Strong G2239ἦθος

ἦθος, εος, τό
(compare ἔθος), an accustomed place: hence, in plural, haunts or abodes of animals, μετά τ᾽ ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.511; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.411)]; of lions, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.125)]; of fish, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Oppianus Anazarbensis Epicus “Halieutica - Poetae Bucolici et Didactici” 1.93)]; of the abodes of men, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 167, 525, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.15, 157, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 64 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 274, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 865e, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Mundo” 398b33)]; ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι away from his accustomed place, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.142)]; of plants, [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Callistratus Sophista “Statuarum descriptiones” 7)]: metaphorically, with play on signification [Refs 5th c.BC+ (11, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 277a.)]
II custom, usage: in plural, manners, customs, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 137, “Th.” 66, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.30, 35, 4.106, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.61; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 896c)]; ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ[Refs 5th c.BC+ (. [prev. work] 695e; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ᾽ ὁμιλίαι κακαί “PHib.” 1.7.94 (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1024 = 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus 218); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 5.21.)]
II.2 disposition, character, ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 67, 78; ἦ. ἐμφυές 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 11(10).21)]; ἀκίχητα ἤ., of Zeus, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 187; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 595)]; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ. [Refs ([prev. author] “Ant.” 746)]; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.31)]; βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.14)]; especially moral character, opposed to διάνοια, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1139a1)]; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 792e, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Eudemia” 1220a39; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 119)]; ἦ. πηγὴ βίου Stoic. cited in [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 2.7.1)]; τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 400d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 61.16: frequently opposed to πάθος, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1356a23 (_plural_), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “Epistula ad Pompeium” 3; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 243c: less frequently in _dative_, ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ. 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 6.2, compare “Inscription Magn.” 164.3 (1st-2nd c.AD))]: plural, traits, characteristics, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 402d, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1144b4 (in _sing._, τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 836d))]: seldom in plural, of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιστολαί” 11; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 1.1e.)]
II.2.b of outward bearing, ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 8.3; ὑγρότης ἤθους 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 33)]; ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Dio” 4)]: in plural, of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “de gymnastica” 25.)]
II.2.c in Rhet., delineation of character, ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1395b13; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.200S.)]; especially opposed to πάθος, [Refs 3rd c.AD+ (3rd c.AD: Longinus Rhetor 9.15, etc.)]; κατ᾽ ἦ. λέγεσθαι, opposed to κατὰ πάθος, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 22, compare “Lys.” 19: in _plural_, πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ ποιημάτων” 5.5; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν 4th c.BC: Demetrius Phalereus Rhetor “Demetrius on Style” 28, etc.)]; so of works of art, ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1450a29; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 4.3; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Heroicus” 2.10)]; also of Music, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 6.49.)]
II.2.d dramatis persona, εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ. [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1450a11, +others)]
II.3 also of animals, ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων (probable reading for ἔθος) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 727, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1219, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 375e, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 487a12 (_plural_); τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής, of a bird, [prev. work] 615a18)]; of things, nature, kind, παρὰ δ᾽ ἦ. ἑκάστῳ (to each of the four elements) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 17.28; τοῦ πυρετοῦ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 7.353.)]
II.4 ἐν ἤθει tactfully [Refs 1st c.AD+ (compare (ἠθικός 11.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.73e. compare 5th c.AD: Hermias Alexandrinus Philosophus “in Platonis Phaedrum scholia” p.195A.)]; διὰ μέτριον ἦθος, of the expression δοκεῖ μοι, [Refs 7th c.AD+ (7th c.AD: Stephanus Medicus “in Hp.” 1.59D.)]