Strong G2756κενός
empty
- Transliteration
- kenos
- Pronunciation
- ken-os'
- Morphology
- Greek Adjective
Definition
Apparently a primary word;
empty (literally or figuratively): - empty (in) vain.
empty (literally or figuratively): - empty (in) vain.
Detailed definition
κενός, -ή, -όν
[in LXX chiefly for רִיק and cognate forms;]
empty (Gen.37:24, Jdg.7:16). Metaphorical,
__(a) empty, vain: λόγοι, Eph.5:6; ἀπάτη, Col.2:8; κήρυγμα, πίστις, 1Co.15:14;
__(b) vain, fruitless: ἡ χάρις, 1Co.15:10; κόπος, 1Co.15:50; ἡ εἴσοδος, 1Th.2:1; κενά, Act.4:25 (LXX); εἰς κενόν, in vain, to no purpose (Diod., LXX; cl. διὰ κενῆς), 2Co.6:1, Gal.2:2, Php.2:16, 1Th.3:5;
__(with) of persons, empty-handed: Mrk.12:3, Luk.1:53 20:10-11; vain, Jas.2:20.†
SYN.: μάταιος, of the aim or effect of an action, κ. of its quality (Lft. on Cl. Rom., 1Co., § 7; Tr., Syn., xlix) (AS)
[in LXX chiefly for רִיק and cognate forms;]
empty (Gen.37:24, Jdg.7:16). Metaphorical,
__(a) empty, vain: λόγοι, Eph.5:6; ἀπάτη, Col.2:8; κήρυγμα, πίστις, 1Co.15:14;
__(b) vain, fruitless: ἡ χάρις, 1Co.15:10; κόπος, 1Co.15:50; ἡ εἴσοδος, 1Th.2:1; κενά, Act.4:25 (LXX); εἰς κενόν, in vain, to no purpose (Diod., LXX; cl. διὰ κενῆς), 2Co.6:1, Gal.2:2, Php.2:16, 1Th.3:5;
__(with) of persons, empty-handed: Mrk.12:3, Luk.1:53 20:10-11; vain, Jas.2:20.†
SYN.: μάταιος, of the aim or effect of an action, κ. of its quality (Lft. on Cl. Rom., 1Co., § 7; Tr., Syn., xlix) (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G2756 appears in 16 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- vain11
- empty4
- thing1
First verses
- Mark 12:3And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.
- Luke 1:53He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.
- Luke 20:10And at the season he sent a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.
- Luke 20:11And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
- Acts 4:25Who by the mouth of thy servant David hast said, Why did the heathen rage, and the people imagine vain things?
- 1 Corinthians 15:10But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.
- 1 Corinthians 15:14And if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain, and your faith is also vain.
- 1 Corinthians 15:58Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labour is not in vain in the Lord.
- 2 Corinthians 6:1We then, as workers together with him, beseech you also that ye receive not the grace of God in vain.
- Galatians 2:2And I went up by revelation, and communicated unto them that gospel which I preach among the Gentiles, but privately to them which were of reputation, lest by any means I should run, or had run, in vain.
- Ephesians 5:6Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.
- Philippians 2:16Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain.
- Colossians 2:8Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ.
- 1 Thessalonians 2:1For yourselves, brethren, know our entrance in unto you, that it was not in vain:
- 1 Thessalonians 3:5For this cause, when I could no longer forbear, I sent to know your faith, lest by some means the tempter have tempted you, and our labour be in vain.
- James 2:20But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
κενός, ή, όν,
Ionic dialect and poetry κεινός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.376, 4.181, 11.160, 15.453, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.65, 3.45, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73, +others)]; Epic dialect also κενεός, as always in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] (except in Il.[same places], and κενός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.249 (assuming variant, perhaps κενέ᾽ εὔγματα or κείν᾽ εὔγματα)), also 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 7.24, 5th c.BC: Melissus Philosophus 7, Timo 20.2 (_comparative_))], and in Doric dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).121.73 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; Aeolic dialect κέννος, accusative to Greg. Cor.p.610 [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus: _superlative_ κεννότατος Scholia Tz.in “Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 3.356.18)]; but οἱ Αἰολεῖς.. οὐ λέγουσι κέννος Choerob.in [Refs (“Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 2.242, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.302, and the true _Aeolic dialect_ is probably κένος or κένεος)], from κενϝος, kenevos,[Refs 5th c.AD+ (compare 5th c.AD: Cypria)] κενευϝός [Refs (“Schwyzer” 683.4.)]
