Strong G3780οὐχί

Included with: οὐ,
the negative of fact and statement, as μή of will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective. —The same differences hold for all compounds of οὐ and μή, and some examples of οὐδέ and οὐδείς are included below.—As to the Form, see infr. G. USAG[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)]
I as the negative of single words,
II as the negative of the sentence.
I οὐ adhering to single words so as to form a quasi-compound with them:—with Verbs: οὐ δίδωμι withhold, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.296)]; οὐκ εἰῶ prevent, [Refs (2.132, 4.55, +others)]; οὐκ ἐθέλω refuse, [Refs (1.112, 3.289, +others)]; οὔ φημι deny, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (7.393, 23.668, +others (In most of these uses μή can replace οὐ when the _construction_ requires it, e.g. εἰ μή φησι ταῦτα ἀληθῆ εἶναι 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 34)]; but sometimes οὐ is retained, εἰ δ᾽ ἂν.. οὐκ ἐθέλωσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.289; εἰ δέ κ᾽.. ου᾽κ εἰῶσι 20.139; ἐὰν οὐ φάσκῃ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.76)]; ἐάντε.. οὐ (variant{μή}) φῆτε ἐάντε φῆτε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 25b):—with Participles: οὐκ ἐθέλων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.224, 300, 6.165, etc.:— with Adjectives: οὐκ ἀέκοντε 5.366, 768, +others; οὐ πολλήν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.7, etc.:— with Adverbs: οὐχ ἥκιστα [prev. author] 1.68, etc.: rarely with Verbal Nouns (see. below 11.10).)] —On the use of οὐ in contrasts, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus)]
II as negativing the whole sentence,
II.1 οὐ is frequently used alone, sometimes with the ellipsis of a definite Verb, οὔκ (i.e. ἀποκερῇ), ἄν γε ἐμοὶ πείθῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 89b)]: sometimes as negativing the preceding sentence, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 850, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.7.19: as a Particle of solemn denial frequently with μά (which see))] and the accusative; sometimes without μά, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἅλιον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 660 (Lyric poetry), compare 1088 (Lyric poetry), “El.” 1063 (Lyric poetry), “Ant.” 758.)]
II.2 with indicative of statement, τὴν δ᾽ ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.29, compare 114, 495)]; οὐ φθίνει Κροίσου φιλόφρων ἀρετά [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.94; ἔνθα κεν οὔ τιν᾽ ἀδάκρυτόν γ᾽ ἐνόησας Ἀργείων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.61; οὔ κεν.. ἔπαξε 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.25; οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.369.)]
II.3 with subjunctive in future sense, only in Epic dialect, οὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ γε ἑκὼν ἀέκοντα δίηται [Refs (7.197; οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίς μῃ κίθαρις 3.54, compare 11.387.)]
II.4 with optative in potential sense (without ἄν or κεν), also Epic dialect, ὃ οὐ δύο γ᾽ ἄνδρε φέροιεν [Refs (5.303, 20.286.)]
II.5 with optative and ἄν, κείνοισι δ᾽ ἂν οὔ τις.. μαχέοιτο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (1.271, compare 301, 2.250, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.63, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 979, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 155 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 310, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 403, etc.)]
II.6 in dependent clauses οὐ is used,
II.6.a with ὅτι or ὡς, after Verbs of saying, knowing, and showing, ἐκ μέν τοι ἐρέω.. ὡς ἐγὼ οὔ τι ἑκὼν κατερύκομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.377, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 561, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.8, etc.)]: so with indicative or optative and ἄν, ἀπελογοῦντο ὡς οὐκ ἄν ποτε οὕτω μωροὶ ἦσαν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.22, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 330a; ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἂν δικαίως αὐτοὺς δέχοισθε μαθεῖν χρή 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.40, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.1.3, etc.: with _optative_ representing _indicative_ in indirect speech, ἔλεξε παιδὶ σῷ.. ὡς.. Ἕλληνες οὐ μενοῖεν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 358, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 346, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.38, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.1.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 22b, etc.: for μή)] in such sentences, see at {μή} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 3.)]
