Strong G1643ἐλαύνω
to drive
- Transliteration
- elaunō
- Pronunciation
- el-ow'-no
- Morphology
- Greek Verb
Definition
A prolonged form of a primary verb (obsolete except in certain tenses as an alternate of this) of uncertain affinity; to push (as wind oars or daemoniacal power): - carry drive row.
Detailed definition
ἐλαύνω
[in LXX: Isa.41:7 (הָלַם) Isa.33:21 (שַׁיִט), etc.;]
to drive: of the wind, Jas.3:4, 2Pe.2:17; of sailors rowing or sailing a boat, Mrk.6:48, Jhn.6:19; of demons, Luk.8:29 (cf. ἀπ-, συν-ελαύνω).†
(AS)
[in LXX: Isa.41:7 (הָלַם) Isa.33:21 (שַׁיִט), etc.;]
to drive: of the wind, Jas.3:4, 2Pe.2:17; of sailors rowing or sailing a boat, Mrk.6:48, Jhn.6:19; of demons, Luk.8:29 (cf. ἀπ-, συν-ελαύνω).†
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G1643 appears in 5 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- drive2
- carried1
- row1
- rowing1
First verses
- Mark 6:48And he saw them toiling in rowing; for the wind was contrary unto them: and about the fourth watch of the night he cometh unto them, walking upon the sea, and would have passed by them.
- Luke 8:29(For he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For oftentimes it had caught him: and he was kept bound with chains and in fetters; and he brake the bands, and was driven of the devil into the wilderness.)
- John 6:19So when they had rowed about five and twenty or thirty furlongs, they see Jesus walking on the sea, and drawing nigh unto the ship: and they were afraid.
- James 3:4Behold also the ships, which though they be so great, and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small helm, whithersoever the governor listeth.
- 2 Peter 2:17These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
ἐλαύνω,
[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.62, etc.: _Ionic dialect_)]imperfect ἐλαύνεσκον (ἀπ-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.119:)]future ἐλάσω [ᾰ], participle ἐλάσοντας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.55 codices, compare 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 2.36, (ἐξ-) 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τόπων τῶν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον” 46, “Nat.Mul.” 32 (ἐλάσσω)] (παρ-) is falsa lectio in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.427, and ξυνελάσσομεν)] is subjunctive in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.39); ἐλάω 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.411)]; Attic dialect ἐλῶ, ᾷς, ᾷ, infinitive ἐλᾶν, also [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.207, etc., and so 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] in the resolved form ἐλόω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.315, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.319)]: infinitive ἐλάαν (though this is also infinitive present, see below) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.496, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.290)]: aorist 1 ἤλᾰσα, Epic dialect ἔλᾰσα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.80, ἔλασσα 18.564)], Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἐλάσασκεν [Refs (2.199:)]perfect ἐλήλᾰκα (ἀπ-, ἐξ-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.2.10, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 828:)]pluperfect ἐληλάκειν (ἐξ-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.90)]:— middle (see. below [Refs (1.2))], future ἐλάσομαι (παρ-) uncertain reading in [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 3.30.3)]: aorist ἠλασάμην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.682)], rare in Attic dialect, as [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 484b)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἤλσατο [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Ibycus Lyricus 55)]; Epic dialect ἐλάσαιο, -ασαίατο, -ασσάμενος, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.51, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.537, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.637:)] —passive, future ἐλασθήσομαι (ἐξ-) [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 4.9:)]aorist ἠλάθην [ᾰ] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 430, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 4; later ἠλάσθην “Anthologia Graeca” 7.278 (1st c.BC: Archias), “Sammelb.” 997 (4th c.AD), (ἐξ-, συν-) 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 8.24.9, 18.22.6, etc. (in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)] the Mss. vary between the two forms, ἐξελαθείς [Refs (7.165, ἀπηλάσθησαν 3.54))]: perfect ἐλήλαμαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.113, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.84)] (ἐξ-), etc.; ἐλήλασμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 2.133, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 31.4 (probably), (ἐξ-) 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 6.22.4, (συν-) 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 233.30)]: pluperfect ἠλήλατο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.400; poetry also ἐλήλατο 4.135)]; 3rd.pers. plural ἠλήλαντο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 143, also ἐληλέδατ᾽, ἐληλέατ᾽, ἐληλάδατ᾽ variants in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.86.)]