Strong G235ἀλλά
but
- Transliteration
- alla
- Pronunciation
- al-lah'
- Morphology
- Greek Conjunction
Definition
Neuter plural of G243; properly other things that is (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations): - and but (even) howbeit indeed nay nevertheless no notwithstanding save therefore yea yet.
Detailed definition
ἀλλά (ἀλλ᾽ usually bef. α and υ, often bef. ε and η, rarely bef. ο and ω, never bef. ι; Tdf., Pr., 93 f.; WH, App., 146),
adversative particle,
stronger than δέ; prop. neuter pl. of ἄλλος, used adverbially, with changed accent; hence prop. otherwise, on the other hand (cf. Rom.3:31);
1. opposing a previous negation, but: οὐ (μὴ)... ἀ., Mat.5:15, 17 Mrk.5:39, Jhn.7:16, al.; rhetorically subordinating but not entirely negativing what precedes, οὐ... ἀ., not so much... as, Mrk.9:37, Mat.10:20, Jhn.12:44, al.; with ellipse of the negation, Mat.11:7-9, Act.19:2, 1Co.3:6 6:11 7:7, 2Co.7:1, Gal.2:3, al.; in opposition to a foregoing pos. sentence, ἀ. οὐ, Mat.24:6, 1Co.10:23; οὐ μόνον... ἀ. καί, Jhn.5:18, Rom.1:32, al.; elliptically, after a negation, ἀ. ἵνα, Mrk.14:49, Jhn.1:8 9:3, al.; = εἰ μή (Bl., §77, 13; M, Pr., 241; but cf. WM, §iii, 10), Mat.20:23, Mrk.4:22.
2. Without previous negation, to express opposition, interruption, transition, etc., but: Jhn.16:20 12:27, Gal.2:14; before commands or requests, Act.10:20 26:16, Mat.9:18, Mrk.9:22, al.; to introduce an accessory idea, 2Co.7:11; in the apodosis after a condition or concession with εἰ, ἐάν, εἴπερ, yet, still, at least, Mrk.14:29, 1Co.9:2, 2Co.4:16, Col.2:5, al.; after μέν, Act.4:17, Rom.14:20, 1Co.14:17; giving emphasis to the following clause, ἀλλ᾽ ἔρχεται ὥρα, yea, etc., Jhn.16:2; so with neg., ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, nay, nor yet, Luk.23:15.
3. Joined with other particles (a practice which increases in late writers; Simcox, LNT, 166), ἀ. γε, yet at least, Luk.24:21, 1Co.9:2; ἄ ἤ., save only, except, Luk.12:51, 2Co.1:13; ἀ. μὲν οὖν, Php.3:8 (on this usage, see MM, VGT, see word).
(AS)
adversative particle,
stronger than δέ; prop. neuter pl. of ἄλλος, used adverbially, with changed accent; hence prop. otherwise, on the other hand (cf. Rom.3:31);
1. opposing a previous negation, but: οὐ (μὴ)... ἀ., Mat.5:15, 17 Mrk.5:39, Jhn.7:16, al.; rhetorically subordinating but not entirely negativing what precedes, οὐ... ἀ., not so much... as, Mrk.9:37, Mat.10:20, Jhn.12:44, al.; with ellipse of the negation, Mat.11:7-9, Act.19:2, 1Co.3:6 6:11 7:7, 2Co.7:1, Gal.2:3, al.; in opposition to a foregoing pos. sentence, ἀ. οὐ, Mat.24:6, 1Co.10:23; οὐ μόνον... ἀ. καί, Jhn.5:18, Rom.1:32, al.; elliptically, after a negation, ἀ. ἵνα, Mrk.14:49, Jhn.1:8 9:3, al.; = εἰ μή (Bl., §77, 13; M, Pr., 241; but cf. WM, §iii, 10), Mat.20:23, Mrk.4:22.
