Strong G4190πονηρός
evil/bad
- Transliteration
- ponēros
- Pronunciation
- pon-ay-ros'
- Morphology
- Greek Adjective
Definition
From a derivative of G4192; hurtful that is evil (properly in effect or influence and thus differing from G2556 which refers rather to essential character as well as from G4550 which indicates degeneracy from original virtue); figuratively calamitous; also (passively) ill that is diseased; but especially (morally) culpable that is derelict 6
vicious facinorous; neuter (singular) mischief malice or (plural) guilt; masculine (singular) the devil or (plural) sinners : - bad evil grievous harm lewd malicious wicked (-ness). See also G4191 .
vicious facinorous; neuter (singular) mischief malice or (plural) guilt; masculine (singular) the devil or (plural) sinners : - bad evil grievous harm lewd malicious wicked (-ness). See also G4191 .
Detailed definition
πονηρός, -ά, -όν
(πονέω, to toil), [in LXX chiefly for רַע;]
1.
__(a) of persons, oppressed by toils (Hes.);
__(b) of things, toilsome, painful (καιρός, Sir.51:12): Eph.5:16 6:13 Rev.16:2.
2. bad, worthless;
__(a) in physical sense: καρπός, Mat.7:17-18;
__(b) in ethical sense, bad, evil, wicked;
__(α) of persons: Mat.7:11 12:34-35 18:32 25:26, Luk.6:45 11:13 19:22, Act.17:5, 2Th.3:2, 2Ti.3:13; γενεά, Mat.12:39, 45 16:4, Luk.11:29; πνεῦμια, Mat.12:45, Luk.7:21 8:2 11:26, Act.19:12-13, 15-16; as subst., οἱ π., opposite to δίκαιοι, Mat.13:49; to ἀγαθοί, Mat.5:45 22:10; οἱ ἀχάριστοι καὶ π., Luk.6:35; sing., ὁ π., Mat.5:39, 1Co.5:13; id. esp. of Satan, the evil one, Mat.5:37 6:13 (see Lft., Notes, 125 ff.; but cf. McN, in l) Mat.13:19, 38, Luk.11:4 (WH, R, om.), Jhn.17:15, Eph.6:16, 2Th.3:3 (Lft., Notes, l.with), 1Jn.2:13-14 Jn 3:12 Jn 5:18-19;
__(β) of things: Mat.5:11 12:35 15:19, Luk.6:22, 45, Jhn.3:19 7:7, Act.18:14 25:18, Gal.1:4, Col.1:21, 1Ti.6:4, 2Ti.4:18, Heb.3:12 10:22, Jas.2:4 4:16, 1Jn.3:12, II Jn 11, 3Jn.10; ὀφθαλμός (which see), Mat.6:23 20:15, Mrk.7:22, Luk.11:34; as subst., neut., τὸ π., Act.28:21, 1Th.5:22; opposite to ἀγαθόν, Luk.6:45, Rom.12:9; pl., Mat.9:4, Mrk.7:23, Luk.3:19.
† SYN.: see: ἄθεσμος (AS)
(πονέω, to toil), [in LXX chiefly for רַע;]
1.