I mostly of things, empty, opposed to πλέως, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 280)]; opposed to πλήρης, [Refs ([prev. author] “Nu.” 1054)]; opposed to μεστός, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 12; κενεὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἔχοντες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.42; νοστήσαντας κεινῇσι χερσί 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73; κεναῖς χερσίν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 796b (see. below 11.2))]; τὸ κ. (i.e. τάλαντον) the empty one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 488.5; κ. οἴκησις 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 31; γῆ [prev. author] “OT” 55; εὐνή [prev. author] “Ant.” 424)]; χώματα κεινά, ={κενοτάφια}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.85; κ. τάφος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1057)]; κατέθισαν ἐπὶ κενευϝῶν (i.e. τάφων genitive singular) [Refs 5th c.AD+ (“Schwyzer” [prev. cited] (5th c.AD: Cypria))]; κ. χρόνος a pause in music, Anon.[Refs 1st c.AD+ (Bellerm. 83; σφυγμὸς κ. 1st c.AD: Agathinus Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 8.936)]; of wool and wine, uncertain meaning in [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Archigenes Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 8.945)]; τὸ κ. the void of space, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 9, Meliss.[same place], 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 13, +others, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.6U., etc.)]; τὸ κ., ={τόπος ἐστερημένος σώματος}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 208b26, compare 213a13 ff., “Cael.” 279a13; κ. χώρα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 58a)]; ἢν κενεὸν λάβῃ [ἡ διακοπή] if it penetrates the (brain-) cavity, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aph.”)][same place]; especiallyAstrology texts, not occupied by a planet, κ. δρόμος [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 2.452, compareVett. Val. 94.27)]; compare κενοδρομέω.
I.2 empty, fruitless, void, κενὰ εὔγματα εἰπών [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.249 (see. above))]; ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδες, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 5.16, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 804; γνώμα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 4.40, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 753; ἔξοδοι [prev. author] “Aj.” 287; φροντίδες [prev. author] “fragment” 949)]; τέρψις[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 577; φόβοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 548, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.2.21; φρόνημα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 494d, etc.; κ. πρόφασις καὶ ψευδής 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.150; λοιδορία κ. [prev. author] 2.5; μάταιον καὶ κ. [prev. work]12; κενὸν ἆρα καὶ τὸ φάρμακον πρὸς τὸ κ. probably in 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 530.19)]; ἀπόντων κενὴν κατηγορεῖν bring an idle charge, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Respiratione” 470b12)]; ineffectual, λύγξ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.49)]; πουλυμαθημοσύνης, τῆς οὐ κενεώτερον ἄλλο Timo [same place]; πολλὰ κ. τοῦ πολέμου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1116b7; κ. δόξαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 15)]; ἐπιθυμίαι, opposed to φυσικαί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ep.” 3p.62U., 2nd c.AD: Diogenes Oenoandensis Epicureus 59; κ. ὀρέξεις 4th c.AD: Metrodorus Epigrammaticus “Herc.” 831.16; frequently in adverbial usages, _neuter_ _plural_, κενεὰ πνεύσαις 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).93)]; ἡ διὰ κενῆς ἐπανάσεισις τῶν ὅπλων empty flourishing of arms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126)]; διὰ κενῆς ῥίπτειν throw without a projectile, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 881a39)]; κεκλάγγω διὰ κενῆς ἄλλως to no purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 929; μάτην διὰ κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Comicus 174.21; οὐ μαχοῦμαί σοι διὰ κ. 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 260; ἐν κενοῖς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 971; κατὰ κενῆς 5th c.AD: Proclus Philosophus “in Platonis Timaeum commentarii” 2.167 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator; εἰς κενόν 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 19.9, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 10.30; εἰς κ. ἡ δαπάνη “IG” 14.1746; εἰς κ. μοχθεῖν 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 51)]; κατὰ κενοῦ χανεῖν Suid. see at {λύκος ἔχανε; κατὰ κενοῦ φέρειν τὰς χεῖρας} [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.153)]; κατὰ κ. βαίνειν, ={κενεμβατεῖν}, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.463c)]: regular adverb κενῶς, διαλεκτικῶς καὶ κ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 403a2; λογικῶς καὶ κ. [prev. author] “EE” 1217b21; μὴ κ. πόνει 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 1101, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 3p.61U., 3rd c.BC: Polystratus Epicureus p.7 W., 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.17.6, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.35e.)]
II of persons and things,
II.1 c.genitive, destitute, bereft, τοῦ νοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 931; φρενῶν [prev. author] “Ant.” 754; δακρύων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 230; συμμάχων κ. δόρυ [prev. author] “Or.” 688; πεδίον κ. δένδρων 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 621a)]; κ. φρονήσεως, ἐπιστήμης, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ti.” 75a, “R.” 486c)]; κ. πόνου without the fruits of toil, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 241.)]