2. Without previous negation, to express opposition, interruption, transition, etc., but: Jhn.16:20 12:27, Gal.2:14; before commands or requests, Act.10:20 26:16, Mat.9:18, Mrk.9:22, al.; to introduce an accessory idea, 2Co.7:11; in the apodosis after a condition or concession with εἰ, ἐάν, εἴπερ, yet, still, at least, Mrk.14:29, 1Co.9:2, 2Co.4:16, Col.2:5, al.; after μέν, Act.4:17, Rom.14:20, 1Co.14:17; giving emphasis to the following clause, ἀλλ᾽ ἔρχεται ὥρα, yea, etc., Jhn.16:2; so with neg., ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, nay, nor yet, Luk.23:15.
3. Joined with other particles (a practice which increases in late writers; Simcox, LNT, 166), ἀ. γε, yet at least, Luk.24:21, 1Co.9:2; ἄ ἤ., save only, except, Luk.12:51, 2Co.1:13; ἀ. μὲν οὖν, Php.3:8 (on this usage, see MM, VGT, see word).
(AS)
In the Bible
Strong G235 appears in 601 verses of the KJV.
Translated in the KJV by
- but550
- yet11
- nevertheless10
- yea10
- howbeit8
- nay4
- and3
- therefore3
- save2
- moreover1
- no1
- notwithstanding1
First verses
- Matthew 4:4But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.
- Matthew 5:15Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.
- Matthew 5:17Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
- Matthew 5:39But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.
- Matthew 6:13And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
- Matthew 6:18That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly.
- Matthew 7:21Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.
- Matthew 8:4And Jesus saith unto him, See thou tell no man; but go thy way, shew thyself to the priest, and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony unto them.
- Matthew 8:8The centurion answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: but speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed.
- Matthew 9:12But when Jesus heard that, he said unto them, They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick.
- Matthew 9:13But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice: for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.
- Matthew 9:17Neither do men put new wine into old bottles: else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.
- Matthew 9:18While he spake these things unto them, behold, there came a certain ruler, and worshipped him, saying, My daughter is even now dead: but come and lay thy hand upon her, and she shall live.
- Matthew 9:24He said unto them, Give place: for the maid is not dead, but sleepeth. And they laughed him to scorn.
- Matthew 10:20For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you.
- Matthew 10:34Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.
- Matthew 11:8But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings’ houses.
- Matthew 11:9But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet.
- Matthew 13:21Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while: for when tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended.
- Matthew 15:11Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man.
Occurrences by book
Related words
Word family
Detailed Greek dictionary
ἀλλά,
conjunction, originally neuter plural of ἄλλος, otheruise: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than δέ:
I in simple oppositions, but,
I.1 after negative clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαθός[Refs 8th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 212; οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλ᾽.. ἐφορμᾶται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.690, etc.)]
I.1.b after a simple negative, ἦ παραφρονεῖ; οὔκ, ἀλλ᾽ ὕπνος μ᾽ ἔχει[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 9, etc.)]
I.1.c frequently after οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκις[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 228a, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.59, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.13, etc.; without μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1006: also after οὐχ (or μὴ (ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅπως)], either, not only.. but.., μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 40d; μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν [prev. author] “Smp.” 207e)]; or, not only not.. but.., οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. περιόψεσθε[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.35; οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐζήλουν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.265)]; the negative form is ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ δίκην εἴρηκα[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 10.1, etc.)]
I.2 in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, still, at least, εἴπερ γάρ τε.. ἀλλά τε[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.82, etc.: in Prose, especially ἀλλ᾽ οὖν.. γε or ἀλλά.. γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀ. οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.140)]; εἰ μή (i.e. ὁρῶ), ἀλλ᾽ ἀκούω γε, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 470d, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.15, +others; εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 91b (in later Gk. ἀλλά γε)] may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί[NT+8th c.BC+ (NT.1Cor.9.2, and ἀ. γε δή is found with vv. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 262a))]; εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι.. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1282a11:—less frequently after Conjunctions of Time, as ἐπεὶ δή 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.151; ἐπεί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 241.)]
