Strong G1065γέ
indeed
- Transliteration
- ge
- Pronunciation
- gheh
- Morphology
- Greek Particle
Definition
A primary particle of emphasis or qualification (often used with other particles prefixed): - and besides doubtless at least yet.
Detailed definition
γε, enclitic postpositive particle, rarer in κοινή than in cl., giving special prominence to the word to which it is attached, distinguishing it as the least or the most important (Thayer, see word),
indeed, at least, even (but not always translatable into English);
1. used alone: Luk.11:8 18:5 Rom.8:32.
2. More frequently with other particles: αλλά γε, Luk.24:21, 1Co.9:2; ἄρα γε, Mat.7:20 17:26, Act.17:27; ἆρά γε, Act.8:30; εἴ γε (Rec. εἴγε), 2Co.5:3, Gal.3:4, Eph.3:2 4:21, Col.1:23 (see Meyer, Ellic., on Ga, Eph, ll. with; Lft., on Ga, Col, ll. with); εἰ δὲ μήγε, following an affirmation, Mat.6:1, Luk.10:6 13:9; a negation, Mat.9:17, Luk.5:36, 37 14:32, 2Co.11:16; καί γε (Rec. καίγε, cl. καὶ... γε), Luk.19:42 (WH om.), Act.2:18 17:27; καίτοιγε (L καίτοι γε, Tr. καί τοι γε), Jhn.4:2; μενοῦνγε (see see word); μήτι γε, see: μήτι; ὄφελόν, 1Co.4:8.
† (AS)
indeed, at least, even (but not always translatable into English);
1. used alone: Luk.11:8 18:5 Rom.8:32.
2. More frequently with other particles: αλλά γε, Luk.24:21, 1Co.9:2; ἄρα γε, Mat.7:20 17:26, Act.17:27; ἆρά γε, Act.8:30; εἴ γε (Rec. εἴγε), 2Co.5:3, Gal.3:4, Eph.3:2 4:21, Col.1:23 (see Meyer, Ellic., on Ga, Eph, ll. with; Lft., on Ga, Col, ll. with); εἰ δὲ μήγε, following an affirmation, Mat.6:1, Luk.10:6 13:9; a negation, Mat.9:17, Luk.5:36, 37 14:32, 2Co.11:16; καί γε (Rec. καίγε, cl. καὶ... γε), Luk.19:42 (WH om.), Act.2:18 17:27; καίτοιγε (L καίτοι γε, Tr. καί τοι γε), Jhn.4:2; μενοῦνγε (see see word); μήτι γε, see: μήτι; ὄφελόν, 1Co.4:8.
† (AS)
In the Bible
Strong G1065 appears in 14 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- then2
- yet2
- beside1
- doubtless1
- haply1
- least1
- more1
- wherefore1
First verses
- Matthew 7:20Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.
- Matthew 17:26Peter saith unto him, Of strangers. Jesus saith unto him, Then are the children free.
- Luke 11:8I say unto you, Though he will not rise and give him, because he is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will rise and give him as many as he needeth.
- Luke 18:5Yet because this widow troubleth me, I will avenge her, lest by her continual coming she weary me.
- Luke 19:42Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes.
- Luke 24:21But we trusted that it had been he which should have redeemed Israel: and beside all this, to day is the third day since these things were done.
- Acts 2:18And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy:
- Acts 8:30And Philip ran thither to him, and heard him read the prophet Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest?
- Acts 11:18When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life.
- Acts 17:27That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us:
- Romans 8:32He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?
- 1 Corinthians 4:8Now ye are full, now ye are rich, ye have reigned as kings without us: and I would to God ye did reign, that we also might reign with you.
- 1 Corinthians 6:3Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life?
- 1 Corinthians 9:2If I be not an apostle unto others, yet doubtless I am to you: for the seal of mine apostleship are ye in the Lord.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Detailed Greek dictionary
γε,
Doric dialect and Boeotian dialect γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.
