
- oftener1
First verses
- Luke 5:33And they said unto him, Why do the disciples of John fast often, and make prayers, and likewise the disciples of the Pharisees; but thine eat and drink?
- Acts 24:26He hoped also that money should have been given him of Paul, that he might loose him: wherefore he sent for him the oftener, and communed with him.
- 1 Timothy 5:23Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach’s sake and thine often infirmities.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
πυκνός, ή, όν,
poetry also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Epic dialect (see. below) and Lyric poetry, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.52 (_superlative_), 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus “fragment” 1)]; Aeolic dialect πύκνος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.11, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9 (πύκινος)] is uncertain reading [Refs ([prev. author] 82))]; Trag. πυκνός, except [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus in Lyric poetry, “Aj.” 1208, “Ph.” 854)]; πυκινός once in Comedy texts, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 38 (assuming variant): _Laconian dialect_ _superlative_ πουκότατος is corrupt in 3rd c.BC: Simmias 26.17)]:— close, compact.
I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid, πυκινὸς θώρηξ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.529; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.521; πυκινὸν νέφος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.751)]; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (9.621, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.340; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.349; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 27.3; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.7.15; π. δέμας 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 8.59)]; of a sponge, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἑλκῶν” 2; π. ὀστοῦν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 75b, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22)]; [σάρκες] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 74e)]; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 59b; ἔβενος 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.5.5; πλεύμων 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.698b; χωρία [prev. work]650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Apollinem” 89)]; [ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“PFay.” 113.8 (1st-2nd c.AD))]; ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3073.104 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC))]; of a woman, thick-set, stocky, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.34.)]
I.2 narrow, constricted, οὐ διέρχεται.. ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς.., πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.73; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος 3rd c.AD: Alexander Aphrodisiensis Philosophus “Problemata - Physici et Medici Graeci Minores” 1.6.)]
II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.281; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί 7.61, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392, etc.(see. below 111.1); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.480; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.453; σταυροὺς.. πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.12)]; of thick plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5.53; πτερὰ πυκνά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.454, 23.879)]; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.11 (and so perhaps 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus [same places]))]; frequently of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.320, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.439, 5.471, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.245, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.473, 10.150, 19.520; π. νέφεα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 553)]; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.212)]; πυκινοῖσι.. βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (11.576; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.36; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.218)]; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 678)]; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ch.” 1050)]; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 636; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις [prev. author] “Aj.” 1208 (Lyric poetry); πυκνῇ νιφάδι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1129)]; π. ῥόος a dense current, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 100.14; π. θρίξ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 4.6; π. τρίχες 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 321a)]; [δένδρεα] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.22, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.8.2; τὰ μὲν π... τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.8.2.)]
II.b in Tactics, in close order, opposed to ἀραιός, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Asclepiodotus Tacticus “Tact.” 4.1 (_superlative_), 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Tactica” 11.1 (_comparative_).)]
II.2 of a repeated action, frequent, numerous, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 658; τῶν π. φιλημάτων [prev. author] “fragment” 135; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 109 (_anapaest meter_); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 235)]; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 844)]; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 871.1; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον)] quicker breathing, [Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. author] “Acut.” 16; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.136f)]; continuous, constant, φῶς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Corpus Hermeticum” 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.44; ἡ.. εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ.. πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 40a; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί [prev. author] “R.” 573e; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.20: with)]infinitive, πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.1 codices)]
III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (see. below [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.1), 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.267, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.68, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.167, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.229, 10.283; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.804; π. δῶμα 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 17)]: hence, close, concealed, πυκινὸς δόλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.187; and so perhaps π. λόχος, see above 11.1.)]
III.2 in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus “Harmonica” p.24M., compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1135b, etc.)]
IV generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive, ἄτη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.480; μελεδῶναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.516; ἄχος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.599.)]
V metaphorically of the mind, shrewd, wise, πυκιναὶ φρένες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (14.294, compare 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus [same place]; νόος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.461; μήδεα 3.208; βουλή 2.55; ἐφετμή 18.216; μῦθοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.23; ἔπος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.788)]; θυμός, βουλαί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.73, “I.” 7(6).8; φρήν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 67)]; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.141, compare “IG” 3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568a)]; τὸ π. terseness of expression, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Thucydide” 24.)]
V.2 of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.52; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν [prev. author] “fragment” 106)]; πυκινοί the wise, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 854 (Lyric poetry); πυκνότατον κίναδος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 430 (Lyric poetry); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ 5th c.BC: Critias Philosophus, Tragicus, Elegiacus 25.12.)]
B adverb πυκινῶς, and after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι)] close or fast shut, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.475, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.344, etc.)]
B.2 sorely (see. above [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.312, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.95, +others)]; constantly, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.22.)]
B.3 sagaciously, shrewdly, π. ὑποθήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.279, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.293; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 438 (Lyric poetry, assuming variant).)]
B.II neuter singular and plural, πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as adverb, especially in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.438, 17.198; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88; τέττιξ.. καταχεύετ᾽ ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 584: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 2; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 501b; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.1.8; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1357b19)]; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 41.24; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 420d)]. adverb -οτέρως[Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lesbonax Grammaticus 23, “PLond.” 5.1929 (4th c.AD))]: superlative πυκνότατα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 11.11.)]
B.II.2 πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (see. supr. A.V) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.445.)]
B.III poetry adverb πύκα [??], thickly, solidly, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1.436; π. π. δόμοιο 22.455; σάκεος π. π. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18. 608; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317, compare 15.689, 739)]; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι [Refs (12.454.)]
B.III.2 θάλαμος πύκ᾽ ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, [Refs (9.588.)]