II.2 absolutely, empty-handed, αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μενειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.298, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.214)]; ἀπίκατο, οἱ μὲν κεινοί, οἱ δὲ φέροντες κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.131; κενὸς κενὸν καλεῖ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 353 (Lyric poetry); ἥκεις οὐ κενή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 359, compare “Tr.” 495; οὐθ᾽ ὑπεργέμων.. οὔτε κ. 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 216)]; of camels, without burdens, unloaded, opposed to ἔγγομοι, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“OGI” 629.166 (Pal- myra, 2nd c.AD))]; κ. ἂν ἴῃ.., κ. ἄπεισιν [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 370e; κ. τινὰ ἐξαποστεῖλαι LXX.Gen.31.42)]; bereft of her mate, λέαινα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 986)]; orphan, Ἔρωτες [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.59)]; ὑπ᾽ ἄσθματος κενοί exhausted.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 484)]; of places, without garrison, χῶραι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.146, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.15)]; of the body, without flesh, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.831c.)]
II.2.b devoid of wit, vain, pretentious, κεινὸς εἴην [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 3.45; διαπτυχθέντες ὤφθησαν κενοί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 709; ἀνόητον καὶ κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 530, cf. NT.Jam.2.20.)]
III comparative and superlative, κενότερος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Strattis Comicus 10 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)]; -ότατος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.25, 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.67 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, +others, compare 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “Scholia in Theodosii Canones” 2.76, “Etymologicum Magnum” 275.50)]; κενώτερος, -ώτατος, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175d, variant in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1107a30 (_comparative_))]; κενεώτερος Timo (see. above); κενεώτατος variant in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 62.)]
Ionic dialect and poetry κεινός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.376, 4.181, 11.160, 15.453, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.65, 3.45, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73, +others)]; Epic dialect also κενεός, as always in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] (except in Il.[same places], and κενός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.249 (assuming variant, perhaps κενέ᾽ εὔγματα or κείν᾽ εὔγματα)), also 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 7.24, 5th c.BC: Melissus Philosophus 7, Timo 20.2 (_comparative_))], and in Doric dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (“IG” 42(1).121.73 (Epid., 4th c.BC))]; Aeolic dialect κέννος, accusative to Greg. Cor.p.610 [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus: _superlative_ κεννότατος Scholia Tz.in “Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 3.356.18)]; but οἱ Αἰολεῖς.. οὐ λέγουσι κέννος Choerob.in [Refs (“Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 2.242, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.302, and the true _Aeolic dialect_ is probably κένος or κένεος)], from κενϝος, kenevos,[Refs 5th c.AD+ (compare 5th c.AD: Cypria)] κενευϝός [Refs (“Schwyzer” 683.4.)]
I mostly of things, empty, opposed to πλέως, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 280)]; opposed to πλήρης, [Refs ([prev. author] “Nu.” 1054)]; opposed to μεστός, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Diphilus Comicus 12; κενεὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἔχοντες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.42; νοστήσαντας κεινῇσι χερσί 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73; κεναῖς χερσίν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 796b (see. below 11.2))]; τὸ κ. (i.e. τάλαντον) the empty one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 488.5; κ. οἴκησις 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 31; γῆ [prev. author] “OT” 55; εὐνή [prev. author] “Ant.” 424)]; χώματα κεινά, ={κενοτάφια}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.85; κ. τάφος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 1057)]; κατέθισαν ἐπὶ κενευϝῶν (i.e. τάφων genitive singular) [Refs 5th c.AD+ (“Schwyzer” [prev. cited] (5th c.AD: Cypria))]; κ. χρόνος a pause in music, Anon.[Refs 1st c.AD+ (Bellerm. 83; σφυγμὸς κ. 1st c.AD: Agathinus Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 8.936)]; of wool and wine, uncertain meaning in [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Archigenes Medicus cited in 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 8.945)]; τὸ κ. the void of space, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 9, Meliss.[same place], 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 13, +others, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 1p.6U., etc.)]; τὸ κ., ={τόπος ἐστερημένος σώματος}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 208b26, compare 213a13 ff., “Cael.” 279a13; κ. χώρα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 58a)]; ἢν κενεὸν λάβῃ [ἡ διακοπή] if it penetrates the (brain-) cavity, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aph.”)][same place]; especiallyAstrology texts, not occupied by a planet, κ. δρόμος [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 2.452, compareVett. Val. 94.27)]; compare κενοδρομέω.
