Strong G2560κακῶς
badly
- Transliteration
- kakōs
- Pronunciation
- kak-oce'
- Morphology
- Greek Adverb
Definition
Adverb from G2556; badly (physically or morally): - amiss diseased evil grievously miserably sick sore.
Detailed definition
κακῶς
(κακός),
adv., [in LXX: Wis.18:19, 4Ma.6:17.al.; κ. εἰπεῖν, ἐρεῖν (אָרַר, קָלַל pi.), Exo.22:28 (27), Lev.19:14, Isa.8:21; κ. ἔχειν (חָלָה, Eze.34:4, al.;]
badly, ill;
__(a) in physical sense: κ. ἔχειν, to be ill, Mat.4:24 8:16 9:12 14:35 17:15, Mrk.1:32, 34 2:17 6:55 5:31 7:2; πάσχειν, Mat.17:15 (WH, mg.); δαιμονίζεσθαι, Mat.15:22; κακοὺς κ. ἀπολέσει (as frequently in cl., see LS, see word; MM, Exp., xv), evil that they are, he will evilly, etc., Mat.21:41;
__(b) in moral sense, wrongly (1Ma.7:42, 4Mac, l.with, al.): κ. λαλεῖν, Jhn.18:23; είπεῖν, with accusative of person(s), Act.23:5; αἰτεῖσθαι, Jas.4:8,†
(AS)
(κακός),
adv., [in LXX: Wis.18:19, 4Ma.6:17.al.; κ. εἰπεῖν, ἐρεῖν (אָרַר, קָלַל pi.), Exo.22:28 (27), Lev.19:14, Isa.8:21; κ. ἔχειν (חָלָה, Eze.34:4, al.;]
badly, ill;
__(a) in physical sense: κ. ἔχειν, to be ill, Mat.4:24 8:16 9:12 14:35 17:15, Mrk.1:32, 34 2:17 6:55 5:31 7:2; πάσχειν, Mat.17:15 (WH, mg.); δαιμονίζεσθαι, Mat.15:22; κακοὺς κ. ἀπολέσει (as frequently in cl., see LS, see word; MM, Exp., xv), evil that they are, he will evilly, etc., Mat.21:41;
__(b) in moral sense, wrongly (1Ma.7:42, 4Mac, l.with, al.): κ. λαλεῖν, Jhn.18:23; είπεῖν, with accusative of person(s), Act.23:5; αἰτεῖσθαι, Jas.4:8,†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G2560 appears in 16 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- sick7
- diseased2
- evil2
- amiss1
- grievously1
- miserably1
- people1
- sore1
First verses
- Matthew 4:24And his fame went throughout all Syria: and they brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and those which were possessed with devils, and those which were lunatick, and those that had the palsy; and he healed them.
- Matthew 8:16When the even was come, they brought unto him many that were possessed with devils: and he cast out the spirits with his word, and healed all that were sick:
- Matthew 9:12But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick.
- Matthew 14:35And when the men of that place had knowledge of him, they sent out into all that country round about, and brought unto him all that were diseased;
- Matthew 15:22And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same coasts, and cried unto him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou Son of David; my daughter is grievously vexed with a devil.
- Matthew 17:15Lord, have mercy on my son: for he is lunatick, and sore vexed: for ofttimes he falleth into the fire, and oft into the water.
- Matthew 21:41They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.
- Mark 1:32And at even, when the sun did set, they brought unto him all that were diseased, and them that were possessed with devils.
- Mark 1:34And he healed many that were sick of divers diseases, and cast out many devils; and suffered not the devils to speak, because they knew him.
- Mark 2:17When Jesus heard it, he saith unto them, They that are whole have no need of the physician, but they that are sick: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.
- Mark 6:55And ran through that whole region round about, and began to carry about in beds those that were sick, where they heard he was.
- Luke 5:31And Jesus answering said unto them, They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick.
- Luke 7:2And a certain centurion’s servant, who was dear unto him, was sick, and ready to die.
- John 18:23Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me?
- Acts 23:5Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.
- James 4:3Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
Included with: κᾰκός, ή, όν,
A bad:
A.I of persons,
A.I.1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.316, compare 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 8.49.3.)]
A.I.2 of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.64; Ζεὺς δ᾽ αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον.. ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189; οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415; οὐδ᾽ ἐὰν.. φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1063; κακός τ᾽ ὢν κἀκ κακῶν [prev. work] 1397.)]
A.I.3 of courage, craven, base, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.365, 6.489; κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ (called δειλὸς ἀνήρ in the line above) 13.279)]; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.153, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.375; κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301; οἵτινες.. ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.14; κ. καὶ ἄθυμος [prev. author] 7.11)]; οὐδαμῶν κακίονες[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 104; κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1306; κακή τ᾽ ἐς ἀλκὴν καὶ σίδηρον εἰσορᾶν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 264; οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.31.)]
