Strong G3568νῦν
now
- Transliteration
- nun
- Pronunciation
- noon
- Morphology
- Greek Adverb
Definition
Detailed definition
νῦν, adv.,
[in LXX chiefly for עַתָּה;]
1. prop., of time, now, i.e. at the present time: as opposite to past, Jhn.4:18, Act.7:52, Rom.13:11, 2Co.7:9, Col.1:24, al.; opposite to fut., Jhn.12:27, Rom.11:31, al.; with art., ὁ (ἡ, τὸ) and subst., the present: Rom.3:26, Gal.4:25, 1Ti.6:17, Tit.2:12, al.; απὸ τοῦ ν. (LXX for מֵעַתָּה), Luk.1:48, Act.18:6, al.; ἄχρι τοῦ ν., Rom.8:22, Php.1:5; ἕως τοῦ ν. (LXX for עַד עַתָּה), Mat.24:21, Mrk.13:19; τὰ ν., as regards the present, Act.5:38; with pret., just now, but now, Mat.26:65, Jhn.11:8 21:10; with fut., now, presently, Jhn.12:31, Act.20:22; so with praes., presently, forthwith, Jhn.12:31 17:13; καὶ ν., Jhn.11:22 17:5, al.; ἀλλὰ ν., Luk.22:36; ἔτι ν., 1Co.3:2; τότε (πότε)... ν. (δέ), Rom.6:21 11:30; ν. ἤδη, 1Jn.4:3; ν. οὖν, Act.10:33, al.
2. Of logical sequence (often difficult to disting. from the temporal sense; cf. Lft., Notes, 113f.), now, therefore, now, however, as it is: Luk.11:39; καὶ ν., Act.3:17, 2Th.2:6, 1Jn.2:28; id. before δεῦρο, Act.7:34; ν. δέ, Jhn.8:40 9:41 15:22, 24, 18:36, 1Co.5:11 7:14 12:20, al. (cf. WM, 579.11).
(AS)
[in LXX chiefly for עַתָּה;]
1. prop., of time, now, i.e. at the present time: as opposite to past, Jhn.4:18, Act.7:52, Rom.13:11, 2Co.7:9, Col.1:24, al.; opposite to fut., Jhn.12:27, Rom.11:31, al.; with art., ὁ (ἡ, τὸ) and subst., the present: Rom.3:26, Gal.4:25, 1Ti.6:17, Tit.2:12, al.; απὸ τοῦ ν. (LXX for מֵעַתָּה), Luk.1:48, Act.18:6, al.; ἄχρι τοῦ ν., Rom.8:22, Php.1:5; ἕως τοῦ ν. (LXX for עַד עַתָּה), Mat.24:21, Mrk.13:19; τὰ ν., as regards the present, Act.5:38; with pret., just now, but now, Mat.26:65, Jhn.11:8 21:10; with fut., now, presently, Jhn.12:31, Act.20:22; so with praes., presently, forthwith, Jhn.12:31 17:13; καὶ ν., Jhn.11:22 17:5, al.; ἀλλὰ ν., Luk.22:36; ἔτι ν., 1Co.3:2; τότε (πότε)... ν. (δέ), Rom.6:21 11:30; ν. ἤδη, 1Jn.4:3; ν. οὖν, Act.10:33, al.
2. Of logical sequence (often difficult to disting. from the temporal sense; cf. Lft., Notes, 113f.), now, therefore, now, however, as it is: Luk.11:39; καὶ ν., Act.3:17, 2Th.2:6, 1Jn.2:28; id. before δεῦρο, Act.7:34; ν. δέ, Jhn.8:40 9:41 15:22, 24, 18:36, 1Co.5:11 7:14 12:20, al. (cf. WM, 579.11).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G3568 appears in 136 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- now117
- henceforth5
- present4
- time4
- be2
- this2
- late1
First verses
- Matthew 24:21For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.
- Matthew 26:65Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy.
- Matthew 27:42He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him.
- Matthew 27:43He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God.
- Mark 10:30But he shall receive an hundredfold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions; and in the world to come eternal life.
- Mark 13:19For in those days shall be affliction, such as was not from the beginning of the creation which God created unto this time, neither shall be.