I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ.. σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.393)]; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ.. εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them,[Refs (17.475; μάλιστά γε 4.366)]; ὅ γ᾽ ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 42, etc.: with negatives, οὐ δύο γε)] not even two, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.303, 20.286)]; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 9.)]
I.2 with Pronouns: with pronoun of 1st pers. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD: Perses Epigrammaticus so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα _Laconian dialect_, but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα _Boeotian dialect_): in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus frequently with _Article_ used as _pronoun_, see at {ὅ γε}: with _demonstrative_ Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Comedy texts coalescing with -ί final, αὑτηγί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 784)]; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., [Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “V.” 781, “Pax” 1057, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί “Th.” 646): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.425, etc.: frequently after _relative_ Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1364; ὅς γ᾽ ἐξέλυσας δασμόν [prev. author] “OT” 35, etc.)]; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as..,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 365; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 329a)]: rarely with interrogative Pronouns, τίνα γε.. εἶπας ;[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 241)]; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ᾽ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 441.)]
I.3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sometimes repeated, οὐ μὲν.. ὀΐω πρίν γ᾽ ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε.. αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.288, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.127)]; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ᾽ ἄν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 961, “Ra.” 78, etc.; ὅτε γε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84e; ὁπότε γε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1699; ἐπεί γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.9; ἐπειδή γε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18; ὅπου γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.11)]; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 252c)]; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 317)]; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.16.γ, 143)], etc.; ὥστε γε (variant{ὥς γε}), with infinitive, so far at least as to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 230b; ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 801)]; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 570, “OT” 715, etc.)]:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.5.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 412b; ἐάντε γε [prev. author] “Plt.” 293d; οἵ τέ γε [prev. author] “Grg.” 454e:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, see below 11.3.)]
I.4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν.. γε, οὐ μὴν.. γε, with words intervening, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.12, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 518, etc.)]; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 1215, “Or.” 784)]; ἄταρ.. γε but yet, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 448)]; καίτοι γε, see at {καί το; ἀλλά γε} (without intervening words) is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Hp.Ma.” 287b (to be read ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε), “R.” 331b (ἀλλά γε ἕν codices, ἀλλὰ ἕν γε 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes))]; ἀλλά γε δή uncertain in [Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. author] “Phdr.” 262a; later, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.394c, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 10.49 codices: but,)]
I.5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sometimes modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 232, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 754, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, etc.)]; Epic dialect and Ionic dialect γε μέν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.703, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.195, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.152; γε μὲν δή 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 661, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 484; γε μέντοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 164a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.9, etc.: γε δή)] frequently strengthens an assertion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 42, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.62, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 275a (compare also 11.1))]; γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 934, “Pl.” 424, 1041, etc.; γέ τοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 447b; γέ τοι δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1171, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 264b; γέ τοί που [prev. author] “Lg.” 888e; γε δήπου [prev. author] “Phd.” 94a, etc.)]; γέ που at all events, any how, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 896, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 607d, 478a, etc.)]; for γε οὖν, see at {γοῦν}.
II exercising an influence over the whole clause:
II.1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.390)]; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον.., εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, [Refs (9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ.. ὅστις πινυτός γε)] any man—at least any wise man, [Refs (1.229)]; frequently preceded by καί, usually with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besides that.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73)]; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 58d; καὶ γελοίως γε [prev. author] “R.” 531a)]; frequently with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα.. πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον [LXX ([prev. author] “Cri.” 47b; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ.. καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή [prev. author] “Tht.” 156b; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX.Eccl.2.8)]; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἑπταμήνου” 9, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 11.7 codices; καί γε.. ἐκχεῶ NT.Act.2.18: hence,)]
II.2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι.. κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1049)]; κενὸν τόδ᾽ ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ᾽ ἔνδυτα.. yes indeed, your clothes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1412)]; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ᾽ ἂν γένοιο γ᾽ ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Med.” 817, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 680, etc.)]; πάνυ γε yes certainly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 8e, etc.)]; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, [Refs ([prev. author] “Tht.” 165c)]; sometimes preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, [Refs ([prev. work] 142b, compare d, 147e)]; sometimes ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1212.)]
