Strong G4434πτωχός
poor
- Transliteration
- ptōchos
- Pronunciation
- pto-khos'
- Morphology
- Greek Noun
Definition
From πτώσσω ptōssō (to crouch; akin to G4422 and the alternate of G4098); a beggar (as cringing) that is pauper (strictly denoting absolute or public mendicancy although also used in a qualified or relative sense; whereas G3993 properly means only straitened circumstances in private) literally (often as noun) or figuratively (distressed): - beggar (-ly) poor.
Detailed definition
πτωχός, -ή, -όν
(πτώσσω, to crouch, cower), [in LXX for עָנִי, דַּל, רָשׁ, etc.;]
of one who crouches and cowers, hence,
1. as subst., a beggar: Luk.14:13, 21 16:20, 22.
2. As adj.,
__(a) prop., beggarly: metaphorically, στοιχεῖα, Gal.4:9 (see Lft., in l);
__(b) in broader sense (opposite to πλούσιος), poor: Mat.11:5 19:21 26:9, 11, Mrk.10:21 12:42-43 14:5, 7, Luk.4:18 7:22 18:22 19:8 21:3, Jhn.12:5-6, 8 13:29, Rom.15:26, 2Co.6:10, Gal.2:10, Jas.2:2-3, 6, Rev.13:16; π. τ. κόσμῳ, Jas.2:5; metaphorically, Luk.6:20, Rev.3:17; π. τ. πνεύματι, Mat.5:3.†
SYN.: πένης, q.v (AS)
(πτώσσω, to crouch, cower), [in LXX for עָנִי, דַּל, רָשׁ, etc.;]
of one who crouches and cowers, hence,
1. as subst., a beggar: Luk.14:13, 21 16:20, 22.
2. As adj.,
__(a) prop., beggarly: metaphorically, στοιχεῖα, Gal.4:9 (see Lft., in l);
__(b) in broader sense (opposite to πλούσιος), poor: Mat.11:5 19:21 26:9, 11, Mrk.10:21 12:42-43 14:5, 7, Luk.4:18 7:22 18:22 19:8 21:3, Jhn.12:5-6, 8 13:29, Rom.15:26, 2Co.6:10, Gal.2:10, Jas.2:2-3, 6, Rev.13:16; π. τ. κόσμῳ, Jas.2:5; metaphorically, Luk.6:20, Rev.3:17; π. τ. πνεύματι, Mat.5:3.†
SYN.: πένης, q.v (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4434 appears in 34 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- poor30
- beggar2
- beggarly1
- man1
First verses
- Matthew 5:3Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 11:5The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them.
- Matthew 19:21Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me.
- Matthew 26:9For this ointment might have been sold for much, and given to the poor.
- Matthew 26:11For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always.
- Mark 10:21Then Jesus beholding him loved him, and said unto him, One thing thou lackest: go thy way, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, take up the cross, and follow me.
- Mark 12:42And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.
- Mark 12:43And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:
- Mark 14:5For it might have been sold for more than three hundred pence, and have been given to the poor. And they murmured against her.
- Mark 14:7For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good: but me ye have not always.
- Luke 4:18The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,
- Luke 6:20And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said, Blessed be ye poor: for yours is the kingdom of God.
- Luke 7:22Then Jesus answering said unto them, Go your way, and tell John what things ye have seen and heard; how that the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, to the poor the gospel is preached.
- Luke 14:13But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind:
- Luke 14:21So that servant came, and shewed his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind.
- Luke 16:20And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his gate, full of sores,
- Luke 16:22And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels into Abraham’s bosom: the rich man also died, and was buried;
- Luke 18:22Now when Jesus heard these things, he said unto him, Yet lackest thou one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me.
- Luke 19:8And Zaccheus stood, and said unto the Lord; Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold.
- Luke 21:3And he said, Of a truth I say unto you, that this poor widow hath cast in more than they all:
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
πτωχός, ή, όν,
also ός, όν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1274, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 444, 751)]:— beggar, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.400, 18.1, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.14, etc.; πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.208, compare 17.475; πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 26; π. ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθών 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.327; π. καὶ ἀλήμονες ἄνδρες 19.74; πτωχοὺς ἀλᾶσθαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 515; πτωχοῦ βίος ζῆν ἐστιν μηδὲν ἔχοντα, τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φειδόμενον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 552: proverbial, πτωχοῦ πήρη οὐ πίμπλαται 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 360: πτωχή)] beggar-woman, [NT+5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 10.453a (so πτωχός (_feminine_), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 444); χήρα πτωχή NT.Mark.12.42.)]
2 metaphorically, οἱ π. τῷ πνεύματι [NT (NT.Matt.5.3, cf. NT.Luke.6.20.)]
II as adjective, beggarly, πτωχῷ διαίτῃ [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 751; π. στοιχεῖα NT.Gal.4.9)]: with genitive, beggared of, poor in, [πηγὴ] π. νυμφῶν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 9.258 (1st c.AD: Antiphanes Macedo Epigrammaticus).)]
II.2 comparative πτωχότερος [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Timocles Comicus 6.10)]; proverbial, π. κίγκλου 'as poor as a church mouse', [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 221; irregular πτωχίστερος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 425)]: superlative πτωχότατος [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 10.50 (6th c.AD: Palladas Epigrammaticus).)]
II.3 adverb -χῶς poorly, scantily, ἠροτρία π. μέν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀναγκαίως [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Babrius Fabularum Scriptor 55.2.)]
also ός, όν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1274, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 444, 751)]:— beggar, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.400, 18.1, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.14, etc.; πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.208, compare 17.475; πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 26; π. ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθών 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.327; π. καὶ ἀλήμονες ἄνδρες 19.74; πτωχοὺς ἀλᾶσθαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 515; πτωχοῦ βίος ζῆν ἐστιν μηδὲν ἔχοντα, τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φειδόμενον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 552: proverbial, πτωχοῦ πήρη οὐ πίμπλαται 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Fragmenta” 360: πτωχή)] beggar-woman, [NT+5th c.BC+ (2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 10.453a (so πτωχός (_feminine_), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 444); χήρα πτωχή NT.Mark.12.42.)]
2 metaphorically, οἱ π. τῷ πνεύματι [NT (NT.Matt.5.3, cf. NT.Luke.6.20.)]
II as adjective, beggarly, πτωχῷ διαίτῃ [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 751; π. στοιχεῖα NT.Gal.4.9)]: with genitive, beggared of, poor in, [πηγὴ] π. νυμφῶν [Refs 1st c.AD+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 9.258 (1st c.AD: Antiphanes Macedo Epigrammaticus).)]
II.2 comparative πτωχότερος [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Timocles Comicus 6.10)]; proverbial, π. κίγκλου 'as poor as a church mouse', [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 221; irregular πτωχίστερος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 425)]: superlative πτωχότατος [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 10.50 (6th c.AD: Palladas Epigrammaticus).)]
II.3 adverb -χῶς poorly, scantily, ἠροτρία π. μέν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀναγκαίως [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Babrius Fabularum Scriptor 55.2.)]