II.6.b in all causal sentences, and in temporal and Relat. sentences unless there is conditional or final meaning, χωσαμένη, ὅ οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια.. ῥέξε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.534; ἄχθεται ὅτι οὐ κάρτα θεραπεύεται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.80; διότι οὐκ ἦσαν δίκαι, οὐ δυνατοὶ ἦμεν παρ᾽ αὐτῶν ἃ ὤφειλον πράξασθαι 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 17.3; μή με κτεῖν᾽, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.95, etc.; νῦν δὲ ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις.., εἶμι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 335c; ἐπειδὴ τὸ χωρίον οὐχ ἡλίσκετο 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.102; νηπιάχοις οἷς οὔ τι μέλει πολεμήϊα ἔργα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.338, etc.)]: in causal relative sentences, οἵτινές σε οὐχὶ ἐσώσαμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 46a)]; especially in the combinations, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις οὐ.., as οὐκ ἔστ᾽ ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1051, compare “Hec.” 298; οὔτις ἔσθ᾽ ὃς οὔ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 725)]; οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅστις οὐ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.180.)]
II.6.c after ὥστε with indicative or optative with ἄν, ὥστ᾽ οὐ δυνατόν σ᾽ εἵργειν ἔσται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 384, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 98, “OT” 411; οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἀγαπῶμεν.. ὥστε.. οὐκ ἂν ἐθελήσαιμεν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.45; οὐκ ἂν ὡρκίζομεν αὐτὸν ὥστε τῆς εἰρήνης ἂν διημαρτήκει καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἀμφότερ᾽ εἶχε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.30: ὥστε οὐ with)]infinitive is almost invariably due to indirect speech, ὥστ᾽ οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθαι (for οὐκ αἰσχύνονται) [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 19.308, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.40, 8.76, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 18.6, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 11.27 (conjecture Reiske).)]—Rarely not in indirect speech, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 780, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1358, “Hel.” 108, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 53.2, 9.48.)]
II.7 in a conditional clause μή is necessary, except,
II.7.a in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, when the εἰ)] clause precedes the apodosis and the verb is indicative, εἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσ᾽ ἐπιπείσεται [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.162, compare 178, 20.129, 24.296, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.274, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.160, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.382, 13.144 (9.410 is an exception).)]
II.7.b when the εἰ clause is really causal, as after Verbs expressing surprise or emotion, μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ πολλὰ τῶν εἰρημένων οὐ πρέπει σοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.44; κατοικτῖραι.., εἰ.. οὐδεὶς ἐς ἑκατοστὸν ἔτος περιέσται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.46, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1242; so also δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη πρῆγμα, εἰ Σάκας μὲν καταστρεψάμενοι δούλους ἔχομεν, Ἕλληνας δὲ οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.9, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.102, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 20.8 (probably), 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.55; οὐκ αἰσχρόν, εἰ τὸ μὲν Ἀργείων πλῆθος οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχήν, ὑμεῖς δ᾽ ὄντες Ἀθηναῖοι βάρβαρον ἄνθρωπον.. φοβήσεσθ; [prev. author] 15.23, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.97, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.13.)]
II.7.c when οὐ belongs closely to the next word (see. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus I))], or is quoted unchanged, εἰ, ὡς νῦν φήσει, οὐ παρεσκευάσατο [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.29 codices)]; εἰ δ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ ἐστί (i.e. ὥσπερ λέγεις), τίνι τρόπῳ διεφθάρη ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 347.)]
II.8 οὐ is used with infinitive in indirect speech, when it represents the indicative of orat. recta, φαμὲν δέ οἱ οὐ τελέεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.664, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.174, 21.316, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1389, etc.; λέγοντες οὐκ εἶναι αὐτόνομοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.67, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 348c, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.18; οἶμαι.. οὐκ ὀλίγον ἔργον αὐτὸ εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 369b, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1051, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.71, etc.; ἡγήσαντο ἡμᾶς οὐ περιόψεσθαι [prev. work] 39. (For the occasional use of μή, see at {μή} 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 5c)]; sometimes we have οὐ and μή in consecutive clauses, οἶμαι σοῦ κάκιον οὐδὲν ἂν τούτων κρατύνειν μηδ᾽ ἐπιθύνειν χερί [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1058s q.; αὐτὸ ἡγοῦμαι οὐ διδακτὸν εἶναι μηδὲ.. παρασκευαστόν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 319b.))]