II.3 to heighten a contrast or opposition,
II.3.a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ᾽.., τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε.. if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.49)] {γέα}; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι.. τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.5.20; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ᾽ ἐπιβάλλει 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.272:—sometimes in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε.. ἀλλ᾽ ἀέκοντας.. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.120.)]
II.3.b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε.. δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.11; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40; πατὴρ δ᾽ ἐμός.. ζώει ὅ γ᾽ ἢ τέθνηκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.131, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.504)]: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.214, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.10.θ, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1098f)]
II.4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ᾽ ὤφελον λαβεῖν uncertain in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 70, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 977, “Ph.” 1003, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 93, 836, etc.)]; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ᾽ variant in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 698; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ᾽ οὐδέποτ᾽ [prev. author] “Ec.” 748; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Apologia Socratis” 20; καὶ νὴ Δία γε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1350, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 17.4, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Merc.Cond.” 28, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε.. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.16; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.37)]; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτ; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.209, etc.)]
II.5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 861; δρᾶ γ᾽ εἴ τι δράσεις [prev. author] “IA” 817, compare “Andr.” 239.)]
III γε frequently repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε.., πρίν γε, see[Refs 5th c.BC+ (above 1.3; εἰ μή γε.. τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 31.29)]; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1507, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 554, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335b, “Grg.” 502a.)]
IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is frequently placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.66, etc.)]; or the preposition, κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.15; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1380; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 144e)]; τὸ δέ γε[Refs ([prev. work] 164b; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν [prev. author] “R.” 607d, compare “Phd.” 94a, etc.)]; frequently in retorts, ἁμές ποκ᾽ ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ᾽ εἰμές [Refs (“Carmina Popularia” 18)]; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ᾽, ὡς ἐγῷμαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 577, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1031, etc.)]
Doric dialect and Boeotian dialect γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.
I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ.. σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.393)]; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ.. εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them,[Refs (17.475; μάλιστά γε 4.366)]; ὅ γ᾽ ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 42, etc.: with negatives, οὐ δύο γε)] not even two, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.303, 20.286)]; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 9.)]
I.2 with Pronouns: with pronoun of 1st pers. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.AD: Perses Epigrammaticus so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα _Laconian dialect_, but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα _Boeotian dialect_): in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus frequently with _Article_ used as _pronoun_, see at {ὅ γε}: with _demonstrative_ Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Comedy texts coalescing with -ί final, αὑτηγί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 784)]; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., [Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “V.” 781, “Pax” 1057, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί “Th.” 646): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.425, etc.: frequently after _relative_ Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1364; ὅς γ᾽ ἐξέλυσας δασμόν [prev. author] “OT” 35, etc.)]; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as..,[Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. work] 365; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 329a)]: rarely with interrogative Pronouns, τίνα γε.. εἶπας ;[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 241)]; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ᾽ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 441.)]
I.3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sometimes repeated, οὐ μὲν.. ὀΐω πρίν γ᾽ ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε.. αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.288, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.127)]; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ᾽ ἄν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 961, “Ra.” 78, etc.; ὅτε γε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84e; ὁπότε γε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1699; ἐπεί γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.9; ἐπειδή γε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18; ὅπου γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.11)]; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 252c)]; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 317)]; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.16.γ, 143)], etc.; ὥστε γε (variant{ὥς γε}), with infinitive, so far at least as to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 230b; ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 801)]; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 570, “OT” 715, etc.)]:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.5.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 412b; ἐάντε γε [prev. author] “Plt.” 293d; οἵ τέ γε [prev. author] “Grg.” 454e:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, see below 11.3.)]