— The present ἐλάω is rare and mainly poetical, imperative ἔλα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 5(4).38, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 332, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 819, “fragment” 779.1)] (also non-thematic 3rd.pers. plural ἐλάντω [Refs (“SIG” 1025.8 (from Cos)))]: infinitive ἐλᾶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cantharus Comicus 4, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.32:)]infinitive ἐλάαν as Epic dialect infinitive present is frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (see. below 1.2))]: participle ἐλάουσα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 4.5)]: imperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἔλων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.2)], 3rd.pers. singular ἔλαεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.872; ἀπ-έλα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.32)]; but ἀπ-ήλαον in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1001 is probably an error for -ήλα᾽αν, _Doric dialect_ for -ήλασαν)]:—radical sense, drive, set in motion, of driving flocks, εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.237; κακοὺς δ᾽ ἐς μέσσον ἔλασσεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.299;)]aorist middle ἠλασάμην in active sense, [Refs (10.537, 11.682)]: frequently of horses, chariots, ships, drive, ἐλάαν (infinitive present) ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (23.334; ἐς τὴν ἀγορὴν τὸ ζεῦγος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59)]; ἐ. ἵππον ride it, [Refs ([prev. author] 4.64, +others)]; κέλητας καὶ ἅρματα ἐ. ride and drive, [Refs ([prev. author] 7.86)]; ἐ. νῆα row it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.109, etc.)]; στρατὸν ἐ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).66, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.176, 4.91, etc.)]
b with accusative omitted, intransitive, go in a chariot, drive, μάστιξεν δ᾽ ἐλάαν (i.e. ἵππους) he whipped them on, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.366, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 734, 739)]; βῆ δ᾽ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματα he drove on over the waves, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.27)]; διὰ νύκτα ἐλάαν travel the night through, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.50)]; ἐς τὸ ἄστυ ἐ. drive into the city, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.60; ἐπὶ ζευγέων ἐ. [prev. work] 199)]; ride, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 7.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 3.9, etc.)]; ἐλῶν ἐς Θρηΐκην marching.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.89, etc.)]; row, μάλα σφοδρῶς ἐλάαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.124)]; ἐλαύνοντες rowers, [Refs (13.22, etc.)]
c in this intransitive sense, it sometimes took an accusative loci, γαλήνην ἐλαύνειν to sail the calm sea, i.e. over it, [Refs (7.319)]; so τὰ ἕσπερα νῶτ᾽ ἐ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 731 (Lyric poetry))]; also ἐλαύνειν δρόμον run a course, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 28; ὁδόν 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 586.)]
d passive, [νηῦς] ἐλαυνομένη a ship under way, [NT+8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.155 (but πλοῖα ὑπὸ σκληρῶν ἀνέμων ἐλαυνόμενα NT.Jam.3.4))]; τὰ κατάντη ἐλαύνεσθαι, of horses, to be ridden on steep ground, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 8.3.)]
2 drive away, carry off, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] of stolen cattle or horses, βοῶν ἀρίστας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.353; ἵππους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.236; ἐ. ὅ τι δύναιντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.8.18)]:—middle, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.637, 20.51; ῥύσι᾽ ἐλαυνόμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.674, etc.)]
3 drive away, expel, ἐ. [τινὰ] ἐκ δήμου [Refs 5th c.BC+ (6.158; ἄνδρας ἀπ᾽ Οἰνώνας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.16: frequently in Trag., ἐ. τινὰ γῆς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 70)]; μύσος, μίασμα ἐ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 967 codices, “Eu.” 283 (_passive_),compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 98)]; ἄγος ἐ.,= ἀγηλατέω, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.126; ἐ. λῃστάς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1188, etc.)]:—passive, γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνομαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 682.)]