A.I.4 bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.487)]; [τοξότης] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 632; νομῆες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.246)]; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar,[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 578; ἰατρός 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 473)]; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 880, “Andr.” 457; μάγειρος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 265e: with _accusative_ modi, πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι)] I am not bad in all things, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.214; κ. γνώμην 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 910: also with _dative_, κακοὶ γνώμαισι [prev. author] “Aj.” 964)]: with infinitive, κ. μανθάνειν [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 545)]; [νῆσος] φυτεύεσθαι κακή [Refs (“Tragica Adespota” 393)]; compare 11.
A.I.5 in moral sense, base, evil, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.384, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 240)]; opposed to Χρηστός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 520; ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε [prev. author] “OT” 334, “Ph.” 984; πλεῖστον κάκιστος [prev. author] “OC” 744; κ. πρός τινας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.86; εἰς φίλους 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 424 codices; περὶ τὰ Χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Clitopho” 407c.)]
A.I.6 wretched, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.42.)]
A.II of things, evil, pernicious, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc., as δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.64, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, 13.602, 1.418, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.316, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766)]; Χόλος, ἔρις, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.206, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.161)]; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.82, 24.767, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.67, +others)]; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.251, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.109)]; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 328, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 354, 369, etc.)]; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 259, compare “Tr.” 461)]; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 657)]: Astrology texts, unlucky, τόποι [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Hephaestio Astrologus 1.12)]; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Paulus Alexandrinus Astrologus “M.” 1.)]
B κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as substantive, evil, ill, δίδου δ᾽ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.63; ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118; ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.65)]; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.76, “I.” 8(7).8)]; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 862, 1102, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 447, etc.)]; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 552)]; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 640, compare “OC” 496)]; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, see at {Ἰλιά; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά} to do harm or ill to any one, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.195, etc.; πολλὰ κάκ᾽ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.289)]; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.304, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 265)]; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (see. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι); κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.48, etc.: in Trag. frequently repeated, κακὰ κακῶν, ={τὰ κάκιστα}, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1238 (Lyric poetry); εἴ τι πρεσβύτερον ἔτι κακοῦ κακόν [prev. author] “OT” 1365 (Lyric poetry); δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά [prev. author] “OC” 595, compare “Ant.” 1281; δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 1041 (Lyric poetry).)]
B.2 κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.61, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 571, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1244, “Ph.” 382, etc.)]
B.3 Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (Stoic. 3.18, +others, 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 1.8.1, +others)]
B.4 of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 931)]; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, [Refs ([prev. work] 294.)]
C degrees of Comparison:
C.1 regular comparative in Epic dialect, κακώτερος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.275, 15.343, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 27.22, 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.421, etc.)]: also in late Prose, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 3.62)]: irregular κακίων, ον [with ῐ], [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.277, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 262, etc.)], with ῑ in Trag., except [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 546 (_anapaest meter_); κακῑότερος “Anthologia Graeca” 12.7 (from Strato).)]
C.2 superlative κάκιστος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.--Cf. also Χείρων, Χείριστος, and ἥσσων, ἥκιστος.)]
D adverb κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.253, etc.)]; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 266, etc.; κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.11; κ. ἔχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 58, etc.)]; of illness, [NT+4th c.BC+ (NT.Matt.4.24; rarely κακῶς πάσχειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 759, 1041 (_anapaest meter_))]; Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8; κ. ὄλοισθε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1035, etc.)]; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC(?): Philemo Junior Comicus 2)]; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Mimnermus Lyricus 7.4, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 503)]; κ. εἰδότες, ={ἀγνοοῦντες}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.32, compare 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 33)]; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.126)]: comparative κάκιον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.109, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 428, And.[same place], 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 236a, etc.)]: superlative κάκιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1456, “Pax” 2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 420b, etc.)]
D.2 adverb and adjective frequently coupled in Trag., Attic dialect, etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 248; κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 446 (troch.); ἀπό σ᾽ ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 65, compare “Eq.” 189, 190, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 32.6, 6th c.AD: Procopius Caesariensis Historicus “de Bello Persico” 1.24; κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς NT.Matt.21.41; κακοὺς κάκιστα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 839)]; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1055)]; with intervening words, κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1369, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 268, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 2)]. (Perh. cognate with Avest. kasu-, comparative kasyah-, superlative kasišta- 'small', Lithuanian nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', [Refs 1st c.BC+ (\{1st c.BC-1st c.AD\}: Germanicus Caesar Epigrammaticus)] hager.)
A bad:
A.I of persons,
A.I.1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.316, compare 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 8.49.3.)]
A.I.2 of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.64; Ζεὺς δ᾽ αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον.. ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189; οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415; οὐδ᾽ ἐὰν.. φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1063; κακός τ᾽ ὢν κἀκ κακῶν [prev. work] 1397.)]