I.4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν.. γε, οὐ μὴν.. γε, with words intervening, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.12, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 518, etc.)]; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, [Refs ([prev. author] “Ph.” 1215, “Or.” 784)]; ἄταρ.. γε but yet, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 448)]; καίτοι γε, see at {καί το; ἀλλά γε} (without intervening words) is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Hp.Ma.” 287b (to be read ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε), “R.” 331b (ἀλλά γε ἕν codices, ἀλλὰ ἕν γε 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes))]; ἀλλά γε δή uncertain in [Refs 1st c.AD+ ([prev. author] “Phdr.” 262a; later, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.394c, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 10.49 codices: but,)]
I.5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sometimes modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 232, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 754, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, etc.)]; Epic dialect and Ionic dialect γε μέν [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.703, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.195, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.152; γε μὲν δή 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 661, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 484; γε μέντοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 164a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.9, etc.: γε δή)] frequently strengthens an assertion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 42, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.62, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 275a (compare also 11.1))]; γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 934, “Pl.” 424, 1041, etc.; γέ τοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 447b; γέ τοι δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1171, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 264b; γέ τοί που [prev. author] “Lg.” 888e; γε δήπου [prev. author] “Phd.” 94a, etc.)]; γέ που at all events, any how, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 896, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 607d, 478a, etc.)]; for γε οὖν, see at {γοῦν}.
II exercising an influence over the whole clause:
II.1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.390)]; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον.., εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, [Refs (9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ.. ὅστις πινυτός γε)] any man—at least any wise man, [Refs (1.229)]; frequently preceded by καί, usually with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besides that.., [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73)]; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 58d; καὶ γελοίως γε [prev. author] “R.” 531a)]; frequently with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα.. πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον [LXX ([prev. author] “Cri.” 47b; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ.. καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή [prev. author] “Tht.” 156b; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX.Eccl.2.8)]; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν [NT+5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἑπταμήνου” 9, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 11.7 codices; καί γε.. ἐκχεῶ NT.Act.2.18: hence,)]
II.2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι.. κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1049)]; κενὸν τόδ᾽ ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ᾽ ἔνδυτα.. yes indeed, your clothes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1412)]; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ᾽ ἂν γένοιο γ᾽ ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ ([prev. author] “Med.” 817, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 680, etc.)]; πάνυ γε yes certainly, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 8e, etc.)]; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, [Refs ([prev. author] “Tht.” 165c)]; sometimes preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, [Refs ([prev. work] 142b, compare d, 147e)]; sometimes ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1212.)]
II.3 to heighten a contrast or opposition,
II.3.a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ᾽.., τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε.. if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.49)] {γέα}; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι.. τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.5.20; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ᾽ ἐπιβάλλει 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.272:—sometimes in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε.. ἀλλ᾽ ἀέκοντας.. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.120.)]
II.3.b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε.. δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ ([prev. author] 1.11; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40; πατὴρ δ᾽ ἐμός.. ζώει ὅ γ᾽ ἢ τέθνηκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.131, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.504)]: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.214, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.10.θ, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1098f)]
II.4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ᾽ ὤφελον λαβεῖν uncertain in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 70, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 977, “Ph.” 1003, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 93, 836, etc.)]; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ᾽ variant in [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 698; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ᾽ οὐδέποτ᾽ [prev. author] “Ec.” 748; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Apologia Socratis” 20; καὶ νὴ Δία γε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1350, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 17.4, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Merc.Cond.” 28, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε.. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.16; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.37)]; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτ; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.209, etc.)]
II.5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 861; δρᾶ γ᾽ εἴ τι δράσεις [prev. author] “IA” 817, compare “Andr.” 239.)]
III γε frequently repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε.., πρίν γε, see[Refs 5th c.BC+ (above 1.3; εἰ μή γε.. τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 31.29)]; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1507, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 554, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335b, “Grg.” 502a.)]
IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is frequently placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.66, etc.)]; or the preposition, κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.15; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1380; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 144e)]; τὸ δέ γε[Refs ([prev. work] 164b; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν [prev. author] “R.” 607d, compare “Phd.” 94a, etc.)]; frequently in retorts, ἁμές ποκ᾽ ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ᾽ εἰμές [Refs (“Carmina Popularia” 18)]; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ᾽, ὡς ἐγῷμαι [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 577, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1031, etc.)]