4 drive (to extremities), persecute, plague, οἵ μιν ἄδην ἐλόωσι.. πολέμοιο who will harass him till he has had enough of war, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.315)]; ἔτι μέν μίν φημι ἄδην λάαν κακότητος I think I shall persecute him till he has had enough, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.290; θεὸς ἐλαύνει πόλιν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 28; Ἰωνίαν ἤλασεν βίᾳ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 771; μή τι δαιμόνιον τὰ πράγματα ἐλαύνῃ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.54; σὺ δ᾽ ἀπειλεῖς πᾶσιν, ἐλαύνεις πάντας [prev. author] 21.135, compare 173)]:—passive, ἐλαυνομένων καὶ ὑβριζομένων [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 18.48; λύπῃ πᾶς ἐλήλαται κακῇ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 275; κακοῖς πρός τινος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 31; ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης καὶ οἴστρου 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 240d; τὴν ψυχὴν ἐρωτικῇ μανίᾳ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 14.18)]; ἐλαύνεσθαι τὴν γνώμην to be out of one's mind, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vitae Sophistarum” 2.27.5.)]
5 ={βινέω}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 39, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Comedy texts 3.4.)]
6 intransitive in expressions like{ἐς τοσοῦτον ἤλασαν} they drove it so far (where πρᾶγμα must be supplied), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.50; ἐς πᾶσαν κακότητα [prev. author] 2.124)]; εἰς κόρον ἐλαύνειν push matters till disgust ensued, [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 11.10)]; εἰς ἴσον (i.e. τισί) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Onosander (Onasander) Tacticus “Praef.” 4)]: hence, push on, go on, ἐγγὺς μανιῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 904 (Lyric poetry))]; ἔξω τοῦ φρονεῖν [Refs ([prev. author])]*ba.[Refs (853)]; πόρρω ἐ. σοφίας go far in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4b, compare “Grg.” 486a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.39.)]
II strike, ἐλάτῃσιν πόντον ἐλαύνοντες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.6; κιθάραν πλήκτρῳ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 351 (Lyric poetry).)]
II.2 strike with a weapon, but never with a missile, τὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.199; ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην 5.584; κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν 13.614)]; ὀδόντας ἐ. knock out, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.785: with double _accusative_, τὸν μὲν.. μεταδρομάδην ἔλασ᾽ ὦμον)] him he struck on.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.80)]; χθόνα δ᾽ ἤλασε παντὶ μετώπῳ struck earth with his forehead, of a falling man, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.94)]: with accusative cognate, inflict a wound, οὐλὴν τήν ποτέ με σῦς ἤλασε [Refs (21.219)]:—passive, with accusative νῶτον ὄπισθ᾽ αἰχμῇ δουρὸς ἐληλαμένος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 11.20; ἐλαύνεται εἰς τὸν μηρόν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Tox.” 61.)]
II.3 strike one thing against another, πρὸς γῆν ἐ. κάρη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.237)]; of weapons, drive through, διαπρὸ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (22.295; [δόρυ] διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.57, compare 20.269; ἤλασε Λυγκέος ἐν πλευραῖσι χαλκόν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.70)]:—passive, go through, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.135, 13.595)]; to be fixed in, ὀϊστὸς ὤμῳ ἐνὶ στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5.400; διὰ [σφονδύλου] διαμπερὲς ἐληλάσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 616e.)]
III metaphorically,
III.1 beat out metal, forge, ἀσπίδα.. ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς ἤλασεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.296)]; πέντε πτύχας ἤλασε beat out five plates, [Refs (20.270)]; περὶ δ᾽ ἕρκος ἔλασσε κασσιτέρου make a fence of beaten tin (with a play on signification [Refs (2), 18.564)]; εὐνὴ Ἡφαίστου χερσὶν ἐληλαμένη χρυσοῦ a bed of beaten gold, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Mimnermus Lyricus 12.6)]; σίδηρος λεπτῶς ἐληλ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Camillus” 41.)]