__(a) of persons, oppressed by toils (Hes.);
__(b) of things, toilsome, painful (καιρός, Sir.51:12): Eph.5:16 6:13 Rev.16:2.
2. bad, worthless;
__(a) in physical sense: καρπός, Mat.7:17-18;
__(b) in ethical sense, bad, evil, wicked;
__(α) of persons: Mat.7:11 12:34-35 18:32 25:26, Luk.6:45 11:13 19:22, Act.17:5, 2Th.3:2, 2Ti.3:13; γενεά, Mat.12:39, 45 16:4, Luk.11:29; πνεῦμια, Mat.12:45, Luk.7:21 8:2 11:26, Act.19:12-13, 15-16; as subst., οἱ π., opposite to δίκαιοι, Mat.13:49; to ἀγαθοί, Mat.5:45 22:10; οἱ ἀχάριστοι καὶ π., Luk.6:35; sing., ὁ π., Mat.5:39, 1Co.5:13; id. esp. of Satan, the evil one, Mat.5:37 6:13 (see Lft., Notes, 125 ff.; but cf. McN, in l) Mat.13:19, 38, Luk.11:4 (WH, R, om.), Jhn.17:15, Eph.6:16, 2Th.3:3 (Lft., Notes, l.with), 1Jn.2:13-14 Jn 3:12 Jn 5:18-19;
__(β) of things: Mat.5:11 12:35 15:19, Luk.6:22, 45, Jhn.3:19 7:7, Act.18:14 25:18, Gal.1:4, Col.1:21, 1Ti.6:4, 2Ti.4:18, Heb.3:12 10:22, Jas.2:4 4:16, 1Jn.3:12, II Jn 11, 3Jn.10; ὀφθαλμός (which see), Mat.6:23 20:15, Mrk.7:22, Luk.11:34; as subst., neut., τὸ π., Act.28:21, 1Th.5:22; opposite to ἀγαθόν, Luk.6:45, Rom.12:9; pl., Mat.9:4, Mrk.7:23, Luk.3:19.
† SYN.: see: ἄθεσμος (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G4190 appears in 72 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- evil48
- wicked17
- thing2
- bad1
- grievous1
- harm1
- lewd1
- malicious1
- person1
- wickedness1
First verses
- Matthew 5:11Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.
- Matthew 5:37But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.
- Matthew 5:39But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
- Matthew 5:45That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
- Matthew 6:13And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
- Matthew 6:23But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness!
- Matthew 7:11If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father which is in heaven give good things to them that ask him?
- Matthew 7:17Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit.
- Matthew 7:18A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit.
- Matthew 9:4And Jesus knowing their thoughts said, Wherefore think ye evil in your hearts?
- Matthew 12:34O generation of vipers, how can ye, being evil, speak good things? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.
- Matthew 12:35A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things.
- Matthew 12:39But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas:
- Matthew 12:45Then goeth he, and taketh with himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first. Even so shall it be also unto this wicked generation.
- Matthew 13:19When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth it not, then cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side.
- Matthew 13:38The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked one;
- Matthew 13:49So shall it be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just,
- Matthew 15:19For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies:
- Matthew 16:4A wicked and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given unto it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas. And he left them, and departed.
- Matthew 18:32Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me:
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
πονηρός, ά, όν,
in physical sense, oppressed by toils, πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, of Heracles, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Frr.” 138,139.)]
2 of things, toilsome, painful, grievous, ἔργα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus “Epigrammata” 14.20; νούσων πονηρότερον 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 274; φορτίον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 352.)]
II in bad case, in sorry plight, useless, good-for-nothing, σύμμαχοι[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 220, compare “Nu.” 102; στράτευμα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.4.34; ἰατρός 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.2.4 (variant for{μοχθηρός}))]; κύων, ἱππάριον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 298d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.19)]; δίαιτα, τροφή, σιτία, injurious, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 425e, “Lg.” 735b, “Grg.” 464d, etc.; π. ἕξις σώματος [prev. author] “Ti.” 86e)]; π. σῶμα, opposed to χρηστόν, [Refs ([prev. author] “Prt.” 313a, compare “R.” 341e)]; π. σκώμματα sorry jests, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 542; π. βούλευμα [prev. author] “Lys.” 517 (_comparative_))]; π. πράγματα a bad state of things, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.97, compare 24)]; π. ἀρχὴ τῆς παιδείας a bad beginning, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.11; π. τὴν ναυτιλίαν ναυτίλλεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 551c; π. πολιτεία 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1294b38.)] adverb, -ρῶς ἔχειν to be in bad case, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.83, etc.; ἂ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.35)]; π. διακεῖσθαι, διατεθῆναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 19.12, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.55.)]
