Rashi on TanakhDeuteronomy 5

Not with our fathers alone did Adonoy make this covenant, etc., but with us, etc..

Face to face. R’ Berachia said, “This is what Moshe said [implied], Do not say that I am misleading you about something that is not a matter of fact such as an agent does acting as a middleman between the buyer and seller; for in this case, the seller himself is speaking to you.

Saying. [The word לֵאמֹר ] is connected [with the previous verse]: Adonoy spoke to you at the mountain from within the fire saying I am Adonoy etc.”; while I was standing between Adonoy and you.

In My presence. In any place where I am and that includes the entire world. Another explanation: So long as I exist. I have already explained the Ten Commandments.

Preserve. In the previous [Ten Commandments] it states “remember.” [the explanation is] both of them (שָׁמוֹר וְזָכוֹר) were pronounced simultaneously and as one word, and were heard in one sound.

As . . . commanded you. Before the giving of the Torah [you were commanded to do so] at Marah.

Remember that you were a slave, etc. He freed you on the condition that you shall be His servant and preserve His commandments.

As the way . . . commanded you. Also regarding the honor of father and mother were they commanded at Marah, as it is said, “there He set before them a statute and an ordinance.”

Do not commit adultery. The term נִאוּף, adultery, is applicable only in reference to a married woman.

Do not covet. [“ לָא תִתְאִַבֶה “ is translated by Targum Onkeles] — “ לֹא תֵירוֹג “ which is also an expression of desiring, similar to נֶחְמָד לְמַרְאֶה (pleasant to look at), which the Targum translates דִּמְרַגַּג לְמֶחֱזֵי (desirable to behold.)

Without cessation. The Targum translates וְלֹא יָסָף, — וְלָא פְסַק without interruption, (Because it is the nature of a human being that he is incapable of speaking all his words in one breath [and therefore he must pause between words]; and it is characteristic of the Holy One, blessed is He, that this is not so, [Therefore] He did not pause, and since He did not pause, there was no need to resume,) because His voice is strong and eternal. Another explanation of וְלֹא יָסָף : He never again revealed Himself in such a public demonstration.

And you will tell us. You have diminished my strength like that of a woman, for I was distressed about you and you weakened my hands, because I saw you were not anxious to come near to Him out of love. Would it not have been better for you to learn [directly] from the Mighty One, and not to learn from me.