III.2 draw a line of wall, trench, etc., ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.450; ἀμφὶ δὲ τεῖχος ἔλασσε πόλει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.9; σταυροὺς δ᾽ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε 14.11; τοῖχοι ἐληλέατ᾽ 7.86)]; τεῖχος τοὺς ἀγκῶνας ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐλήλαται the wall has its angles carried down to the river, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.180, compare 185, 191)]; ἐληλαμέναι πέρι πύργον having a wall built round, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 872 (Lyric poetry))]; ὄγμον ἐλαύνειν work one's way down a ridge or swathe in reaping or mowing, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.68; ἐ. αὔλακα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 443)]; ἀμπελίδος ὄρχον ἐ. to draw a line of vines, i.e. plant them in line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 995)]: generally, plant, produce, ἐλᾷ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς αἰών [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.74.)]
III.3 κολῳὸν ἐλαύνειν prolong, keep up the brawl, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.575.)]
III.4 ἐξ ὄσσων ἐς γαῖαν ἐ. δάκρυ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 96.)]
[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.62, etc.: _Ionic dialect_)]imperfect ἐλαύνεσκον (ἀπ-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.119:)]future ἐλάσω [ᾰ], participle ἐλάσοντας [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.55 codices, compare 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 2.36, (ἐξ-) 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τόπων τῶν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον” 46, “Nat.Mul.” 32 (ἐλάσσω)] (παρ-) is falsa lectio in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.427, and ξυνελάσσομεν)] is subjunctive in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.39); ἐλάω 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.411)]; Attic dialect ἐλῶ, ᾷς, ᾷ, infinitive ἐλᾶν, also [Refs 8th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.207, etc., and so 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] in the resolved form ἐλόω [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.315, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.319)]: infinitive ἐλάαν (though this is also infinitive present, see below) [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.496, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.290)]: aorist 1 ἤλᾰσα, Epic dialect ἔλᾰσα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.80, ἔλασσα 18.564)], Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἐλάσασκεν [Refs (2.199:)]perfect ἐλήλᾰκα (ἀπ-, ἐξ-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.2.10, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 828:)]pluperfect ἐληλάκειν (ἐξ-) [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.90)]:— middle (see. below [Refs (1.2))], future ἐλάσομαι (παρ-) uncertain reading in [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 3.30.3)]: aorist ἠλασάμην [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.682)], rare in Attic dialect, as [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 484b)]; 3rd.pers. singular ἤλσατο [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Ibycus Lyricus 55)]; Epic dialect ἐλάσαιο, -ασαίατο, -ασσάμενος, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.51, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.537, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.637:)] —passive, future ἐλασθήσομαι (ἐξ-) [Refs 1st c.BC+ (1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 4.9:)]aorist ἠλάθην [ᾰ] [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 430, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 4; later ἠλάσθην “Anthologia Graeca” 7.278 (1st c.BC: Archias), “Sammelb.” 997 (4th c.AD), (ἐξ-, συν-) 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 8.24.9, 18.22.6, etc. (in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus)] the Mss. vary between the two forms, ἐξελαθείς [Refs (7.165, ἀπηλάσθησαν 3.54))]: perfect ἐλήλαμαι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.113, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.84)] (ἐξ-), etc.; ἐλήλασμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 2.133, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 31.4 (probably), (ἐξ-) 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 6.22.4, (συν-) 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Conjunctionibus;” 233.30)]: pluperfect ἠλήλατο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.400; poetry also ἐλήλατο 4.135)]; 3rd.pers. plural ἠλήλαντο [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 143, also ἐληλέδατ᾽, ἐληλέατ᾽, ἐληλάδατ᾽ variants in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.86.)]— The present ἐλάω is rare and mainly poetical, imperative ἔλα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “I.” 5(4).38, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 332, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 819, “fragment” 779.1)] (also non-thematic 3rd.pers. plural ἐλάντω [Refs (“SIG” 1025.8 (from Cos)))]: infinitive ἐλᾶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cantharus Comicus 4, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.32:)]infinitive ἐλάαν as Epic dialect infinitive present is frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus (see. below 1.2))]: participle ἐλάουσα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 4.5)]: imperfect 3rd.pers. plural ἔλων [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.2)], 3rd.pers. singular ἔλαεν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.872; ἀπ-έλα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.3.32)]; but ἀπ-ήλαον in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 1001 is probably an error for -ήλα᾽αν, _Doric dialect_ for -ήλασαν)]:—radical sense, drive, set in motion, of driving flocks, εἰς εὐρὺ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.237; κακοὺς δ᾽ ἐς μέσσον ἔλασσεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.299;)]aorist middle ἠλασάμην in active sense, [Refs (10.537, 11.682)]: frequently of horses, chariots, ships, drive, ἐλάαν (infinitive present) ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (23.334; ἐς τὴν ἀγορὴν τὸ ζεῦγος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.59)]; ἐ. ἵππον ride it, [Refs ([prev. author] 4.64, +others)]; κέλητας καὶ ἅρματα ἐ. ride and drive, [Refs ([prev. author] 7.86)]; ἐ. νῆα row it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.109, etc.)]; στρατὸν ἐ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).66, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.176, 4.91, etc.)]