III in moral sense, worthless, knavish, φήμη, βίος, ζόη, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 1045, “Frr.” 90,401, etc.; οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν π. 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 78; π. ἦθος 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 192)]; πονηρὸς.. κἀκ πονηρῶν rogue and son of rogues, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 336 - 7)]; ὦ πόνῳ πονηρέ in a comic jingle, [Refs ([prev. author] “V.” 466, compare “Lys.” 350)]; π. πόρρω τέχνης past master in knavery, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “V.” 192; π. τοῖς φίλοις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.4.33; πρὸς ἀλλήλους [prev. author] “An.” 7.1.39; π. λόγων ἀκρίβεια 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.3.3; πονηρότεροι σύμβουλοι [prev. author] 5.71)]; π. [ῥῆμα] malicious, [NT (NT.Matt.5.11; τὰ π.)]wickednesses, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.25; πονηρὰ δρᾶσαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1190; τὸ π. LXX.Deu.17.2)]; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, Latin dolo malo, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“SIG” 693.6 (Methymna, 2nd c.BC))]; ὁ π. the evil one, [NT+4th c.AD+ (NT.Matt.13.19; π. δαίμων “PLips.” 34.8 (4th c.AD), etc.)]
III.2 base, cowardly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 437, etc.)]; π. χρώματα, i.e. the coward's hue, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.34 (interpolated).)]
III.3 with a political connotation, of the baser sort, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 424; οἱ λεγόμενοι π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 519a)]; opposed to καλοὶ κἀγαθοί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.100,316, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 186.)] —On the variation of accent, πονηρός and πόνηρος, see at {μοχθηρός} near the end
in physical sense, oppressed by toils, πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, of Heracles, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Frr.” 138,139.)]
2 of things, toilsome, painful, grievous, ἔργα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus “Epigrammata” 14.20; νούσων πονηρότερον 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 274; φορτίον 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 352.)]
II in bad case, in sorry plight, useless, good-for-nothing, σύμμαχοι[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 220, compare “Nu.” 102; στράτευμα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.4.34; ἰατρός 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.2.4 (variant for{μοχθηρός}))]; κύων, ἱππάριον, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 298d, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.19)]; δίαιτα, τροφή, σιτία, injurious, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 425e, “Lg.” 735b, “Grg.” 464d, etc.; π. ἕξις σώματος [prev. author] “Ti.” 86e)]; π. σῶμα, opposed to χρηστόν, [Refs ([prev. author] “Prt.” 313a, compare “R.” 341e)]; π. σκώμματα sorry jests, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 542; π. βούλευμα [prev. author] “Lys.” 517 (_comparative_))]; π. πράγματα a bad state of things, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.97, compare 24)]; π. ἀρχὴ τῆς παιδείας a bad beginning, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.11; π. τὴν ναυτιλίαν ναυτίλλεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 551c; π. πολιτεία 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1294b38.)] adverb, -ρῶς ἔχειν to be in bad case, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.83, etc.; ἂ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.35)]; π. διακεῖσθαι, διατεθῆναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 19.12, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.55.)]
III in moral sense, worthless, knavish, φήμη, βίος, ζόη, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 1045, “Frr.” 90,401, etc.; οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν π. 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 78; π. ἦθος 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 192)]; πονηρὸς.. κἀκ πονηρῶν rogue and son of rogues, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 336 - 7)]; ὦ πόνῳ πονηρέ in a comic jingle, [Refs ([prev. author] “V.” 466, compare “Lys.” 350)]; π. πόρρω τέχνης past master in knavery, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “V.” 192; π. τοῖς φίλοις 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.4.33; πρὸς ἀλλήλους [prev. author] “An.” 7.1.39; π. λόγων ἀκρίβεια 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.3.3; πονηρότεροι σύμβουλοι [prev. author] 5.71)]; π. [ῥῆμα] malicious, [NT (NT.Matt.5.11; τὰ π.)]wickednesses, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.25; πονηρὰ δρᾶσαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1190; τὸ π. LXX.Deu.17.2)]; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, Latin dolo malo, [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (“SIG” 693.6 (Methymna, 2nd c.BC))]; ὁ π. the evil one, [NT+4th c.AD+ (NT.Matt.13.19; π. δαίμων “PLips.” 34.8 (4th c.AD), etc.)]
III.2 base, cowardly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 437, etc.)]; π. χρώματα, i.e. the coward's hue, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.34 (interpolated).)]
III.3 with a political connotation, of the baser sort, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 424; οἱ λεγόμενοι π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 519a)]; opposed to καλοὶ κἀγαθοί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.100,316, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 186.)] —On the variation of accent, πονηρός and πόνηρος, see at {μοχθηρός} near the end