I.2.b after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἀ. is used elliptically, especially with _adverbs_ of Time, ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γ᾽ ἀ. νῦν (i.e. εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀ. νῦν γε) 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 411, compare “Ant.” 552, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 565; ἀ. τῷ χρόνῳ [prev. author] “Med.” 912)]; ἐὰν οὖν ἀ. νῦν γ᾽ ἔτι, i.e.ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀ. νῦν γε.. if then now at least ye still.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.33, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.15)]:—without an adverb of Time, at least, ἡ δ᾽ ἀ. πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 660, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1276, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 331.)]
I.3 sometimes = ἀλλ᾽ ἤ (which see), except, but, οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ... τοκῆε no one else, but.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀ. οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα 12.404; ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀ. ἐγώ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1331; ἡδέα.. οὐκ ἔστιν ἀ. τούτοις 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1176a22, compare 1152b30)]: compare reverse process in our word but=be out, except:—sometimes with force of ἤ after comparatives, τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀ.ἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ. not that in which they are lying, but far more.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.43; οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀ. δαπάνης [prev. author] 1.83.)]
I.4 with negative after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by not, ἀγαθῶν, ἀ. οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.16; τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀ. μὴ τῶν φαύλων 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.2; ἐκεῖθεν, ἀ. οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 229d:—after a question, τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀ. οὐχὶ προειπεῖ; 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.19, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.229, etc.)]
I.4.b without negative, μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀ. μαχητής[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.801.)]
II to oppose whole sentences,but, yet:
II.1 frequently in transitions, as [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.135, 140, etc.; ἀ. καὶ ὥς.. 1.116)]; ἀ. οὐδ᾽ ὥς.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.6:—after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] in answers and objections, nay but.., well but.., frequently with negatives, especially in making and answering objections, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 402, 407)]; also in affirmative answers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 330b, “Grg.” 449a, etc.)]:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι..; ἀ. ἀπῄτου; ἀ. περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενο; ἀ. μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.8.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 123e, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 17.47)]; ἀ. μήν.., answered by ἀ.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1287a23:—in vehement answers 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus often uses νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ..., μὰ Δἴ ἀ.., “Grg.” 481c, “Phlb.” 36a, cf. Alcaeus1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Γεωργός” 22.)]
II.2 with imperative or subjunctive, to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἀ. ἄγε, ἴθι, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.210, 11.611; ἀ. ἴομεν 6.526; ἀ. πίθεσθε 1.259; after _vocative_, ὦ Φίντις, ἀ. ζεῦξον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.22, compare 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.15, etc.)]; answered by a second ἀ., ἀ. περιμένετε. ἀ. περιμενοῦμεν[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327b; ἀλλ᾽ ἕρπεθ᾽ ὡς τάχιστα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1643, compare “Ant.” 1029, etc.)]
II.3 to break off a subject abruptly, ἀ. τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.523)]; ἀ. ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγει; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 11, compare “Tr.” 467, etc.)]
II.4 in resuming an address after parenthesis, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.12, 4.7.)]
II.5 in elliptical phrases, οὐ μὴν ἀ., οὐ μέντοι ἀ... it is not [so], but.., ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀ. ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος it did not however [throw him], but.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.8; οὐ μέντοι ἀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 173b; οὐ γὰρ ἀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 58, 498:—after δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μ᾽ ἀ. παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 391.)]
III when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as,
III.1 ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα, used by [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus in transitions, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.418, 12.320, etc.)]; later, to introduce an objection, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 25a)]; in questions,ἀλλ᾽ ἆρα..; [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 381b.)]
III.2 ἀλλ᾽ οὖν, concessive, at all events, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1298; τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀ. οὖνπροσεποιοῦνθ᾽ ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.86)]; well then, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 310a)]; but then, however, with γε following, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.140, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 84, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 652, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.18, etc.; ἀλλ᾽ οὖν γε in apodosi, see above 1.2.)]
III.3 ἀλλὰ γάρ, frequently with words between, but really, certainly, as ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω.., παύσω γόους, but this is irregular for ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1308, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 148)]; for the regular order[Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 81, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 480, “Med.” 1067; frequently elliptical, the Verb being understood, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.8, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 941, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 155: in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] only with negatives, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.242, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.355, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1409)]; ἀ. γὰρ δή, ἀ. γάρ τοι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 167, “Ph.” 81.)]