b with accusative omitted, intransitive, go in a chariot, drive, μάστιξεν δ᾽ ἐλάαν (i.e. ἵππους) he whipped them on, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.366, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 734, 739)]; βῆ δ᾽ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματα he drove on over the waves, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.27)]; διὰ νύκτα ἐλάαν travel the night through, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.50)]; ἐς τὸ ἄστυ ἐ. drive into the city, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.60; ἐπὶ ζευγέων ἐ. [prev. work] 199)]; ride, [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 7.88, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 3.9, etc.)]; ἐλῶν ἐς Θρηΐκην marching.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.89, etc.)]; row, μάλα σφοδρῶς ἐλάαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.124)]; ἐλαύνοντες rowers, [Refs (13.22, etc.)]
c in this intransitive sense, it sometimes took an accusative loci, γαλήνην ἐλαύνειν to sail the calm sea, i.e. over it, [Refs (7.319)]; so τὰ ἕσπερα νῶτ᾽ ἐ. [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 731 (Lyric poetry))]; also ἐλαύνειν δρόμον run a course, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 28; ὁδόν 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 586.)]
d passive, [νηῦς] ἐλαυνομένη a ship under way, [NT+8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.155 (but πλοῖα ὑπὸ σκληρῶν ἀνέμων ἐλαυνόμενα NT.Jam.3.4))]; τὰ κατάντη ἐλαύνεσθαι, of horses, to be ridden on steep ground, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 8.3.)]
2 drive away, carry off, in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] of stolen cattle or horses, βοῶν ἀρίστας [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.353; ἵππους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.236; ἐ. ὅ τι δύναιντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 4.8.18)]:—middle, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.637, 20.51; ῥύσι᾽ ἐλαυνόμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.674, etc.)]
3 drive away, expel, ἐ. [τινὰ] ἐκ δήμου [Refs 5th c.BC+ (6.158; ἄνδρας ἀπ᾽ Οἰνώνας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.16: frequently in Trag., ἐ. τινὰ γῆς 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 70)]; μύσος, μίασμα ἐ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 967 codices, “Eu.” 283 (_passive_),compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 98)]; ἄγος ἐ.,= ἀγηλατέω, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.126; ἐ. λῃστάς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1188, etc.)]:—passive, γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνομαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 682.)]
4 drive (to extremities), persecute, plague, οἵ μιν ἄδην ἐλόωσι.. πολέμοιο who will harass him till he has had enough of war, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.315)]; ἔτι μέν μίν φημι ἄδην λάαν κακότητος I think I shall persecute him till he has had enough, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.290; θεὸς ἐλαύνει πόλιν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 28; Ἰωνίαν ἤλασεν βίᾳ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 771; μή τι δαιμόνιον τὰ πράγματα ἐλαύνῃ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.54; σὺ δ᾽ ἀπειλεῖς πᾶσιν, ἐλαύνεις πάντας [prev. author] 21.135, compare 173)]:—passive, ἐλαυνομένων καὶ ὑβριζομένων [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 18.48; λύπῃ πᾶς ἐλήλαται κακῇ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 275; κακοῖς πρός τινος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 31; ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης καὶ οἴστρου 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 240d; τὴν ψυχὴν ἐρωτικῇ μανίᾳ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 14.18)]; ἐλαύνεσθαι τὴν γνώμην to be out of one's mind, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vitae Sophistarum” 2.27.5.)]
