The Fourfold Gospel and Commentary on ActsLuke 22

Lu 22:1 CXVI. JESUS PREDICTS, THE RULERS PLOT FOR AND JUDAS BARGAINS FOR HIS DEATH. (Mount of Olives, Bethany, and Jerusalem. Tuesday after sunset, which Jews regarded as the beginning of Wednesday.) Mt 26:1-5,14-16 Mr 14:1,2,10,11 Lu 22:1-6 Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover. See TFG "Mr 14:1".

Lu 22:2 And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put him to death; for they feared the people. See TFG "Mr 14:2".

Lu 22:3 Judas who was called Iscariot. See TFG "Mr 3:19" and see TFG "Joh 6:71".

Lu 22:4 And he went away, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might deliver him unto them. See TFG "Mr 14:10".

Lu 22:5 And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money. See TFG "Mr 14:11".

Lu 22:6 And he consented, and sought opportunity to deliver him unto them in the absence of the multitude. See TFG "Mr 14:11".

Lu 22:7 CXVII. PREPARATION FOR PASSOVER. DISCIPLES CONTEND FOR PRECEDENCE. (Bethany to Jerusalem. Thursday afternoon and, after sunset, beginning of Friday.) Mt 26:17-20 Mr 14:12-17 Lu 22:7-18,24-30 And the day of unleavened bread came. See TFG "Mr 14:12".

Lu 22:9 Where wilt thou that we make ready? See TFG "Mr 14:12".

Lu 22:10 And he said unto them. See TFG "Mr 14:13".

Lu 22:11 And ye shall say unto the master of the house, etc. See TFG "Mr 14:14".

Lu 22:14 And when the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. See TFG "Mr 14:17".

Lu 22:15 With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer. Jesus had desired to keep with his disciples this last type which stood so close to the thing typified. It was a feast commemorating a great deliverance from death through the sacrifice of a lamb, and the real sacrifice and deliverance of which it was typical were about to be fulfilled in the unfolding of the kingdom of God. (TFG 646)

Lu 22:17 And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves. Luke brings out the parallelism between the passover and the Lord's supper. Each consisted in eating followed by drinking, and the closeness of the parallel is emphasized by the use of almost the same words with regard to the cup (Lu 22:16,18). The passover was typical of the Lord's suffering before the event, and the Lord's supper is typical of the same thing after the event. (TFG 646)

Lu 22:19 CXX. THE LORD'S SUPPER INSTITUTED. (Jerusalem. Evening before the crucifixion.) Mt 26:26-29 Mr 14:22-25 Lu 22:19,20 1Co 11:23-26 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, etc. See TFG "Mr 14:22".

Lu 22:20 And the cup in like manner after supper. Luke distinguishes between the cup taken during (see TFG "Lu 22:17"), and that taken after supper. The first belonged to the passover, this to the Lord's Supper. See TFG "Mr 14:23". Saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you. See TFG "Mr 14:24". (TFG 658)

Lu 22:21 CXIX. JUDAS' BETRAYAL AND PETER'S DENIAL FORETOLD. (Jerusalem. Evening before the crucifixion.) Mt 26:21-25,31-35 Mr 14:18-21,27-31 Lu 22:21-23,31-38 Joh 13:21-38 But behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table. See TFG "Mr 14:18".

Lu 22:22 For the Son of man indeed goeth, as it hath been determined: but woe unto that man through whom he is betrayed! See TFG "Mr 14:21".

Lu 22:23 And they began to question among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing. See TFG "Mr 14:19".

Lu 22:24-27 And there arose also a contention among them, which of them was accounted to be greatest. In sending to secure the room in which the paschal supper was being eaten, Jesus had said, "My time is at hand." Such expressions were falsely construed by the apostles. They thought that Jesus was about to set up his kingdom, and began at once to contend for the chief places. Jesus rebukes this false ambition in much the same manner as he had previously. See TFG "Mr 9:33" and see TFG "Mr 10:41". (TFG 646-647)

Lu 22:25 The kings of the Gentiles have lordship over them. See TFG "Mr 10:42".

Lu 22:26 But ye shall not be so, etc. See TFG "Mr 10:43".

Lu 22:28-30 But ye are they that have continued with me in my temptations. The word "temptations" is here used to mean "trials" (Jas 1:2,3). (TFG 647)

Lu 22:30 That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom. The words concerning eating and drinking at the Lord's table refer to the ancient custom of thus bestowing honor and distinction (2Sa 9:7 19:28), and indicate that the apostles, being about to participate in the Lord's condemnation and suffering, should in the end share his exaltation and its attendant joys. And ye shall sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. See TFG "Mt 19:28". (TFG 647)

Lu 22:31 Simon, Simon. By thus repeating the name, Jesus tempered the rebuke. See also Lu 10:41 Ac 9:4. Behold, Satan asked to have you, that he might sift you as wheat. The language here suggests a repetition, in some degree, of Satan's conduct in the case of Job. See Job 1:1-2:10. (TFG 478, 655)

Lu 22:32 But I made supplication for thee, that thy faith fail not. Jesus, having insight into what was going on in the spirit world, made supplication that Peter might be enabled to endure the trial. And do thou, when once thou hast turned again, establish thy brethren. The language sadly intimates that Satan's test would leave him in need of repentance. As the one who perhaps exercised the strongest influence over the other ten apostles, Peter is exhorted to use his own bitter experience for their benefit and strengthening. (TFG 655-656)

Lu 22:33 Lord, with thee I am ready to go both to prison and to death. See TFG "Mr 14:29".

Lu 22:34 I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, until thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me. See TFG "Mr 14:30".

