Strong G4090πικρῶς

Included with: πικρός, ά, όν,
poetry also ός, όν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.406)]:—properly pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊστός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.118, +others; βέλεμνα 22.206; γλωχίς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 681: _metaphorically_, γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 1288.)]
II generally, sharp to the sense:
II.1 of taste, pungent, ῥίζα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.846; ἅλμη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.323; δάκρυον (variant for{πυκνόν}) 4.153)]; of salt water, opposed to γλυκύς, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.52, compare 7.35)]; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 705a)]; πριγλία π. [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (“PCair.Zen.” 82.8 (3rd c.BC))]; ἀπ᾽ ὄμφακος πικρᾶς [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 970)]; ὑγρότης π., opposed to ὀξεῖα, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Meno Medicus “Iatrika” 5.13)]; also of smell, pungent, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.406; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς 4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 3.59. (This sense prevails in the derived and _compound_ words.))]
II.2 of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.271, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 41.)]
II.3 of sound, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγά [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 189 (Lyric poetry); φθόγγος [prev. author] “OC” 1610)]; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 883, “Tr.” 1227 (Lyric poetry); πικροτάτη ὄψ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 805 (Lyric poetry).)]
III metaphorically,
III.1 of things, bitter, especially of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, frequently in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (variant{ἴδηαι}) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.448, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1045, “Th.” 883 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 399, “IA” 955, “Ba.” 357, “Cyc.” 589; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 355; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 7(6).48, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 745 (Lyric poetry))]; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Pers.” 473, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1239)]; δύαι, χεῖμα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 180 (Lyric poetry), “Ag.” 198 (Lyric poetry); πικρότερ᾽ ἀχέων [prev. author] “Supp.” 875 (Lyric poetry); λόγοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 481; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ [prev. author] “Hec.” 772; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 46c; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 795)]: with infinitive, μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.26.)]
III.2 so of persons, probably in [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 4.1 (_comparative_))]; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 13.5, compare 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 301, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 234, “Eu.” 152 (Lyric poetry), etc.; ἔς τινας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.123: _absolutely_, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 739, “Th” 940(Lyric poetry))]; π. θεοῖς hateful to them, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 254; π. πολίταις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 224, compare “Supp.” 1222)]; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 966)]; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Latin acerbus), [Refs (Inscriptiones Graecae 3.1338.)]
III.3 embittered, angry, πικρὰ ὄρνις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 423.)]
III.4 relentless, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.2.4)]; spiteful, mean, vindictive, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.108; π. καὶ συκοφάντης [prev. author] 25.45, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1368b21, “EN” 1126a19)]: in Comedy texts of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 10, compare 825, 843, “Georg.fragment” 3.)] adverb -ρῶς pedantically, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Lysia” 6)]; with rigid accuracy, [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Apollonius Citiensis Medicus 3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.659f.)]
IV adverb -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 197, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 990; π. ἐξετάσαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.27, 18.265)]; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, [NT+5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 10.54, “Ep.” 3.10; π. φέρειν τι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 610, compare “Andr.” 190; ἔκλαυσε π. NT.Matt.26.75)]: comparative -ότερον[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 659, etc.)]: superlative -ότατα[Refs 8th c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.72.3. [ῑ in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] and Epic dialect; ῐ frequently in Trag., as [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 473, “Ag.” 970, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 500, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 772, and in 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 8.74)]: ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]