Rashi on Tanakh2 Chronicles 13

Three years he reigned in Jerusalem and no more, as is proven in I Kings (15:9): “And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam, king of Israel, Asa reigned over Judah.” We find that he did not reign even three whole years.

Micaiah the daughter of Uriel And above (11:20), he calls her by a different name, Maacah the daughter of Absalom, and in I Kings (15:10), it is likewise written “Maacah the daughter of Absalom.” Micaiah the daughter of Uriel was her [real] name, and here he calls her thus because this is the genealogical record of Judah. In Kings, which is the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, he calls her by her nickname, Maacah the daughter of Absalom. Now, for this reason, they nicknamed her Maacah, rather than call her by her real name, Micaiah, (and the name of her father was Uriel Abishalom). She was called by the name of her daughter-in-law, who was a valiant woman, a heroic woman, as it is written (below 15:16): “And also Maacah the mother of King Asa he removed from being queen,” and in honor of her daughter-in-law, they called the mother-in-law by the daughter-in-law’s name. So it is explained in Yerushalmi (unknown). Now this tradition is in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, and he told me this in the name of his father, and so I found in his father’s commentary: Wherever a “vav” is added to the name of a woman, this is to her praise, like Athaliah (below 22: 12): “and Athaliah reigned over the land,” for she was a valiant woman; similarly Jecaliah (ibid. 26:3) and Jecaliahu (II Kings 15:2), because she was a heroic woman, for Amaziah her husband fled to Lachish and was there fifteen years until he died, and she judged the people all those fifteen years, and later, when he died, they crowned his son Uzziah after him at the age of sixteen.

And Abijah arose For Abijah went to war against Jeroboam in Jeroboam’s territory on Mount Ephraim.

a covenant of salt with endurance and permanence. And now -

Jeroboam, etc. the servant of Solomon the son of David, arose, etc. and a great stigma is attached to this.

And there gathered to him worthless wicked.

and they overwhelmed Rehoboam the son of Solomon and Rehoboam was young and soft-hearted and since they found in him humility and soft- heartedness, they overwhelmed him.

young - Heb. נַעַר. Although he was forty-one years old when he reigned, he is called a youth (נַעַר), as I explained above (I Chron. 22:5) in regards to Solomon.

like the peoples of the lands Whoever wishes to come and be initiated to be a priest to a golden calf, shall bring a young bull and seven rams, and be accepted.

to initiate himself - Heb. לְמַלֵּא יָדוֹ. To differentiate between impure and pure, similar to (Exod. 29:29): “to be anointed and initiated (וּלְמַלֵּא בָם אֶת יָדָם) through them.”

engage in the work i.e., in their work; this one to sing, and that one to guard the gates, every man to his work, as David prepared it.

And Jeroboam could muster no more strength, etc., and the Lord smote him i.e., Jeroboam.

and he died He did not die immediately, but continuously deteriorated because of the wars, and in Genesis Rabbah (65:20), it is explained that the Lord smote Abijah.