5 ={βινέω}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 39, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus Comedy texts 3.4.)]
6 intransitive in expressions like{ἐς τοσοῦτον ἤλασαν} they drove it so far (where πρᾶγμα must be supplied), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.50; ἐς πᾶσαν κακότητα [prev. author] 2.124)]; εἰς κόρον ἐλαύνειν push matters till disgust ensued, [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 11.10)]; εἰς ἴσον (i.e. τισί) [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st c.AD: Onosander (Onasander) Tacticus “Praef.” 4)]: hence, push on, go on, ἐγγὺς μανιῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 904 (Lyric poetry))]; ἔξω τοῦ φρονεῖν [Refs ([prev. author])]*ba.[Refs (853)]; πόρρω ἐ. σοφίας go far in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4b, compare “Grg.” 486a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.39.)]
II strike, ἐλάτῃσιν πόντον ἐλαύνοντες [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.6; κιθάραν πλήκτρῳ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 351 (Lyric poetry).)]
II.2 strike with a weapon, but never with a missile, τὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.199; ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην 5.584; κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν 13.614)]; ὀδόντας ἐ. knock out, [Refs 3rd c.BC+ (3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.785: with double _accusative_, τὸν μὲν.. μεταδρομάδην ἔλασ᾽ ὦμον)] him he struck on.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.80)]; χθόνα δ᾽ ἤλασε παντὶ μετώπῳ struck earth with his forehead, of a falling man, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.94)]: with accusative cognate, inflict a wound, οὐλὴν τήν ποτέ με σῦς ἤλασε [Refs (21.219)]:—passive, with accusative νῶτον ὄπισθ᾽ αἰχμῇ δουρὸς ἐληλαμένος [Refs 7th c.BC+ (7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 11.20; ἐλαύνεται εἰς τὸν μηρόν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Tox.” 61.)]
II.3 strike one thing against another, πρὸς γῆν ἐ. κάρη [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.237)]; of weapons, drive through, διαπρὸ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε [Refs 8th c.BC+ (22.295; [δόρυ] διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.57, compare 20.269; ἤλασε Λυγκέος ἐν πλευραῖσι χαλκόν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 10.70)]:—passive, go through, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.135, 13.595)]; to be fixed in, ὀϊστὸς ὤμῳ ἐνὶ στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5.400; διὰ [σφονδύλου] διαμπερὲς ἐληλάσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 616e.)]
III metaphorically,
III.1 beat out metal, forge, ἀσπίδα.. ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς ἤλασεν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.296)]; πέντε πτύχας ἤλασε beat out five plates, [Refs (20.270)]; περὶ δ᾽ ἕρκος ἔλασσε κασσιτέρου make a fence of beaten tin (with a play on signification [Refs (2), 18.564)]; εὐνὴ Ἡφαίστου χερσὶν ἐληλαμένη χρυσοῦ a bed of beaten gold, [Refs 6th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Mimnermus Lyricus 12.6)]; σίδηρος λεπτῶς ἐληλ. [Refs 1st c.AD+ (1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Camillus” 41.)]
III.2 draw a line of wall, trench, etc., ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.450; ἀμφὶ δὲ τεῖχος ἔλασσε πόλει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.9; σταυροὺς δ᾽ ἐκτὸς ἔλασσε 14.11; τοῖχοι ἐληλέατ᾽ 7.86)]; τεῖχος τοὺς ἀγκῶνας ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐλήλαται the wall has its angles carried down to the river, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.180, compare 185, 191)]; ἐληλαμέναι πέρι πύργον having a wall built round, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 872 (Lyric poetry))]; ὄγμον ἐλαύνειν work one's way down a ridge or swathe in reaping or mowing, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.68; ἐ. αὔλακα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 443)]; ἀμπελίδος ὄρχον ἐ. to draw a line of vines, i.e. plant them in line, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 995)]: generally, plant, produce, ἐλᾷ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς αἰών [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.74.)]
III.3 κολῳὸν ἐλαύνειν prolong, keep up the brawl, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.575.)]
III.4 ἐξ ὄσσων ἐς γαῖαν ἐ. δάκρυ [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 96.)]