Lu 22:35-38 When I sent you forth without purse, and wallet, and shoes, lacked ye anything? And they said, Nothing. See Mr 6:8. In this passage our Lord draws a contrast between the favor with which his messengers had been received on their former mission and the trials and persecutions which awaited them in their future course. If they had prepared then to be received with joy, they were to prepare now to be opposed with bitterness; for the utter rejection of the Master would be followed by the violent persecution of the servants. (TFG 657)

Lu 22:37 And he was reckoned with transgressors. Isa 53:12.

Lu 22:38 And they said, Lord, behold, here are two swords. And he said unto them, It is enough. The apostles took the words of Jesus literally, and showed two swords, and the Lord, for their future enlightenment, said, "It is enough." Thus intimating that he did not mean a literal arming with carnal weapons, for had he done so, two swords would not have sufficed for twelve men. (TFG 657)

Lu 22:39 CXXIII. GOING TO GETHSEMANE, AND AGONY THEREIN. (A garden between the brook Kidron and the Mount of Olives. Late Thursday night.) Mt 26:30,36-46 Mr 14:26,32-42 Lu 22:39-46 Joh 18:1

Lu 22:40 Pray that ye enter not into temptation. See TFG "Mr 14:32".

Lu 22:41 About a stone's cast. One hundred fifty to two hundred feet. And he kneeled down and prayed. Compare Mr 14:35. (TFG 686)

Lu 22:42 Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. See TFG "Mr 14:36".

Lu 22:44 And his sweat became as it were great drops of blood falling down upon the ground. Commentators give instances of bloody sweat under abnormal pathological conditions. (TFG 687)

Lu 22:46 Why sleep ye? rise and pray, that ye enter not into temptation. The admonition which had at first been addressed to all the eleven (Lu 22:40) is now spoken to the chosen three. (TFG 687)

Lu 22:47 CXXIV. JESUS BETRAYED, ARRESTED, AND FORSAKEN. (Gethsemane. Friday, several hours before dawn.) Mt 26:47-56 Mr 14:43-52 Lu 22:47-53 Joh 18:2-11 Behold, a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them. See TFG "Mr 14:43". And he drew near unto Jesus to kiss him. See TFG "Mr 14:44".

Lu 22:48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss? When he approaches to carry out his contract, the Lord's question exposes him before all as a betrayer, and not a disciple as he wished to appear to be (for kissing was the common mode of salutation between men, especially between teacher and pupils), and when Judas brazenly persists in completing the sign, Jesus bids him do it, not as a friend, but as a traitor. Little did the betrayer think that the kiss of Judas would become a proverb in every nation. (TFG 690)

Lu 22:50 And a certain one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and struck off his right ear. See TFG "Mr 14:47".

Lu 22:51 Suffer ye them thus far. Some think that Jesus spoke these words, "Suffer ye thus far," to those who held him, asking them to loose him sufficiently to enable him to touch the ear of Malchus. But the Revision committee by inserting "them" make Jesus address his disciples, commanding them not to interfere with those who were arresting him, making it a general statement of the idea which the Lord addressed specifically to Peter in the next sentence (Mt 26:52). (TFG 691)

Lu 22:52 And Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and elders, etc. See "Mr 14:48".

Lu 22:53 When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched not forth your hands against me. See TFG "Mr 14:49".

Lu 22:54 CXXVI. SECOND STAGE OF JEWISH TRIAL. JESUS CONDEMNED BY CAIAPHAS AND THE SANHEDRIN. (Palace of Caiaphas. Friday.) Mt 26:57,59-68 Mr 14:53,55-65 Lu 22:54,63-65 Joh 18:24 CXXVII. PETER THRICE DENIES THE LORD. (Court of the high priest's residence. Friday before and about dawn.) Mt 26:58,69-75 Mr 14:54,66-72 Lu 22:54-62 Joh 18:15-18,25-27 But Peter followed afar off. See TFG "Mr 14:54".

Lu 22:55 Peter sat in the midst of them. See TFG "Mr 14:54".

Lu 22:58 And Peter said, Man, I am not. See TFG "Mr 14:70".

Lu 22:62 And he went out, and wept bitterly. See TFG "Mr 14:72".

Lu 22:63-65 And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and beat him. See TFG "Mr 14:65".

Lu 22:66 CXXVIII. THIRD STAGE OF JEWISH TRIAL. JESUS FORMALLY CONDEMNED BY THE SANHEDRIN AND LED TO PILATE. (Jerusalem. Friday after dawn.) Mt 27:1,2 Mr 15:1 Lu 22:66-23:1 Joh 18:28 The assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, etc. See TFG "Mr 15:1".

Lu 22:67 If I tell you, ye will not believe. As experience had already proven (Joh 8:59 10:31). (TFG 703)

Lu 22:68 And if I ask you, ye will not answer. Thus Jesus protests against the violence and injustice of his trial. His judges were asking him whether he was the Christ without any intention of investigating the truth of his claim, but merely for the purpose of condemning him by unwarrantedly assuming that he was not the Christ. They therefore asked in an unlawful spirit as well as in an unlawful manner. Jesus had a good right to ask them questions tending to confirm his Christhood by the Scripture, but had he done so they would not have answered (Mt 22:41-45). Jesus appeals to them to try the question as to who he was, but they insist on confining the inquiry as to who he claimed to be, assuming that the claim was false. (TFG 703)

Lu 22:69 But from henceforth shall the Son of man be seated at the right hand of the power of God. See TFG "Mr 14:62".

Lu 22:70 Ye say that I am. The Hebrew mode of expression, equivalent to "Ye say it, because I am." (TFG 703)

Lu 22:71 What further need have we of witness? Thus they unconsciously admit their lack of evidence against Jesus. (TFG 703)