III.4 ἀ. εἰ.. quid si.. ? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.559.)]
III.5 ἀ. ἦ in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 220, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 879, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1111)]; ἀλλ᾽ ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 447a, compare “Prt.” 309c.)]
III.6 ἀ. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.514; especially with _imperative_, 1.211, +others)]; ἀλλά τοι[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.518, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 795, etc.)]; ἀ. μέντοι, with or without γε, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 214e, “Hp.Ma.” 287d, +others)]; ἀ. μήν, see at {μή; ἀ. δή}, mostly with words between, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1271, “OC” 586, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.109, etc.)]; without intervening words, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 37c, +others; ἀ. δῆτα [prev. author] “Hp.Ma.” 285c; ἀ. μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός [prev. author] “Tht.” 143b, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 103.)]
IV = et quidem, [Refs 6th c.AD+ (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus “in Aristotelis Meteora commentaria - pars” 1.13, +others)]
conjunction, originally neuter plural of ἄλλος, otheruise: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than δέ:
I in simple oppositions, but,
I.1 after negative clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαθός[Refs 8th c.BC+ (6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 212; οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλ᾽.. ἐφορμᾶται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.690, etc.)]
I.1.b after a simple negative, ἦ παραφρονεῖ; οὔκ, ἀλλ᾽ ὕπνος μ᾽ ἔχει[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 9, etc.)]
I.1.c frequently after οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκις[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 228a, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.59, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.13, etc.; without μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 1006: also after οὐχ (or μὴ (ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅπως)], either, not only.. but.., μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 40d; μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν [prev. author] “Smp.” 207e)]; or, not only not.. but.., οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. περιόψεσθε[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.35; οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐζήλουν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.265)]; the negative form is ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ δίκην εἴρηκα[Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 10.1, etc.)]
I.2 in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, still, at least, εἴπερ γάρ τε.. ἀλλά τε[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.82, etc.: in Prose, especially ἀλλ᾽ οὖν.. γε or ἀλλά.. γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀ. οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.140)]; εἰ μή (i.e. ὁρῶ), ἀλλ᾽ ἀκούω γε, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 470d, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.15, +others; εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 91b (in later Gk. ἀλλά γε)] may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί[NT+8th c.BC+ (NT.1Cor.9.2, and ἀ. γε δή is found with vv. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” in 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 262a))]; εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι.. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1282a11:—less frequently after Conjunctions of Time, as ἐπεὶ δή 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.151; ἐπεί 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 241.)]
I.2.b after [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἀ. is used elliptically, especially with _adverbs_ of Time, ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γ᾽ ἀ. νῦν (i.e. εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀ. νῦν γε) 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 411, compare “Ant.” 552, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 565; ἀ. τῷ χρόνῳ [prev. author] “Med.” 912)]; ἐὰν οὖν ἀ. νῦν γ᾽ ἔτι, i.e.ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀ. νῦν γε.. if then now at least ye still.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.33, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.15)]:—without an adverb of Time, at least, ἡ δ᾽ ἀ. πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 660, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1276, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 331.)]
I.3 sometimes = ἀλλ᾽ ἤ (which see), except, but, οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ... τοκῆε no one else, but.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.312; οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀ. οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα 12.404; ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀ. ἐγώ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1331; ἡδέα.. οὐκ ἔστιν ἀ. τούτοις 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1176a22, compare 1152b30)]: compare reverse process in our word but=be out, except:—sometimes with force of ἤ after comparatives, τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀ.ἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ. not that in which they are lying, but far more.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.43; οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀ. δαπάνης [prev. author] 1.83.)]
I.4 with negative after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by not, ἀγαθῶν, ἀ. οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 14.16; τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀ. μὴ τῶν φαύλων 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.2; ἐκεῖθεν, ἀ. οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 229d:—after a question, τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀ. οὐχὶ προειπεῖ; 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.19, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.229, etc.)]
I.4.b without negative, μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀ. μαχητής[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.801.)]
