Bible dictionaries

Foul

What Bible dictionaries say about “Foul”, one article after the other.

Easton’s Bible Dictionary & Webster’s 1828 Dictionary

Foul - (Webster's 1828 Dictionary)

FOUL, a.

1. Covered with or containing extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or offensive; filthy; dirty; not clean; as a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul chimney.

My face is foul with weeping. Job 16.

2. Turbid; thick; muddy; as foul water; a foul stream.

3. Impure; polluted; as a foul mouth.

4. Impure; scurrilous; obscene or profane; as foul words; foul language.

5. Cloudy and stormy; rainy or tempestuous; as foul weather.

6. Impure; defiling; as a foul disease.

7. Wicked; detestable; abominable; as a foul deed; a foul spirit.

Babylon - the hold of every foul spirit. Rev 18.

8. Unfair; not honest; not lawful or according to established rules or customs; as foul play.

9. Hateful; ugly; loathsome.

Hast thou forgot the foul witch Sycorax.

10. Disgraceful; shameful; as a foul defeat.

Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?

11. Coarse; gross.

They are all for rank and foul feeding.

12. Full of gross humors or impurities.

You perceive the body of our kingdom, how foul it is.

13. Full of weeds; as, the garden is very foul.

14. Among seamen, entangled; hindered from motion; opposed to clear; as, a rope is foul.

15. Covered with weeds or barnacles; as, the ship has a foul bottom.

16. Not fair; contrary; as a foul wind.

17. Not favorable or safe; dangerous; as a foul road or bay.

1. To fall foul, is to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable violence.

2. To run against; as, the ship fell foul of her consort.

FOUL, v.t. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to bemire; to soil; as, to foul the clothes; to foul the face or hands. Ezek 34:18.

Matthew George Easton, Easton’s Bible Dictionary; Noah Webster, American Dictionary of the English Language (1828)

The article in Easton + Webster 1828

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE 1915)

foul (raphas; akdthartos):

The verb "to foul" (defile) occurs as the translation of raphas, "to trample" or "muddle" (streams) (Eze 32:2; 34:18); of chalmar, "to burn," "to be red" (Job 16:16, "My face is foul with weeping," the American Standard Revised Version and the English Revised Version, margin "red"); of mirpas, "a treading" (Eze 34:19). The adjective is the translation of akathartos, "unclean," "impure," "wicked" (Mr 9:25; Re 18:2, "foul spirit," the Revised Version (British and American) "unclean"), and of cheimon, "winter," "stormy or foul weather" (Mt 16:3). the Revised Version (British and American) has "The rivers shall become foul" (Isa 19:6) instead of the King James Version "They shall turn the rivers far away," the English Revised Version "The rivers shall stink."

W. L. Walker

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia — James Orr, general editor and contributors; CrossWire SWORD module ISBE 2.2

The article in ISBE 1915