Strong G5586G5586Gψῆφος

ψῆφος,
Doric dialect ψᾶφος, Aeolic dialect ψᾶφαξ, ἡ, genitive plural ψηφάων [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 4.448)]: (ψάω):—a small round worn stone, pebble, ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 10(11).9; οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν [prev. work] 13.46)]; ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις, opposed to μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.12)]; ψ. ἄμμου a grain of sand, [LXX (LXX.Sir.18.10.)]
2 precious stone, gem, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 3.27)]; especially worn in a ring, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMeretr.” 9.)]
II accusative to the various uses made of such pebbles:
II.1 pebble used for reckoning, counter, λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις calculate or reckon by abacus, cipher, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.36, etc.)]: hence to reckon exactly or accurately, opposed to ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ., [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 656 (_anapaest meter_); οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.229; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 570; ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 309: _metaphorically_, ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.47.5: hence ψῆφος)] itself for a cipher, number, πὸτ ἄρτιον (i.e. ἀριθμὸν) ποτθέμειν.. ψᾶφον [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 170)]: plural, accounts, καθαραὶ ψ., where there is an exact balance, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.227; οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ.)]calculators, [Refs 1st c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Alciphro Epistolographus 1.26; ψήφων ἄπειρος 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.812e)]; δακτυλικὴ ψ. reckoning on the fingers, [Refs 6th c.AD+ (“Anthologia Graeca” 11.290 (6th c.AD: Palladas Epigrammaticus))]; of astrological calculations, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 10.15, +others)]
II.1.b in Magic, κατέχων τὴν ψ. (i. e. the object on which the number is written) λέγε.. [Refs (“PMag.Par.” 1.1048, compare 937.)]
II.2 pebble used for a draughts- or chess-man, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 487c; κύβος ἐν παιδιᾷ ψήφων 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.427f.)]
II.2.b pebble used by jugglers, ψηφάων παῖκται [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD(?): Manetho Astrologus 4.448.)]
II.3 pebble used in divination, ἡ διὰ ψήφων μαντική [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Apollodorus Damascenus Mechanicus 3.10.2.)]
II.4 cube used in mosaic pavements, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “προτρεπτικός - Scripta Minora” 8.)]
II.5 pebble used in voting, ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.55; ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ... ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.89)]: hence, the vote itself, ψῆφον φέρειν give one's vote, ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες [Refs 5th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 680, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.2, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 57.61, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 7; περί τινος [prev. author] 11, etc.; ψήφου φορά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 484)]; ψῆφον τίθεσθαι, ={ψηφίζεσθαι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.123, compare 6.57; εἰς τεῦχος.. ψήφους ἔθεντο 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 816)]; with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.73; ψ. προσθέσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.40)]; ψήφῳ διαιρεῖν to determine by vote, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 630)]; ψήφῳ κρίνειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.87, etc.; μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36b, cf. Legal cited in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.47: in _collective_ sense, ἐχρῆν.. ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι)] a vote is taken, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.47; ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψ. 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.37; ἡ σῴζουσα ψ. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.66)]; οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψ. a majority of votes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 759d: τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν)] to put the vote or question, of the president, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.119, 125; ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος “IG” 22.222.24, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.188; ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Bella Civilia” 1.100; so ψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.65)]; διένεμον (variants διενέμοντο, ἔφερον) τὰς ψ. were casting their votes, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.123)]; ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς with one accord, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 270)]; ψ. φανερά open voting, ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.74; τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.37, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 767d, 855d)]; opposed to ψ. ἀφανής voting by ballot, [Refs 4th c.BC+ (4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.233; κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1433a23, compare 1424b2, “Ath.” 69.1.)]
II.5.b that which is carried by vote, a vote, ψ. καταγνώσεως a vote of condemnation, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.82)]; ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς a vote of banishment was moved for against him, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.7.57, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 198; ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι [prev. author] “Supp.” 7 (_anapaest meter_):)] —hence,
II.5.c any resolve or decree, ψ. τυράννων [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 60)]; λιθίνα ψᾶφος a decree written on stone, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.87)]; διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ᾽ αὐτᾶς [the oak] gives judgement of itself, [Refs ([prev. author] “P.” 4.265)]; ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν, i. e. public opinion, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Cratinus Comicus 57 (Lyric poetry))]; τίν᾽ ἂν ψῆφον θεῖ; what judgment.. ? [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 330c, compare “R.” 450a; ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. [prev. author] “Phlb.” 57a.)]
II.5.d Ἀθηνᾶς ψ., calculus Minervae, proverbial phrase to express acquittal, when the votes were even, [Refs 2nd c.AD+ (2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vitae Sophistarum” 2.3.)]
II.5.e ψ. is sometimes omitted, κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 685 (Lyric poetry); πάσαις κρατεῖν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Bis Acc.” 18, compare 22.)]
II.5.f Διὸς ψῆφος (ψῆφοι [Refs 5th c.AD+ (5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus), proverbial ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων,)] of the scene of contest betw. Athena and Poseidon, [Refs (10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus, etc.)]
II.5.g Κόννου ψ., negligible quantity, cipher, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 675 (_anapaest meter_), compare Κοννᾶς.)]
II.6 place of voting, tribunal, [Refs 5th c.BC+ (5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 945, “El.” 1263.)]
II.7 metaphorically, influence, πόλις μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα [Refs 4th c.AD+ (4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 18.13.)]