Strong G2229ἦ
surely
- Transliteration
- ē
- Pronunciation
- ay
- Morphology
- Greek Adverb
Definition
Detailed definition
ἦ (μήν), see: εἰ, iii, 7.
εἰ,
conjunctive particle, used in conditions and in indirect questions.
I. Conditional, if;
1. with indic, expressing a general assumption;
__(a) pres.: before indic, pres., Mat.11:14, Rom.8:25, al.; before imperat., Mrk.4:23 9:22, Jhn.15:18, 1Co.7:9, al.; before fut. indic., Luk.16:31, Rom.8:11, al.; before pf. or aor., with negation in apodosis, Mat.12:26, Rom.4:14, al.; similarly, before impf., Luk.17:6, Jhn.8:39; before quæst., Mat.6:23, Jhn.5:47 7:23 8:46, 1Pe.2:20;
__(b) fut.: Mat.26:33, 1Pe.2:20;
__(with) pf.: Jhn.11:12, Rom.6:5, al.;
__(d) aor.: Luk.16:11 19:8, Jhn.13:32, 18:23, Rev.20:15, al.
2. Where the assumption is certain = ἐπεί: Mat.12:28, Jhn.7:4, Rom.5:17, al.
3. Of an unfulfilled condition, with indic, impf., aor. or plpf., before ἄν, with imp. or aor. (see: ἄν, I, i).
4. C. indic., after verbs denoting wonder, etc., sometimes, but not always, coupled with an element of doubt: Mrk.15:44, 1Jn.3:13, al.
5. C. indic., as in LXX (Num.14:3o, 1Ki.14:45, al. = Heb. אִם), in oaths, with the formula of imprecation understood in a suppressed apodosis (WM, 627; Burton, §272): Mrk.8:12, Heb.3:11" (LXX) 4:3 (LXX).
6. Rarely (cl.) with optative, to express a merely possible condition: Act.24:19 27:39, 1Co.14:10 15:37, I Pe3:14, 17.
II. Interrogative, if, whether.
1. As in cl., in indir. questions after verbs of seeing, asking, knowing, saying, etc.: with indic. pres., Mat.26:63, Mrk.15:36, Act.19:2, 2Co.13:5, al.; fut., Mrk.3:2, Act.8:22, al.; aor., Mrk.15:44, 1Co.1:16, al.; with subjc. aor. (M, Pr., 194), Php.3:12.
2. As in LXX (= Heb. אִם and interrog. הֲ, Gen.17:17, al.; see WM, 639f.; Viteau, i, 22), in direct questions: Mrk.8:23 (Tr., WH, txt.), Luk.13:23, 22:49, Act.19:2, al.
III. With other particles.
1. εἰ ἄρα, εἴγε, εἰ δὲ μήγε, see: ἄρα, γε.
2. εἰ δὲ καί, but if also: Luk.11:18; but even if, 1Co.4:7, 2Co.4:3 11:16.
3. εἰ δὲ μή, but if not, but if otherwise: Mrk.2:21, 22 Jhn.14:2, Rev.2:5, al.
4. εἰ καί, if even, if also, although: Mrk.14:29, Luk.11:8, 1Co.7:21, 2Co.4:16, Php.2:17, al.
5. καὶ εἰ, even if, see: καί
6. εἰ μή, if not, unless, except, but only: Mat.24:22, Mrk.2:26 6:5, Jhn.9:33, 1Co.7:17 (only), Gal.1:19 (cf. ἐὰν μή, 2:16; see Hort., Ja., xvi); ἐκτὸς εἰ μή, pleonastic (Bl., §65, 6), 1Co.14:5 15:2, 1Ti.5:19.
7. εἰ μήν = cl. ἦ μήν (M, Pr., 46), in oaths, surely (Eze.33:27, al.): Heb.6:14.
8. εἴ πως, if haply: Act.27:12, Rom.1:10.
9. εἴτε... εἴτε, whether... or; Rom.12:6-8, 1Co.3:22 13:8, al.
(AS)
εἰ,
conjunctive particle, used in conditions and in indirect questions.