- Mark 15:32Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.
- Luke 1:48For he hath regarded the low estate of his handmaiden: for, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.
- Luke 2:29Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:
- Luke 5:10And so was also James, and John, the sons of Zebedee, which were partners with Simon. And Jesus said unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch men.
- Luke 6:21Blessed are ye that hunger now: for ye shall be filled. Blessed are ye that weep now: for ye shall laugh.
- Luke 6:25Woe unto you that are full! for ye shall hunger. Woe unto you that laugh now! for ye shall mourn and weep.
- Luke 11:39And the Lord said unto him, Now do ye Pharisees make clean the outside of the cup and the platter; but your inward part is full of ravening and wickedness.
- Luke 12:52For from henceforth there shall be five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three.
- Luke 16:25But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented.
- Luke 19:42Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes.
- Luke 22:36Then said he unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and buy one.
- Luke 22:69Hereafter shall the Son of man sit on the right hand of the power of God.
- John 2:8And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it.
- John 4:18For thou hast had five husbands; and he whom thou now hast is not thy husband: in that saidst thou truly.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Same identity
Detailed Greek dictionary
νῦν
(for νυν, νυ, see infr. II), adverb now, both of the present moment, and of the present time generally, οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν mortals of our day, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.272)]; so in Ionic dialect and Attic dialect, οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι] men of the present day, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.68; οἵ γε ν. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.105, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 5.4, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1069a26)]; ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.6)]; Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν.[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 12; ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 174, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 141e; ἡμέρα ἡ ν. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 351; νὺξ ἡ ν. [prev. author] “Ant.” 16; ἡ ν. ὁδός [prev. author] “El.” 1295; τὸ ν.)]the present, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 218a6, +others; ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 152c, LXX.Gen.46.30, etc.; ἀπὸ ν. “Anthologia Graeca” 5.40 (2nd-3rd c.AD: Rufinus Epigrammaticus); ἕως τοῦ ν. LXX.Gen.46.34)]; μέχρι ν. (variant{μ. τοῦ ν}.) [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 17.110)]; τὰ ν. simply, ={ν}., [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.104, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 641, etc.; τό περ ν. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.101; τὰ δὲ ν. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 133 (Lyric poetry); τὸ ν. εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 506e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.42, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 31.2; τὸ ν. ἔχον NT.Act.24.25.)]
2 of the immediate past, just now, but now, ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.439, compare 13.772, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.43, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 84, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.48; ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 341c; ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.13.)]
3 of the future, presently, ν. αὖτ᾽ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.279, compare 20.307, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.200; ν. φεύξομαι, τόθ᾽ ἁγνὸς ὤν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 975)]; compare νῦν δή, νυνί.
4 sometimes opposed to to what might have been under other circumstances, as it is (or was), as the case stands (or stood), as a matter offact, ν. δ᾽ ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.166; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν.. ἐποιούμην· ν. δὲ κτλ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126, compare 1.122, 3.113, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 384b, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.195, etc.)]; καὶ ν. even so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.4.24, 7.7.17.)]
5 coupled with other Particles, τὰ ν. γε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 245, etc.; ν. γε μάν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.50)]; ν. δή, see entry: with other expressions of Time, ν... σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.29, 13.828)]; ν. ἤδη henceforth, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 801)] (anapaest meter), etc.; ν... ἄρτι but now, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 396c.)]
II enclitic (but see below) νυν, νυ. [νυ only Epic dialect, Boeotian dialect, and [Refs 4th c.AD+ (5th c.AD: Cypria (also 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus in ὅνυ, which see))]; νῠν twice in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.105, 23.485: ῡ?~X in Trag. (ῡ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 242, 246, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 705, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1678, etc.)]; ῠ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 92, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 91, etc.))], ῡ in Comedy texts [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1381, “Pl.” 975, +others), except 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 144, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 105 (Lyric poetry, citing 5th c.BC: Agatho Tragicus), and perhaps “Nu.” 141)]; both quantities in τοίνυν, which see]
II.1 rarely of Time, now, perhaps so used in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.105, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 19.1, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.44, +others, 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 170.6.)]