I.2 empty, fruitless, void, κενὰ εὔγματα εἰπών [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.249 (see. above))]; ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδες, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 5.16, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 804; γνώμα 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 4.40, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 753; ἔξοδοι [prev. author] “Aj.” 287; φροντίδες [prev. author] “fragment” 949)]; τέρψις[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 577; φόβοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 548, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.2.21; φρόνημα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 494d, etc.; κ. πρόφασις καὶ ψευδής 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.150; λοιδορία κ. [prev. author] 2.5; μάταιον καὶ κ. [prev. work]12; κενὸν ἆρα καὶ τὸ φάρμακον πρὸς τὸ κ. probably in 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 530.19)]; ἀπόντων κενὴν κατηγορεῖν bring an idle charge, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Respiratione” 470b12)]; ineffectual, λύγξ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.49)]; πουλυμαθημοσύνης, τῆς οὐ κενεώτερον ἄλλο Timo [same place]; πολλὰ κ. τοῦ πολέμου [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1116b7; κ. δόξαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Sententiae” 15)]; ἐπιθυμίαι, opposed to φυσικαί, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Ep.” 3p.62U., 2nd c.AD: Diogenes Oenoandensis Epicureus 59; κ. ὀρέξεις 4th c.AD: Metrodorus Epigrammaticus “Herc.” 831.16; frequently in adverbial usages, _neuter_ _plural_, κενεὰ πνεύσαις 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).93)]; ἡ διὰ κενῆς ἐπανάσεισις τῶν ὅπλων empty flourishing of arms, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.126)]; διὰ κενῆς ῥίπτειν throw without a projectile, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Problemata” 881a39)]; κεκλάγγω διὰ κενῆς ἄλλως to no purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 929; μάτην διὰ κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Comicus 174.21; οὐ μαχοῦμαί σοι διὰ κ. 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 260; ἐν κενοῖς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 971; κατὰ κενῆς 5th c.AD: Proclus Philosophus “in Platonis Timaeum commentarii” 2.167 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator; εἰς κενόν 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 19.9, 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 10.30; εἰς κ. ἡ δαπάνη “IG” 14.1746; εἰς κ. μοχθεῖν 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Μονόστιχοι - Fragmenta Comicorum Graecorum” 51)]; κατὰ κενοῦ χανεῖν Suid. see at {λύκος ἔχανε; κατὰ κενοῦ φέρειν τὰς χεῖρας} [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.153)]; κατὰ κ. βαίνειν, ={κενεμβατεῖν}, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.463c)]: regular adverb κενῶς, διαλεκτικῶς καὶ κ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 403a2; λογικῶς καὶ κ. [prev. author] “EE” 1217b21; μὴ κ. πόνει 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 1101, compare 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “Epistulae” 3p.61U., 3rd c.BC: Polystratus Epicureus p.7 W., 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.17.6, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.35e.)]
II of persons and things,
II.1 c.genitive, destitute, bereft, τοῦ νοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 931; φρενῶν [prev. author] “Ant.” 754; δακρύων 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 230; συμμάχων κ. δόρυ [prev. author] “Or.” 688; πεδίον κ. δένδρων 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 621a)]; κ. φρονήσεως, ἐπιστήμης, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ti.” 75a, “R.” 486c)]; κ. πόνου without the fruits of toil, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 241.)]
II.2 absolutely, empty-handed, αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μενειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.298, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.214)]; ἀπίκατο, οἱ μὲν κεινοί, οἱ δὲ φέροντες κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.131; κενὸς κενὸν καλεῖ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 353 (Lyric poetry); ἥκεις οὐ κενή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 359, compare “Tr.” 495; οὐθ᾽ ὑπεργέμων.. οὔτε κ. 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 216)]; of camels, without burdens, unloaded, opposed to ἔγγομοι, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (“OGI” 629.166 (Pal- myra, 2nd c.AD))]; κ. ἂν ἴῃ.., κ. ἄπεισιν [LXX+5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 370e; κ. τινὰ ἐξαποστεῖλαι LXX.Gen.31.42)]; bereft of her mate, λέαινα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 986)]; orphan, Ἔρωτες [Refs 2nd c.BC+ (2nd c.BC: Bion Bucolicus 1.59)]; ὑπ᾽ ἄσθματος κενοί exhausted.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 484)]; of places, without garrison, χῶραι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.146, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.15)]; of the body, without flesh, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.831c.)]
II.2.b devoid of wit, vain, pretentious, κεινὸς εἴην [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 3.45; διαπτυχθέντες ὤφθησαν κενοί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 709; ἀνόητον καὶ κ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 530, cf. NT.Jam.2.20.)]
III comparative and superlative, κενότερος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Strattis Comicus 10 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator)]; -ότατος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.25, 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.67 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, +others, compare 4th-5th c.AD: Choeroboscus Grammaticus “Scholia in Theodosii Canones” 2.76, “Etymologicum Magnum” 275.50)]; κενώτερος, -ώτατος, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175d, variant in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1107a30 (_comparative_))]; κενεώτερος Timo (see. above); κενεώτατος variant in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 62.)]