B.III.3 wisely, π. φρονεῖν [Refs 4th c.AD+ ([prev. work] 554, 14.217, 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 1.449, +others)]; τρέφειν rear carefully, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.70.)]
poetry also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Epic dialect (see. below) and Lyric poetry, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.52 (_superlative_), 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus “fragment” 1)]; Aeolic dialect πύκνος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.11, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9 (πύκινος)] is uncertain reading [Refs ([prev. author] 82))]; Trag. πυκνός, except [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus in Lyric poetry, “Aj.” 1208, “Ph.” 854)]; πυκινός once in Comedy texts, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 38 (assuming variant): _Laconian dialect_ _superlative_ πουκότατος is corrupt in 3rd c.BC: Simmias 26.17)]:— close, compact.
I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid, πυκινὸς θώρηξ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.529; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.521; πυκινὸν νέφος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.751)]; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (9.621, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.340; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.349; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 27.3; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.7.15; π. δέμας 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 8.59)]; of a sponge, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἑλκῶν” 2; π. ὀστοῦν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 75b, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22)]; [σάρκες] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 74e)]; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 59b; ἔβενος 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.5.5; πλεύμων 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.698b; χωρία [prev. work]650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Apollinem” 89)]; [ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“PFay.” 113.8 (1st-2nd c.AD))]; ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“IG” 7.3073.104 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC))]; of a woman, thick-set, stocky, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.34.)]
I.2 narrow, constricted, οὐ διέρχεται.. ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς.., πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.73; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος 3rd c.AD: Alexander Aphrodisiensis Philosophus “Problemata - Physici et Medici Graeci Minores” 1.6.)]
II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.281; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί 7.61, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392, etc.(see. below 111.1); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.480; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.453; σταυροὺς.. πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.12)]; of thick plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5.53; πτερὰ πυκνά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.454, 23.879)]; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.11 (and so perhaps 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus [same places]))]; frequently of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.320, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.439, 5.471, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.245, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.473, 10.150, 19.520; π. νέφεα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 553)]; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.212)]; πυκινοῖσι.. βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts,[Refs 8th c.BC+ (11.576; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.36; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.218)]; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 678)]; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ch.” 1050)]; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 636; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις [prev. author] “Aj.” 1208 (Lyric poetry); πυκνῇ νιφάδι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1129)]; π. ῥόος a dense current, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 100.14; π. θρίξ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 4.6; π. τρίχες 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 321a)]; [δένδρεα] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.22, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.8.2; τὰ μὲν π... τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.8.2.)]
II.b in Tactics, in close order, opposed to ἀραιός, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Asclepiodotus Tacticus “Tact.” 4.1 (_superlative_), 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Tactica” 11.1 (_comparative_).)]
II.2 of a repeated action, frequent, numerous, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 658; τῶν π. φιλημάτων [prev. author] “fragment” 135; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 109 (_anapaest meter_); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 235)]; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 844)]; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 871.1; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον)] quicker breathing, [Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. author] “Acut.” 16; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.136f)]; continuous, constant, φῶς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (“Corpus Hermeticum” 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.44; ἡ.. εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ.. πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 40a; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί [prev. author] “R.” 573e; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.20: with)]infinitive, πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.1 codices)]
III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (see. below [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.1), 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.267, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.68, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.167, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.229, 10.283; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.804; π. δῶμα 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 17)]: hence, close, concealed, πυκινὸς δόλος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.187; and so perhaps π. λόχος, see above 11.1.)]
III.2 in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus “Harmonica” p.24M., compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1135b, etc.)]
IV generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive, ἄτη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.480; μελεδῶναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.516; ἄχος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.599.)]
V metaphorically of the mind, shrewd, wise, πυκιναὶ φρένες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (14.294, compare 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus [same place]; νόος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.461; μήδεα 3.208; βουλή 2.55; ἐφετμή 18.216; μῦθοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.23; ἔπος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.788)]; θυμός, βουλαί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.73, “I.” 7(6).8; φρήν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 67)]; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.141, compare “IG” 3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568a)]; τὸ π. terseness of expression, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Thucydide” 24.)]
V.2 of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.52; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν [prev. author] “fragment” 106)]; πυκινοί the wise, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 854 (Lyric poetry); πυκνότατον κίναδος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 430 (Lyric poetry); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ 5th c.BC: Critias Philosophus, Tragicus, Elegiacus 25.12.)]
B adverb πυκινῶς, and after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι)] close or fast shut, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.475, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.344, etc.)]
B.2 sorely (see. above [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.312, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.95, +others)]; constantly, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.22.)]
B.3 sagaciously, shrewdly, π. ὑποθήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.279, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.293; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 438 (Lyric poetry, assuming variant).)]
B.II neuter singular and plural, πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as adverb, especially in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.438, 17.198; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88; τέττιξ.. καταχεύετ᾽ ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 584: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 2; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 501b; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.1.8; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1357b19)]; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 41.24; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 420d)]. adverb -οτέρως[Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lesbonax Grammaticus 23, “PLond.” 5.1929 (4th c.AD))]: superlative πυκνότατα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 11.11.)]
B.II.2 πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (see. supr. A.V) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.445.)]
B.III poetry adverb πύκα [??], thickly, solidly, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (1.436; π. π. δόμοιο 22.455; σάκεος π. π. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18. 608; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317, compare 15.689, 739)]; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι [Refs (12.454.)]
B.III.2 θάλαμος πύκ᾽ ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, [Refs (9.588.)]
B.III.3 wisely, π. φρονεῖν [Refs 4th c.AD+ ([prev. work] 554, 14.217, 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 1.449, +others)]; τρέφειν rear carefully, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.70.)]