II.2 in Epic dialect mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.382, etc.)]: frequently coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά ν. [Refs (4.93; καί νύ κεν 3.373; οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι, 10.165, 1.28)]; ἐπεί νύ τοι[Refs ([prev. work] 416; ὥς νύ περ 2.258.)]
II.3 in commands or entreaties, μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετ᾽ [Refs (15.115: frequently with other _adverbs_, δεῦρό ν.)] come now ![Refs 5th c.BC+ (23.485; ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 82, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 1001, “V.” 149, “Pl.” 724; εἶά ν. [prev. author] “Pax” 467, “V.” 430, “Pl.” 316: frequently with _imperative_, φέρε ν. [prev. work] 789; ἄγε ν. [prev. author] “Pax” 1056, “V.” 381; σπεῦδέ ν. [prev. author] “Pl.” 414; σίγαν. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 87, Cratin. [prev. cited]; περίδου ν. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 644, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.21, etc.; ὕφαινέ ν. 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 18.8)]; so in Boeotian dialect, ν. ἔνθω [Refs 5th c.AD+ (“IG” 7.3172.88 (Orchom.); also in 5th c.AD: Cypria with _optative_ in commands, δυϝάνοι ν., δώκοι ν., “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.6,16 H. (from Idalion).)]
II.4 in questions, τίς ν.; τί ν.; who, what, why now? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.373, 1.414, 4.31)]; ἦ νυ..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.125. [In signf. I always _perispomenon_ In signf. II _perispomenon_ except when short, Hdn.Gr. 2.39, +others; _enclitic_ when short, sometimes in codices, as 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.485 (Papyrus in “AJP” 21.304, etc.)]; oxytone when ={δή}, Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr.2.27; καθ᾽ ὁμαλισμόν or κατ᾽ ἔγκλισιν when=δή, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 414, Scholia 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.664))]. In codices usually perispomenon in both senses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 82, “Th.” 242, 246, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 705, “El.” 324, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 414, “V.” 758, 922, etc.)]; even νῠν is written νῦν in codices vett. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus)] passim, also in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 87, “Tr.” 92, etc.)]; hence νυν may frequently be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of τοίνῡ?~Xν perhaps shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position: in signf. I νῦν can occupy any position; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like{ἄν, δέ, γάρ}, etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 468, compare “OC” 1333; ἀπό νύν με λείπετ᾽ ἤδη [prev. author] “Ph.” 1177 (Lyric poetry); μετά νυν δός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 56 (Lyric poetry))]; νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only δέ to precede.] (Cf. Sanskrit nú, n[umacracute], nūnám, O[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] nū 'now', etc.)
(for νυν, νυ, see infr. II), adverb now, both of the present moment, and of the present time generally, οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν mortals of our day, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.272)]; so in Ionic dialect and Attic dialect, οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι] men of the present day, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.68; οἵ γε ν. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 1.105, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 5.4, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 1069a26)]; ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.6)]; Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν.[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 12; ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 174, +others, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 141e; ἡμέρα ἡ ν. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 351; νὺξ ἡ ν. [prev. author] “Ant.” 16; ἡ ν. ὁδός [prev. author] “El.” 1295; τὸ ν.)]the present, [LXX+5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 218a6, +others; ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 152c, LXX.Gen.46.30, etc.; ἀπὸ ν. “Anthologia Graeca” 5.40 (2nd-3rd c.AD: Rufinus Epigrammaticus); ἕως τοῦ ν. LXX.Gen.46.34)]; μέχρι ν. (variant{μ. τοῦ ν}.) [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 17.110)]; τὰ ν. simply, ={ν}., [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.104, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 641, etc.; τό περ ν. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.101; τὰ δὲ ν. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 133 (Lyric poetry); τὸ ν. εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 506e, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.42, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 31.2; τὸ ν. ἔχον NT.Act.24.25.)]
2 of the immediate past, just now, but now, ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.439, compare 13.772, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.43, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 84, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.48; ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 341c; ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.13.)]
3 of the future, presently, ν. αὖτ᾽ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.279, compare 20.307, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.200; ν. φεύξομαι, τόθ᾽ ἁγνὸς ὤν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 975)]; compare νῦν δή, νυνί.