II to oppose whole sentences,but, yet:
II.1 frequently in transitions, as [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.135, 140, etc.; ἀ. καὶ ὥς.. 1.116)]; ἀ. οὐδ᾽ ὥς.. [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.6:—after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] in answers and objections, nay but.., well but.., frequently with negatives, especially in making and answering objections, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 402, 407)]; also in affirmative answers, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 330b, “Grg.” 449a, etc.)]:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι..; ἀ. ἀπῄτου; ἀ. περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενο; ἀ. μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησ; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.8.4, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theages” 123e, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 17.47)]; ἀ. μήν.., answered by ἀ.., [Refs 8th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1287a23:—in vehement answers 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus often uses νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ..., μὰ Δἴ ἀ.., “Grg.” 481c, “Phlb.” 36a, cf. Alcaeus1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1, 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Γεωργός” 22.)]
II.2 with imperative or subjunctive, to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ἀ. ἄγε, ἴθι, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.210, 11.611; ἀ. ἴομεν 6.526; ἀ. πίθεσθε 1.259; after _vocative_, ὦ Φίντις, ἀ. ζεῦξον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.22, compare 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.15, etc.)]; answered by a second ἀ., ἀ. περιμένετε. ἀ. περιμενοῦμεν[Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327b; ἀλλ᾽ ἕρπεθ᾽ ὡς τάχιστα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1643, compare “Ant.” 1029, etc.)]
II.3 to break off a subject abruptly, ἀ. τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.523)]; ἀ. ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγει; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 11, compare “Tr.” 467, etc.)]
II.4 in resuming an address after parenthesis, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.12, 4.7.)]
II.5 in elliptical phrases, οὐ μὴν ἀ., οὐ μέντοι ἀ... it is not [so], but.., ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀ. ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος it did not however [throw him], but.., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.8; οὐ μέντοι ἀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 173b; οὐ γὰρ ἀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 58, 498:—after δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μ᾽ ἀ. παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 391.)]
III when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as,
III.1 ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα, used by [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus in transitions, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.418, 12.320, etc.)]; later, to introduce an objection, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 25a)]; in questions,ἀλλ᾽ ἆρα..; [Refs ([prev. author] “R.” 381b.)]
III.2 ἀλλ᾽ οὖν, concessive, at all events, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1298; τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀ. οὖνπροσεποιοῦνθ᾽ ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.86)]; well then, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 310a)]; but then, however, with γε following, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.140, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 84, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 652, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.18, etc.; ἀλλ᾽ οὖν γε in apodosi, see above 1.2.)]
III.3 ἀλλὰ γάρ, frequently with words between, but really, certainly, as ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω.., παύσω γόους, but this is irregular for ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1308, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 148)]; for the regular order[Refs 8th c.BC+ (compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 81, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 480, “Med.” 1067; frequently elliptical, the Verb being understood, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.8, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 941, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 155: in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus)] only with negatives, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.242, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.355, +others, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1409)]; ἀ. γὰρ δή, ἀ. γάρ τοι, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 167, “Ph.” 81.)]
III.4 ἀ. εἰ.. quid si.. ? [Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.559.)]
III.5 ἀ. ἦ in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 220, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 879, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1111)]; ἀλλ᾽ ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομε; [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 447a, compare “Prt.” 309c.)]
III.6 ἀ. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.514; especially with _imperative_, 1.211, +others)]; ἀλλά τοι[Refs 8th c.BC+ (8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.518, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 795, etc.)]; ἀ. μέντοι, with or without γε, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 214e, “Hp.Ma.” 287d, +others)]; ἀ. μήν, see at {μή; ἀ. δή}, mostly with words between, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1271, “OC” 586, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.109, etc.)]; without intervening words, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 37c, +others; ἀ. δῆτα [prev. author] “Hp.Ma.” 285c; ἀ. μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός [prev. author] “Tht.” 143b, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 103.)]
IV = et quidem, [Refs 6th c.AD+ (6th c.AD: Olympiodorus Philosophus “in Aristotelis Meteora commentaria - pars” 1.13, +others)]