A.I.3 of courage, craven, base, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.365, 6.489; κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ (called δειλὸς ἀνήρ in the line above) 13.279)]; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8.153, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.375; κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301; οἵτινες.. ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.14; κ. καὶ ἄθυμος [prev. author] 7.11)]; οὐδαμῶν κακίονες[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 104; κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1306; κακή τ᾽ ἐς ἀλκὴν καὶ σίδηρον εἰσορᾶν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 264; οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.31.)]
A.I.4 bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.487)]; [τοξότης] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 632; νομῆες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.246)]; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar,[Refs 4th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 578; ἰατρός 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 473)]; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 880, “Andr.” 457; μάγειρος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 265e: with _accusative_ modi, πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι)] I am not bad in all things, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.214; κ. γνώμην 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 910: also with _dative_, κακοὶ γνώμαισι [prev. author] “Aj.” 964)]: with infinitive, κ. μανθάνειν [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 545)]; [νῆσος] φυτεύεσθαι κακή [Refs (“Tragica Adespota” 393)]; compare 11.
A.I.5 in moral sense, base, evil, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.384, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 240)]; opposed to Χρηστός, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 520; ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε [prev. author] “OT” 334, “Ph.” 984; πλεῖστον κάκιστος [prev. author] “OC” 744; κ. πρός τινας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.86; εἰς φίλους 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 424 codices; περὶ τὰ Χρήματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Clitopho” 407c.)]
A.I.6 wretched, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 3.42.)]
A.II of things, evil, pernicious, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc., as δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.64, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.173, 13.602, 1.418, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.316, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766)]; Χόλος, ἔρις, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.206, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.161)]; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.82, 24.767, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.67, +others)]; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.251, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.109)]; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 328, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 354, 369, etc.)]; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 259, compare “Tr.” 461)]; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 657)]: Astrology texts, unlucky, τόποι [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Hephaestio Astrologus 1.12)]; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Paulus Alexandrinus Astrologus “M.” 1.)]
B κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as substantive, evil, ill, δίδου δ᾽ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.63; ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118; ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.65)]; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.76, “I.” 8(7).8)]; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 862, 1102, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 447, etc.)]; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 552)]; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 640, compare “OC” 496)]; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, see at {Ἰλιά; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά} to do harm or ill to any one, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.195, etc.; πολλὰ κάκ᾽ ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.289)]; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.304, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 265)]; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (see. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι); κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.48, etc.: in Trag. frequently repeated, κακὰ κακῶν, ={τὰ κάκιστα}, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1238 (Lyric poetry); εἴ τι πρεσβύτερον ἔτι κακοῦ κακόν [prev. author] “OT” 1365 (Lyric poetry); δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά [prev. author] “OC” 595, compare “Ant.” 1281; δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 1041 (Lyric poetry).)]
B.2 κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.61, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 571, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1244, “Ph.” 382, etc.)]
B.3 Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (Stoic. 3.18, +others, 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 1.8.1, +others)]
B.4 of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 931)]; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, [Refs ([prev. work] 294.)]
C degrees of Comparison:
C.1 regular comparative in Epic dialect, κακώτερος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.275, 15.343, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 27.22, 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.421, etc.)]: also in late Prose, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 3.62)]: irregular κακίων, ον [with ῐ], [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.277, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 262, etc.)], with ῑ in Trag., except [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 546 (_anapaest meter_); κακῑότερος “Anthologia Graeca” 12.7 (from Strato).)]
C.2 superlative κάκιστος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.--Cf. also Χείρων, Χείριστος, and ἥσσων, ἥκιστος.)]
D adverb κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.253, etc.)]; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 266, etc.; κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.11; κ. ἔχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 58, etc.)]; of illness, [NT+4th c.BC+ (NT.Matt.4.24; rarely κακῶς πάσχειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 759, 1041 (_anapaest meter_))]; Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.8; κ. ὄλοισθε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1035, etc.)]; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC(?): Philemo Junior Comicus 2)]; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Mimnermus Lyricus 7.4, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 503)]; κ. εἰδότες, ={ἀγνοοῦντες}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.13, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 8.32, compare 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 33)]; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.126)]: comparative κάκιον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.109, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 428, And.[same place], 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Menexenus” 236a, etc.)]: superlative κάκιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1456, “Pax” 2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 420b, etc.)]
D.2 adverb and adjective frequently coupled in Trag., Attic dialect, etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 248; κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 446 (troch.); ἀπό σ᾽ ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 65, compare “Eq.” 189, 190, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 32.6, 6th c.AD: Procopius Caesariensis Historicus “de Bello Persico” 1.24; κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς NT.Matt.21.41; κακοὺς κάκιστα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 839)]; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 1055)]; with intervening words, κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1369, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 268, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 2)]. (Perh. cognate with Avest. kasu-, comparative kasyah-, superlative kasišta- 'small', Lithuanian nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', [Refs 1st c.BC+ (\{1st c.BC-1st c.AD\}: Germanicus Caesar Epigrammaticus)] hager.)