II.9 οὐ is used with the participle, when it can be resolved into a finite sentence with οὐ, as after Verbs of knowing and showing, τὸν κατθανόνθ᾽ ὁρῶντες οὐ τιμώμενον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 316; κατενόησαν οὐ πολλοὺς τοὺς Θηβαίους ὄντας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2. 3; ἔργῳ δηλώσω οὐ παραγενόμενος 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.4.8, etc.)]; or into a causal sentence, τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ πολλοὶ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ διεφθάρησαν νέειν οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.89; τὴν Μένδην πόλιν ἅτε οὐκ ἀπὸ ξυμβάσεως ἀνοιχθεῖσαν διήρπασαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.130)]; or into a concessive sentence, δόξω γυναῖκα καίπερ οὐκ ἔχων ἔχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 352, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 377, etc.: regularly with ὡς)] and participle, ὡς οὐχὶ συνδράσουσα νουθετεῖς τάδε [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “El.” 1025, etc.; ἐθορυβεῖτε ὡς οὐ ποιήσοντες ταῦτα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.73, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 884, “Aj.” 682, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.99, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.2, 5, 28, 68, 90; ὥσπερ οὐ πάντας τούτῳ τῷ τεκμηρίῳ χρωμένους 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 90, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.1, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.11)]:—for exceptions, see at {μή} [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 6.)]
II.9.b when the participle is used with the Article, μή is generally used, unless there is a distinct reference to a fact, when οὐ is occasionally found, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐκ οὔσης ἔτι [πόλεως] ὁρμώμενοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.74; τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει οὐδὲν εἰδότας [prev. author] 4.111; οἱ οὐκ ἐθέλοντες 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.26; τῶν οὐ βουλομένων 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.9; τοὺς οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας ἀκρίτους ἀπέκτειναν 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.82, compare τὸν οὐδὲ συμπενθῆσαι τὰς τῆς πατρίδος συμφορὰς τολμήσαντα (preceded by τὸν.. μήτε ὅπλα θέμενον ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος μήτε τὸ σῶμα παρασχόντα κτλ.) 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 43; τὸ οὐχ εὑρημένον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 427e.)]
II.10 Adjectives and abstract Substantives with the article commonly take μή (see. μή [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 7) but οὐ)] is occasionally used, τὰς οὐκ ἀναγκαίας πόσεις [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Lacedaemoniorum” 5.4; τοὺς οὐδένας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 371; τὸν οὐδέν [prev. author] “Ph.” 598 (whereas ὁ μηδείς, τὸ μηδέν is the rule))]; τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν the non- dissolution of the bridges, the fact of their notbeing broken up, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.137; ἡ οὐ περιτείχισις [prev. author] 3.95; ἡ τῶν χωρίων οὐκ ἀπόδοσις [prev. author] 5.35, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 196 (_anapaest meter_))]; so without the article, ἐν οὐ καιπῷ [Refs ([prev. author] “Ba.” 1287; οὐ πάλης ὕπο [prev. work] 455.)]
II.11 for οὐ μή, see entry
II.12 in questions οὐ ordinarily expects a positive answer, οὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.165)]; οὐχ ὁράᾳς..; dost thou not see? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.545; οὐκ.. ᾐσθόμη; 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 956)]: so as a strong form of imperative,;[Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 273, “fragment” 310; πῶς δ᾽ οὐχ; [prev. author] “Supp.” 918, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 1027)]; ἐμὸς μὲν οὐχί [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 859: also in Prose, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.120, +others, NT.1Cor.5.12, etc.)]: the diphthong is genuine and always written ου (ουκ, ουδε, etc.) in early Inscrr., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 12.10.22, etc.; in 4th c.BC rarely written οκ, [prev. work] 22.1635.112,116,121)]; οὐ abbreviated ο, Suid. see at {Φιλοξένου γραμμάτιον}.
H ACCENTUATION. οὐ is oxytone accusative to Hdn.Gr.1.494 (text doubtfulin 504): [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Sophistici Elenchi” 166b6, referring to 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.328 τὸ μὲν ου (i.e. οὐ ={οὒ}) καταπύθεται ὄμβρῳ, says λύουσι.. τῇ προσῳδίᾳ λέγοντες τὸ ου ὀξύτερον (i.e. οὗ), compare 178b3. In codices the word is written oxytone when followed by a pause (see. supr. B), and is usually written without any accent in other cases.)]
H.I οὐ in connexion with other Particles will be found in alphabetical order, οὐ γάρ, οὐ μή, etc.—The corresponding forms of μή should be compared.