Tyndale Open Study NotesRevelation 8

The Lamb breaks the seven seals to reveal the significance of history from God’s point of view.

• The opening of the seventh seal ends the first act and starts a dramatic silence. This silence suggests the mystery of God's actions in the world (Revelation 10:4; 1 Kings 19:11–12). This mysterious silence may be similar to God's rest on the seventh day of creation (Genesis 2:1–3; see also Hebrews 4:1–11).

• half an hour: This short pause comes before the second act of divine judgment, when God will answer his people's prayers.

This scene in heaven shows the preparation for the seven trumpets of judgment. It continues the theme of God receiving and answering prayers (Revelation 5:8; 6:9–11).

Angels sound trumpets dramatically to announce an approaching end (see Isaiah 27:13; Zechariah 9:14; Matthew 24:31; 1 Corinthians 15:52; 1 Thessalonians 4:16).

The prayers of God's people ask for God's final justice and judgment (Revelation 6:10–11; see also 5:8; Ezra 9:5–6; Psalm 141:2; Daniel 9:21). The mix of incense and prayers that reaches God's presence shows that God hears them (see Revelation 6:9–11) and is ready to act.

• The angel throwing fire down to earth marks the dramatic start of God's judgment (see Genesis 19:24; Exodus 9:23; Leviticus 10:2; Deuteronomy 9:3; 2 Kings 1:10).

• thunder, lightning … earthquake: These disasters remind us of God's power, presence, and judgment (also Revelation 11:19; 16:18; see Exodus 19:18–19; 1 Kings 19:11–12; Isaiah 29:6).

• The second series of judgments involves seven trumpets. Like the first series (Revelation 6:1–8:1), it includes a pause (10:1–11:14; compare 7:1–17) and concludes with a view of God's eternal kingdom (11:15–19; see 7:9–8:1).

• The trumpet judgments are similar to the ten plagues of Egypt (Exodus 7:14–11:10). They aim to show that earthly gods (or evil powers) are powerless and to clearly demonstrate God's power and control.

Each of the first four trumpets affects one-third of its target (see Ezekiel 5:1–4, 12; Zechariah 13:8). This does not convey an exact measurement. Instead, it shows that God's judgment on the earth is starting but has not reached its peak. Together, the first four trumpets deliver a unified message of judgment on the entire physical world (as with Revelation 6:1–8).

• Hail and fire mixed with blood show the destruction of plant life, similar to the seventh plague on Egypt (see Exodus 9:13–35; Joel 2:31; Acts 2:19).

• was burned up, along with … all the green grass: Nothing escapes God's judgment.

• This vision does not need to align with Revelation 9:4 because each scene is independent and conveys its own message.

• the sea turned to blood: This judgment is like the first plague on Egypt (see Exodus 7:14–25; Psalm 78:44).

• The mountain of fire resembles the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, which destroyed ships and sea life (see Pliny the Younger, Letters 6.16.1–22).

The star named Wormwood (a shrubby plant that produces a bitter extract) is symbolic, not physical. Bitter water is linked to judgment from early in Israel’s history (Exodus 15:22–26; Numbers 5:18; Jeremiah 9:13–16; 23:15). The message is that widespread judgment has started.

• the fourth angel: On the fourth day of creation, God made the sun, the moon, and the stars (Genesis 1:14–19).

• the stars were darkened: This judgment replicates the ninth plague in Egypt (Exodus 10:21–23).

• In ancient times, people saw the eagle as a messenger from God (see 4 Ezra 11:7–8; 2 Baruch 77:19–26).

• Woe! Woe! Woe: A threefold announcement would be seen as a message from God (see Acts 10:16).

• The terror (Greek ouai), which sounded like an eagle's screech, was directed against those who were not among God's faithful (see Revelation 6:10; 9:4, 20).