I. Conditional, if;
1. with indic, expressing a general assumption;
__(a) pres.: before indic, pres., Mat.11:14, Rom.8:25, al.; before imperat., Mrk.4:23 9:22, Jhn.15:18, 1Co.7:9, al.; before fut. indic., Luk.16:31, Rom.8:11, al.; before pf. or aor., with negation in apodosis, Mat.12:26, Rom.4:14, al.; similarly, before impf., Luk.17:6, Jhn.8:39; before quæst., Mat.6:23, Jhn.5:47 7:23 8:46, 1Pe.2:20;
__(b) fut.: Mat.26:33, 1Pe.2:20;
__(with) pf.: Jhn.11:12, Rom.6:5, al.;
__(d) aor.: Luk.16:11 19:8, Jhn.13:32, 18:23, Rev.20:15, al.
2. Where the assumption is certain = ἐπεί: Mat.12:28, Jhn.7:4, Rom.5:17, al.
3. Of an unfulfilled condition, with indic, impf., aor. or plpf., before ἄν, with imp. or aor. (see: ἄν, I, i).
4. C. indic., after verbs denoting wonder, etc., sometimes, but not always, coupled with an element of doubt: Mrk.15:44, 1Jn.3:13, al.
5. C. indic., as in LXX (Num.14:3o, 1Ki.14:45, al. = Heb. אִם), in oaths, with the formula of imprecation understood in a suppressed apodosis (WM, 627; Burton, §272): Mrk.8:12, Heb.3:11" (LXX) 4:3 (LXX).
6. Rarely (cl.) with optative, to express a merely possible condition: Act.24:19 27:39, 1Co.14:10 15:37, I Pe3:14, 17.
II. Interrogative, if, whether.
1. As in cl., in indir. questions after verbs of seeing, asking, knowing, saying, etc.: with indic. pres., Mat.26:63, Mrk.15:36, Act.19:2, 2Co.13:5, al.; fut., Mrk.3:2, Act.8:22, al.; aor., Mrk.15:44, 1Co.1:16, al.; with subjc. aor. (M, Pr., 194), Php.3:12.
2. As in LXX (= Heb. אִם and interrog. הֲ, Gen.17:17, al.; see WM, 639f.; Viteau, i, 22), in direct questions: Mrk.8:23 (Tr., WH, txt.), Luk.13:23, 22:49, Act.19:2, al.
III. With other particles.
1. εἰ ἄρα, εἴγε, εἰ δὲ μήγε, see: ἄρα, γε.
2. εἰ δὲ καί, but if also: Luk.11:18; but even if, 1Co.4:7, 2Co.4:3 11:16.
3. εἰ δὲ μή, but if not, but if otherwise: Mrk.2:21, 22 Jhn.14:2, Rev.2:5, al.
4. εἰ καί, if even, if also, although: Mrk.14:29, Luk.11:8, 1Co.7:21, 2Co.4:16, Php.2:17, al.
5. καὶ εἰ, even if, see: καί
6. εἰ μή, if not, unless, except, but only: Mat.24:22, Mrk.2:26 6:5, Jhn.9:33, 1Co.7:17 (only), Gal.1:19 (cf. ἐὰν μή, 2:16; see Hort., Ja., xvi); ἐκτὸς εἰ μή, pleonastic (Bl., §65, 6), 1Co.14:5 15:2, 1Ti.5:19.
7. εἰ μήν = cl. ἦ μήν (M, Pr., 46), in oaths, surely (Eze.33:27, al.): Heb.6:14.
8. εἴ πως, if haply: Act.27:12, Rom.1:10.
9. εἴτε... εἴτε, whether... or; Rom.12:6-8, 1Co.3:22 13:8, al.
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G2229 appears in 1 verse of the KJV.
First verses
- Hebrews 6:14Saying, Surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
ἦ,
adverb, never in the form ἦε (ἠέ):
I TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, of a surety, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, +others)]; with concessive force, it is true that.. : hence, although.. , ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν [Refs (3.215)]: frequently strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.199; ἦ δή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 429; ἦ θην 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.452; ἦ κάρτα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1279; ἦ μάλα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422)]; ἦ μήν and ἦ μέν (see. below); ἦ νυ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.11; ἦ τάχα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, ἦ που, see at {ἦ που} and ποῦ: especially ἦ μήν)] used in oaths and asseverations, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.291, 7.393, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.370, 13.354, 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.5; ἦ μέν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.65 (later εἶ μήν, see at {εἷ}))]: with infinitive in indirect speech, after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.77)]; ἦ μέν also in Ionic dialect historical Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.154, 5.93, +others; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 115d)]; ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν Legal cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.39)]: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.798, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.257, +others; ἦ δὴ μάν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.538.)]