4 sometimes opposed to to what might have been under other circumstances, as it is (or was), as the case stands (or stood), as a matter offact, ν. δ᾽ ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.166; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν.. ἐποιούμην· ν. δὲ κτλ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126, compare 1.122, 3.113, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 384b, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.195, etc.)]; καὶ ν. even so, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.4.24, 7.7.17.)]
5 coupled with other Particles, τὰ ν. γε [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 245, etc.; ν. γε μάν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.50)]; ν. δή, see entry: with other expressions of Time, ν... σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.29, 13.828)]; ν. ἤδη henceforth, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 801)] (anapaest meter), etc.; ν... ἄρτι but now, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 396c.)]
II enclitic (but see below) νυν, νυ. [νυ only Epic dialect, Boeotian dialect, and [Refs 4th c.AD+ (5th c.AD: Cypria (also 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus in ὅνυ, which see))]; νῠν twice in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.105, 23.485: ῡ?~X in Trag. (ῡ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 242, 246, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 705, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1678, etc.)]; ῠ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 92, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 91, etc.))], ῡ in Comedy texts [Refs 5th c.BC+ ((5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1381, “Pl.” 975, +others), except 5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 144, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 105 (Lyric poetry, citing 5th c.BC: Agatho Tragicus), and perhaps “Nu.” 141)]; both quantities in τοίνυν, which see]
II.1 rarely of Time, now, perhaps so used in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.105, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 19.1, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.44, +others, 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 170.6.)]
II.2 in Epic dialect mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.382, etc.)]: frequently coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά ν. [Refs (4.93; καί νύ κεν 3.373; οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι, 10.165, 1.28)]; ἐπεί νύ τοι[Refs ([prev. work] 416; ὥς νύ περ 2.258.)]
II.3 in commands or entreaties, μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετ᾽ [Refs (15.115: frequently with other _adverbs_, δεῦρό ν.)] come now ![Refs 5th c.BC+ (23.485; ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 82, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 1001, “V.” 149, “Pl.” 724; εἶά ν. [prev. author] “Pax” 467, “V.” 430, “Pl.” 316: frequently with _imperative_, φέρε ν. [prev. work] 789; ἄγε ν. [prev. author] “Pax” 1056, “V.” 381; σπεῦδέ ν. [prev. author] “Pl.” 414; σίγαν. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 87, Cratin. [prev. cited]; περίδου ν. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 644, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.21, etc.; ὕφαινέ ν. 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 18.8)]; so in Boeotian dialect, ν. ἔνθω [Refs 5th c.AD+ (“IG” 7.3172.88 (Orchom.); also in 5th c.AD: Cypria with _optative_ in commands, δυϝάνοι ν., δώκοι ν., “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.6,16 H. (from Idalion).)]
II.4 in questions, τίς ν.; τί ν.; who, what, why now? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.373, 1.414, 4.31)]; ἦ νυ..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.125. [In signf. I always _perispomenon_ In signf. II _perispomenon_ except when short, Hdn.Gr. 2.39, +others; _enclitic_ when short, sometimes in codices, as 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.485 (Papyrus in “AJP” 21.304, etc.)]; oxytone when ={δή}, Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr.2.27; καθ᾽ ὁμαλισμόν or κατ᾽ ἔγκλισιν when=δή, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 414, Scholia 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 1.664))]. In codices usually perispomenon in both senses, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 82, “Th.” 242, 246, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 705, “El.” 324, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 414, “V.” 758, 922, etc.)]; even νῠν is written νῦν in codices vett. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus)] passim, also in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 87, “Tr.” 92, etc.)]; hence νυν may frequently be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of τοίνῡ?~Xν perhaps shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position: in signf. I νῦν can occupy any position; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like{ἄν, δέ, γάρ}, etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 468, compare “OC” 1333; ἀπό νύν με λείπετ᾽ ἤδη [prev. author] “Ph.” 1177 (Lyric poetry); μετά νυν δός 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 56 (Lyric poetry))]; νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only δέ to precede.] (Cf. Sanskrit nú, n[umacracute], nūnám, O[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus)] nū 'now', etc.)