I.2 in the combinations ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ and τί ; [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 255.5, “Synt.” 307.19 (cf. Hdn.Gr. 1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' ἠ)] (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispomenon after ἐπεί, barytone after ὅτι or τί. It is probably the same as the affirmative ἦ [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (compare (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “Conj.”[same place]))], and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.169, +others)]; ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 156, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί.. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.437, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.442. 1st c.BC: Trypho Grammaticus took τίη)] as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.55, but 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus (“Conj.”[same place]) infers from the accent of ὅτι ἢ that τί ἢ)] was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by [Refs (12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 45 [near the start], 118.39, 907.14 to be τιή, ὁτιή(which see).)]
I.3 this ἦ (or ἢ) is probably to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.348, 19.109, where codices have ἢ (in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.348 ἠδέ (conjecture Bekker) should perhaps be read for ἠέ).)]
II in Questions not involving alternatives:
II.1 Direct questions,
II.1.a epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, τίπτ᾽ εἰλήλουθα; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονο; why hast thou come? is it that thou mayst see.. ? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.203, compare 5.466, 7.26, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.710, 13.418, 17.376, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 17.5)]; τί δῆτα χρῄζει; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 622, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1425 (ἤ codices))]; τίς σοι διηγεῖτ; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτη; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 173a (_perispomenon_, codex B): on the accent, 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus Gr. 2.112.)]
II.1.b not epexegetic of a preceding question, ἦ σύ γ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπο; art thou the wily Odysseus? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.330, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.666, 15.504)]; ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορο; do you not hear.[Refs 8th c.BC+ (.? [prev. work] 506, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.424)]; ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκτα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 43c)]; ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτ; don't you think so too? [Refs ([prev. author] “Grg.” 479b (_perispomenon_, codex T); ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτ; shall we work them (the consequences) out? [prev. work] 479c (_perispomenon_, codex T))]; ἦ τορῶς λέγ; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 269)]; ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρώ; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 757: frequently with other Particles, ἦ ἄρ..; 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.166, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.56; mostly ἦ ῥα..; 5.421, 762, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.632)]; also in Trag. (in Lyric poetry), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 633, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 172, 955)]: especially to mark the first of several questions, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 7(6).3)] ff.; ἦ ἄρα δή..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.446; ἦ ῥά νυ..; 4.93; ἦ νυ..; 15.128)]; ἦ ταῦτα δή..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 565, “El.” 385)]; ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..; [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 429)]; ἦ γάρ..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 745, 757, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1000: in _Attic dialect_ Prose, ἦ γάρ)]; standing alone, is it not so? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 160e, “Grg.” 449d, 468d)]; ἦ καί..; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1207, 1362:)] —ἦ usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.421, 762, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.632, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 863, 1102, or ἀλλά, as in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 276, “Ch.” 774:)] —by Crasis ἦ combines with ἄρα in _Attic dialect_ and the κοινή to ἆρα (which see), in all other dialects [Refs 7th c.BC+ (compare (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 223.24) to ἦρα (which see), but ἆρα is found in 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.78 (ἄρα codices), +others, 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 86, 89.)]
II.2 Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ᾽ εἴης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.415 (variant{εἰ})], which alone has Ms. authority in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.83, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.111 (variant{εἰ}))]; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθ; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.138 (variant{εἰ}))]; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν they shall investigate whether.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (Tab.Heracl. 1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη 3rd c.BC: Isyllus Lyricus 34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι “IG” 12(3).170.12 (from Astypalaea): accented ἤ in codices 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, but it should perhaps be _perispomenon_)]
A ἦ, for ἔφη, 3rd.pers. singular imperfect or aorist 2 of ἠμί (which see). ἦ, for ἦν, Attic dialect contraction from Ionic ἔα, imperfect of εἰμί (sum).
adverb, never in the form ἦε (ἠέ):
I TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, of a surety, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, +others)]; with concessive force, it is true that.. : hence, although.. , ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν [Refs (3.215)]: frequently strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.199; ἦ δή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 429; ἦ θην 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.452; ἦ κάρτα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1279; ἦ μάλα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422)]; ἦ μήν and ἦ μέν (see. below); ἦ νυ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.11; ἦ τάχα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, ἦ που, see at {ἦ που} and ποῦ: especially ἦ μήν)] used in oaths and asseverations, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.291, 7.393, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.370, 13.354, 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica “Papyrus fragments” in E. Diehl, 23.5; ἦ μέν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.65 (later εἶ μήν, see at {εἷ}))]: with infinitive in indirect speech, after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.77)]; ἦ μέν also in Ionic dialect historical Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.154, 5.93, +others; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 115d)]; ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν Legal cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 24.39)]: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.798, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.257, +others; ἦ δὴ μάν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.538.)]
I.2 in the combinations ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ and τί ; [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 255.5, “Synt.” 307.19 (cf. Hdn.Gr. 1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' ἠ)] (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispomenon after ἐπεί, barytone after ὅτι or τί. It is probably the same as the affirmative ἦ [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (compare (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “Conj.”[same place]))], and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.169, +others)]; ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα[Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 156, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί.. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.437, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.442. 1st c.BC: Trypho Grammaticus took τίη)] as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.55, but 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus (“Conj.”[same place]) infers from the accent of ὅτι ἢ that τί ἢ)] was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by [Refs (12th c.AD: Eustathius Episcopus Thessalonicensis 45 [near the start], 118.39, 907.14 to be τιή, ὁτιή(which see).)]
I.3 this ἦ (or ἢ) is probably to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.348, 19.109, where codices have ἢ (in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.348 ἠδέ (conjecture Bekker) should perhaps be read for ἠέ).)]
II in Questions not involving alternatives:
II.1 Direct questions,
II.1.a epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, τίπτ᾽ εἰλήλουθα; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονο; why hast thou come? is it that thou mayst see.. ? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.203, compare 5.466, 7.26, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.710, 13.418, 17.376, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 17.5)]; τί δῆτα χρῄζει; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 622, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 1425 (ἤ codices))]; τίς σοι διηγεῖτ; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτη; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 173a (_perispomenon_, codex B): on the accent, 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus Gr. 2.112.)]
II.1.b not epexegetic of a preceding question, ἦ σύ γ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπο; art thou the wily Odysseus? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.330, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.666, 15.504)]; ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορο; do you not hear.[Refs 8th c.BC+ (.? [prev. work] 506, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.424)]; ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκτα; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 43c)]; ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτ; don't you think so too? [Refs ([prev. author] “Grg.” 479b (_perispomenon_, codex T); ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτ; shall we work them (the consequences) out? [prev. work] 479c (_perispomenon_, codex T))]; ἦ τορῶς λέγ; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 269)]; ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρώ; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 757: frequently with other Particles, ἦ ἄρ..; 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.166, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.56; mostly ἦ ῥα..; 5.421, 762, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.632)]; also in Trag. (in Lyric poetry), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 633, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 172, 955)]: especially to mark the first of several questions, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 7(6).3)] ff.; ἦ ἄρα δή..; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.446; ἦ ῥά νυ..; 4.93; ἦ νυ..; 15.128)]; ἦ ταῦτα δή..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 565, “El.” 385)]; ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..; [Refs ([prev. author] “OT” 429)]; ἦ γάρ..; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 745, 757, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1000: in _Attic dialect_ Prose, ἦ γάρ)]; standing alone, is it not so? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 160e, “Grg.” 449d, 468d)]; ἦ καί..; [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1207, 1362:)] —ἦ usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.421, 762, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.632, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 863, 1102, or ἀλλά, as in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 276, “Ch.” 774:)] —by Crasis ἦ combines with ἄρα in _Attic dialect_ and the κοινή to ἆρα (which see), in all other dialects [Refs 7th c.BC+ (compare (2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 223.24) to ἦρα (which see), but ἆρα is found in 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.78 (ἄρα codices), +others, 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 86, 89.)]
II.2 Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ᾽ εἴης [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.415 (variant{εἰ})], which alone has Ms. authority in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.83, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.111 (variant{εἰ}))]; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθ; [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.138 (variant{εἰ}))]; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν they shall investigate whether.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (Tab.Heracl. 1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη 3rd c.BC: Isyllus Lyricus 34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι “IG” 12(3).170.12 (from Astypalaea): accented ἤ in codices 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, but it should perhaps be _perispomenon_)]
A ἦ, for ἔφη, 3rd.pers. singular imperfect or aorist 2 of ἠμί (which see). ἦ, for ἦν, Attic dialect contraction from Ionic ἔα, imperfect of εἰμί (sum).